英语论文文献综述报告.docx

英语论文文献综述报告.docx

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英语论文文献综述报告

跨文化交际理论下的英语新闻汉译策略的论文

文献综述报告

摘要

众所周知，词与词形成句，句与句构成篇，从而组成一则新闻。

因此句子就成了整个新闻的主要主城部分。

对新闻英语句子的翻译是始终表现出一个翻译者或一个记者的技巧。

那就是把一个扩展开的简单英语句子翻译成中文的技巧。

我们应该首先把英语句子分成几个意群,可以是一个词、一个短语,一个条款,甚至是一个组合的任何部分。

同时根据中国的时间和逻辑的序列，继而把意群转化成中文副本并同时记录下来。

如果任何一个句子的失去了它的逻辑,句子无论如何也不能成立。

因此从英文句子转化成汉语至少需要两个步骤的转化。

并以分割和转化以及重新排序为重点。

跨文化交际就是不同国家，不同文化之间的交流与沟通，以及相互理解。

它包含了人类学，文化研究，心理学，历史，艺术，宗教，地理和通讯等各个领域。

在我看来,外国人学习汉语最好就是多阅读中文报纸和杂志,多听广播和看电视。

我们也应该尽量接触接触英语报纸和电台。

一点也不夸张的说,社会的快速发展,给现代英语的领域带来了巨大的发展。

没有英语报纸和新闻媒体,我们找不到任何的方式使详细地记录了新生事物和多变的英语世界。

总之，本综述报告将着重讲如何运用跨文化交际理论去分析新闻翻译英语成中文的主要策略并进行研究。

ABSTRACT

Asweallknowthatnewswasformedbysentencesandsentenceswereformedbywords.Sothesentenceswerethemainpartofallthestructureofnews.ThetranslationofEnglishsentencesaboutnewswasalwaysshowtheskillofatranslatororanjournalist.TotranslateanexpandedsimpleEnglishsentenceintoappropriateChinese.WeshouldfirstandforemostdividetheEnglishsentenceintoseveralsensegroups,whichcouldbeaword,aphrase,aclause,orevenacombinationofanyofthem.ThentransformthesensegroupsintoChinesecounterpartsandsimultaneouslyrecorderthemaccordingtoChinesenormsofthesequenceoftimeorthelogic.Ifanyofasentencelostitslogic,thesentencecouldnotbemadeinanycase.ConsequentlyatleasttwostepscanbedistilledfortheconversionfromEnglishtoChinesesentences.Theimportantthingsincludedivisionandtransformationplusreordering.

InterculturalCommunicationseekstounderstandhowpeoplefromdifferentcountriesandculturesbehave,communicateandperceivetheworldaroundthem.Thisalsoincludesareassuchas anthropology,culturalstudies,psychology,history,art,religion,geography,andcommunication.

AsIsee,theforeignersstudyingChinesehavetoreadmoreChinesenewspapersandmagazines,listeningtoradioandwatchingTV.WeshouldtryourbesttogetintouchwithEnglishnewspaperandradio.Notatallexaggerated,therapiddevelopmentofsocietyhasbroughtaboutagreatadvanceinthemodernEnglishfield.WithoutEnglishnewspaperandjournalisticmedia,wecannotfindanywaytomakeadetailedrecordofthenewlyemergingthingsandchangeableEnglishworld.

Aboveall,thispapermainlystudieshowtousecross-communicationtheorytotranslateEnglishnewstoChinese.

Content

Inordertoaccomplishmypaper,IhavereadalargeamountofpapersrelatedtotheinformationIneedwhichwaswrittenbyothers.IsimplypaintastructureinmybrainabouthowtowritemypaperbeforeIbegantowrite.Inthefirstpart,certainlyIwillintroducewhatisextensivereadingandwhatisschematheory.AndthenIwillgiveideasabouthowtouseschematheorytoimprovestudents'Englishreadingability.AfterreadingallthepapersIsearchedintheinternet,Igetafullunderstandingoftheseconcepts.NowIwillintroducewhatIhavelearnedinsequence.

LiteratureReview

1ExpandedDefinition

InterculturalCommunicationseekstounderstandhowpeoplefromdifferentcountriesandculturesbehave,communicateandperceivetheworldaroundthem.

Thisalsoincludesareassuchas anthropology,culturalstudies,psychology,history,art,religion,geography,andcommunication.

Thesetheoriescanbeappliedtomanyfieldssuchasbusiness,management,marketing,advertising,education,healthcareandotherpublicservices.

Asbusinessbecomesmoreinternational,manycompaniesneedtoknowhowbesttostructuretheircompanies,managestaffandcommunicatewithcustomers.

DivisionistoreducetheEnglishhypotacticstructureintoacertainnumberofmeaningfulgroups.Lookatthefollowingexamples.

RemarksbyUSPresidentsBushatQingHuaUniversity（February22,2002,Beijing）

I’msogratefulforthehospitality,andhonoredforthereceptionatoneofChina’sandtheworld’sgreatuniversities.

IknowhowimportantthisplacetoyourVicePresident.Henotonlyreceivedhisdegreeherebutmoreimportantly,hemethisgraciouswifehere.

Iwanttothankthestudentsforgivingmethechancetomeetwithyou,thechancetotalkalittlebitaboutmecountryandanswersomeofyourquestions.

