UML复习题.docx

UML复习题.docx

《UML复习题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《UML复习题.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

UML复习题

ØWhatisthepurposeofaninteractiondiagram?

Aninteractiondiagramshowsaninteractionthatconsistsofasetofobjectsandtheirrelationships,includingthemessagesthatmaybedispatchedamongthem.

Itmodelsthedynamicaspectsofasystem.

ØWhatisasequencediagram?

Acollaborationdiagram?

Asequencediagramisaninteractiondiagramthatemphasizesthetimeorderingofmessages.

Acollaborationdiagramemphasizestheorganizationoftheobjectsthatparticipateinaninteraction.

Semanticallyequivalent（Canconvertonediagramtotheotherwithoutlosinganyinformation）

Modelthedynamicaspectsofasystem

Modelause-casescenario

ØWhatarethesimilaritiesbetweensequenceandcollaborationdiagrams?

ØWhatarethedifferencesbetweensequenceandcollaborationdiagrams?

Collaborationdiagrams

⏹Showrelationshipsinadditiontointeractions

⏹Betterforvisualizingpatternsofcollaboration

⏹Betterforvisualizingalloftheeffectsonagivenobject

⏹Easiertouseforbrainstormingsessions

Sequencediagrams

⏹Showtheexplicitsequenceofmessages

⏹Showfocusofcontrol

⏹Betterforvisualizingoverallflow

⏹Betterforreal-timespecificationsandforcomplexscenarios

ØWhatisaclassdiagram?

Staticviewofasystem.

ØClassDiagramUsage

Whenmodelingthestaticviewofasystem,classdiagramsaretypicallyusedinoneofthreeways,tomodel:

⏹Thevocabularyofasystem

⏹Collaborations

⏹Alogicaldatabaseschema

ØWhat'sapackage?

⏹Ageneralpurposemechanismfororganizingelementsintogroups.

⏹Amodelelementthatcancontainothermodelelements.

Apackagecanbeused:

⏹Toorganizethemodelunderdevelopment

⏹Asaunitofconfigurationmanagement

ØWhatIsanAssociation?

⏹Thesemanticrelationshipbetweentwoormoreclassifiersthatspecifiesconnectionsamongtheirinstances.

⏹Astructuralrelationshipspecifyingthatobjectsofonethingareconnectedtoobjectsofanotherthing.

ØWhatIsMultiplicity?

⏹MultiplicityisthenumberofinstancesoneclassrelatestoONEinstanceofanotherclass.

⏹Foreachassociation,therearetwomultiplicitydecisionstomake,oneforeachendofthe

association.

✓ForeachinstanceofProfessor,manyCourseOfferingsmaybetaught.

✓ForeachinstanceofCourseOffering,theremaybeeitheroneorzeroProfessorastheinstructor.

ØWhatIsanAggregation?

⏹Aspecialformofassociationthatmodelsawhole-partrelationshipbetweentheaggregate（thewhole）anditsparts.

Anaggregationisan“isapart-of”relationship.

⏹Multiplicityisrepresentedlikeotherassociations.

ØWhatIsGeneralization?

⏹Arelationshipamongclasseswhereoneclasssharesthestructureand/orbehaviorofoneormoreclasses.

⏹Definesahierarchyofabstractionswhereasubclassinheritsfromoneormoresuperclasses.

􀂃Singleinheritance

􀂃Multipleinheritance

⏹Isan“isakindof”relationship.

ØWhatdoesaclassdiagramrepresent?

ØWhatbenefitsdopackagesprovidetothemodel?

ØDefineassociation,aggregation,andgeneralization.

ØHowdoyoufindassociations?

ØWhatismultiplicity?

Whatinformationdoesmultiplicityprovidethemodeler?

ØAnObjectHasState

⏹Thestateofanobjectisoneofthepossibleconditionsinwhichanobjectmayexist.

⏹Thestateofanobjectnormallychangesovertime.

ØWhatAreStatechartDiagrams?

⏹Astatechartdiagramshowsastatemachine.

⏹Itspecifiesthesequenceofstatesthatanobjectcanbein:

Theeventsandconditionsthatcausetheobjecttoreachthosestates

Theactionsthattakeplacewhenthosestatesarereached

ØDrawingStates

⏹Astateisrepresentedasaroundedrectangleonastatechartdiagram.

⏹Asacomparison,notethesubtledifferencebetweenastateandanactivity.

ØWhatAreEvents?

⏹Aneventisthespecificationofasignificantoccurrencethathasalocationintimeandspace.

⏹Aneventisanoccurrenceofastimulusthatcantriggerastatetransition.

ØWhatAreTransitions?

⏹Atransitionisachangefromanoriginatingstatetoasuccessorstateasaresultofsomestimulus.

⏹Atransitionmaytakeplaceinresponsetoanevent.

⏹Transitionscanbelabeledwithevents.

ØWhatIsaDeploymentDiagram?

Thedeploymentdiagramshows:

⏹Configurationofprocessingnodesatrun-time

⏹Communicationlinksbetweenthesenodes

⏹Componentinstancesandobjectsthatresideonthem

ØWhatIsaNode?

⏹Aphysicalelementthatexistsatrun-timeandrepresentsacomputationalresource.

⏹Types:

◆ProcessorNode

•Executessystemsoftware

◆DeviceNode

•Supportdevice

•Typicallycontrolledbyaprocessor

ØWhatIsaConnection?

⏹Aconnectionrepresentsa:

Communicationmechanism

•Physicalmedium

•Softwareprotocol

ØWhatIsaComponentDiagram?

Adiagramthatshowstheorganizationofandthedependenciesamongasetofcomponents.

ØWhatIsaComponent?

⏹Amodular,deployable,andreplaceablepartofasystemthatencapsulatesimplementationandexposesasetofinterfaces.

⏹Itconformstoandprovidesthephysicalrealizationofasetofinterfaces.

ØDefinestate.Howdoyoudeterminetheclasseswithsignificantstate?

ØWhatisastatechartdiagram?

Describethedifferentpartsofthediagram.

ØHowdostatechartdiagramsmaptotherestoftheworld?

ØWhatisthepurposeofadeploymentdiagram?

ØWhatisacomponentdiagram?

ØSymptomsofSoftwareDevelopmentProblems

⏹Userorbusinessneedsnotmet

⏹Requirementsnotaddressed

⏹Modulesnotintegrating

⏹Difficultieswithmaintenance

⏹Latediscoveryofflaws

⏹Poorqualityofend-userexperience

⏹Poorperformanceunderload

⏹Nocoordinatedteameffort

⏹Build-and-releaseissues

ØBestPractices

⏹ProcessMadePractical

⏹DevelopIteratively

⏹ManageRequirements

⏹UseComponent

⏹Architectures

⏹ModelVisually（UML）

⏹ContinuouslyVerifyQuality

⏹ManageChange

ØRequirementsManagement

Makingsureyou

✓solvetherightproblem

✓buildtherightsystem

bytakingasystematicapproachto

✓eliciting

✓organizing

✓documenting

✓managing

thechangingrequirementsofa

softwareapplication.

ØAspectsofRequirementsManagement

⏹AnalyzetheProblem

⏹UnderstandUserNeeds

⏹DefinetheSystem

⏹ManageScope

⏹RefinetheSystemDefinition

⏹ManageChangingRequirements

ØResilientComponent-BasedArchitectures

⏹Resilient

✓Meetscurrentandfuturerequirements

✓Improvesextensibility

✓Enablesreuse

✓Encapsulatessystemdependencies

⏹Component-based

✓Reuseorcustomizecomponents

✓Selectfromcommerciallyavailablecomponents

✓Evolveexistingsoftwareincrementally

ØPurposeofaComponent-BasedArchitecture

⏹Basisforreuse

✓Componentreuse

✓Architecturereuse

⏹Basisforprojectmanagement

✓Planning

✓Staffing

✓Delivery

⏹Intellectualcontrol

✓Managecomplexity

✓aintainintegrity

ØWhyModelVisually?

⏹Capturesstructureandbehavior

⏹Showshowsystemelementsfittogether

⏹Keepsdesignandimplementationconsistent

⏹Hidesorexposesdetailsasappropriate

⏹Promotesunambiguouscommunication

􀂃TheUMLprovidesonelanguageforallpractitioners

ØWhatDoYouWanttoControl?

⏹Secureworkspacesforeachdeveloper

⏹Automatedintegration/buildmanagement

⏹Paralleldevelopment

ØAspectsofaCMSystem

⏹ChangeRequestManagement（CRM）

⏹ConfigurationStatusReporting

⏹ConfigurationManagement（CM）

⏹ChangeTracking

⏹VersionSelection

⏹SoftwareManufacture

ØUnifiedChangeManagement（UCM）

UCMinvolves:

⏹Managementacrossthelifecycle

✓System

✓ProjectManagement

⏹Activity-BasedManagement

✓Tasks

✓Defects

✓Enhancements

⏹ProgressTracking

✓Charts

✓Reports

ØAchievingBestPractices

⏹Iterativeapproach

⏹Guidanceforactivitiesandartifacts

⏹Processfocusonarchitecture

⏹Usecasesthatdrivedesignandimplementation

⏹Modelsthatabstractthesystem

ØATeam-BasedDefinitionofProcess

AprocessdefinesWhoisdoingWhat,When,andHow,inordertoreachacertaingoal.

⏹RationalUnifiedProcesshasfourphases:

✓Inception-Definethescopeofproject

✓Elaboration-Planproject,specifyfeaturesandbaselinearchitecture

✓Construction-Buildtheproduct

✓Transition-Transitiontheproductintoend-usercommunity

Aniterationisadistinctsequenceofactivitiesbasedonanestablishedplanandevaluationcriteria,resultinginanexecutablerelease（internalorexternal）.

ØReview

⏹BestPracticesguidesoftwareengineeringbyaddressingrootcauses.

⏹BestPracticesreinforceeachother.

⏹Processguidesateamonwhodoeswhat,when,andhow.

⏹TheRationalUnifiedProcessisameansofachievingBestPractices.

ØWhatIsSystemBehavior?

⏹Systembehaviorishowasystemactsandreacts.

􀂃Itistheoutwardlyvisibleandtestableactivityof

asystem.

⏹Systembehavioriscapturedinusecases.

􀂃Usecasesdescribethesystem,itsenvironment,andtherelationshipbetweenthesystemanditsenvironment.

Anactorrepresentsanythingthatinteractswiththesystem.

Ausecaseisasequenceofactionsasystemperformsthatyieldsanobservableresultofvaluetoaparticularactor.

ØWhatIsaUse-CaseModel?

⏹Amodelthatdescribesasystem’sfunctionalrequirementsintermsofusecases

⏹Amodelofthesystem’sintendedfunctionality（usecases）anditsenvironment（actors）

ØWhatAretheBenefitsofaUse-CaseModel?

⏹Communication

⏹Identification

⏹Verification

ØUse-CaseSpecifications

⏹Name

⏹Briefdescription

⏹FlowofEvents

⏹Relationships

⏹Activitydiagrams

⏹Use-Casediagrams

⏹Specialrequirements

⏹Pre-conditions

⏹Post-conditions

⏹Otherdiagrams

ØUse-CaseFlowofEvents

⏹Hasonenormal,basicflow

⏹Severalalternativeflows

⏹Regularvariants

⏹Oddcases

⏹Exceptionalflows