Thestudentsandreputationofthisuniversityareknownaroundtheworld,andIknowwhatanachievementitistobehere.So,congratulations.Idon’tknowifyouknowthisornot,butmywifeandIhavedaughterswhoareincollege,justlikeyou.OnegoestotheuniversityofTexas.OnegoestoYale.Theyaretwins.Andweareproudofourdaughters,justlikeyourparentsareproudofyou,Iamsure.

Thisparagraphcanbedividedintothefollowingsensegroups:

Thankyouforyourhospitality.I’mgladtobehere.

ThepresidentHuwasastudentinthisuniversity.

IamproudofmytwinsdaughtersjustlikeyourparentsbecausetheQinghuauniversity

isaworldfamousuniversityandisoneofthebestinChina.

Ifyoumakeadivisioninthisway,alongparagraphwillbeeasytounderstandandread.

1.1CultureandCommunication

Initially,HallandtheotheranthropologistsontheFSIstafftaughttheirtraineesabouttheconceptofculture,andaboutthemacro-leveldetailsofspecificculturessuchastheirkinshipstructureandsocialinstitutions.ThediplomatsanddevelopmenttechniciansstudyingatFSIwereunderwhelmedbythisratherconventionalanthropologicalapproach.Hall（1959,p.32）noted:

“Thereseemedtobeno‘practical’valueattachedtoeitherwhattheanthropologistdidorwhathemadeofhisdiscoveries.”ThetraineescomplainedtoHallthatwhattheanthropologiststoldthemaboutworkingwiththeNavajowasoflittlevaluetothembecausetheUnitedStatesdidnothaveanembassyontheNavajoReservation（Hall,1959）.TheFSItraineesinsistedthattheyneededtounderstandhowtocommunicateeffectivelywithindividualswhohadadifferentculturethantheirown.Hall（1959）concluded:

“Byandlarge,itisuselesstodealwithcultureonthemetalevel.”

HallbegantomeeteveryweekdayafternoonwithGeorgeTragertodiscusshowtoreconceptualizetheanthropologycurriculumatFSI（Hall,1992;Sorrells,1998）,thusbringingtogetherlinguisticandanthropologicalperspectivesintoanintellectualconvergencethateventuallybecameknownasinterculturalcommunication.Outoftheirjointwork,HallandTrager（1953）wroteaForeignServiceInstitutetrainingmanual,TheAnalysisofCulture,inwhichtheycreateda10by10matrixformappingagivenculturealongcertaindimensions（thismatrixisreproducedinHall’s[1959,pp.190-191]TheSilentLanguage）.

Halltrained2,000peopleattheFSIoverafive-yearperiod,mainlyinbatchesof30to35.Themethodsoftrainingwerehighlyparticipatoryandexperiential.Hallde-emphasizedlisteningtolecturesandreadingbooksasameansofunderstandinginterculturalcommunication.Hallgainedusefulclassroomexamplesofinterculturalcommunicationfromhistrainees,manyofwhomalreadyhadextensiveinternationalexperience.FurtherinsightsandteachingexampleswereobtainedbyHall’stravelstovisithisformertraineesintheiroverseasassignments.Whydidthe“intellectualCamelot”forinterculturalcommunicationatFSIendin1955?

TheForeignServiceInstitutewasembeddedwithintheU.S.DepartmentofState,withthepurposeoftrainingForeignServicepersonnel.FSIwasonepartofagovernmentbureaucracy,andtheanthropologistsandlinguiststeachingatFSIhaddifficultiesindealingwiththerestoftheU.S.StateDepartment,whichwassuspiciousoftheenclaveofacademicsatFSI.Hall（1992,p.202）remembersthat“MymessagewasfrequentlymisunderstoodandactivelyresistedbymostoftheadministratorsaswellasthemembersoftheForeignService.”Eventually,theStateDepartmentdecidedto“cleanouttheanthropologists”fromtheForeignServiceInstitute.WiththedepartureofHallandTrager,andothers,thebriefwindowofacademiccreativitythathadflourishedattheFSIfrom1951to1955closed.Theintellectualcenterofinterculturalcommunicationmovedelsewhere,eventually（adecadeorsolater）touniversity-baseddepartmentsofcommunication.Oneofthemostimportantmeansofdisseminatingtheelementsoftheoriginalparadigmforinterculturalcommunication,workedoutattheForeignServiceInstitute,wasviaHall’s（1959）importantbook,TheSilentLanguage.

1.2TransformationplusReordering

Afterdecomposingtheoriginalsentenceintoseveralmeaningfulgroups,thetransformationandreconstructioncanbecarriedoutinthemeantime.BecausethecomponentsofaChinesesentencearemoreofteninterconnectedthroughinternallogicalrelationshipinsteadofbymarkedlinguisticdenotations,thesequenceofthecomponentsthatindicatestheinternalLogicdeservesthetranslator’scautiousconsideration.Basingonthegivenpurpose,supplewaysandmeansofjournalistictranslationareadmittedbySkopostheoryatlexicallevels.

Allinall,theSkopostheory,putforwardbyaGerman,iswidelyusedintheprocessoftranslationandwidenspeople’straditionaleyescopeontranslationmethodsandbringsthedebateontranslationstandardstoahighlevel.

Toresearchontranslationsofnewsreportwiththeskopostheoryprimarilyaimsatprovidingmoredetailsaboutthegreattheoryinorderthateverybodycouldusethetheoryintheirtranslationpractice.ThisthesisistheveryonetoprovidenewperspectivetotheapplicationofskopostheoriestothetranslationsofNewsreport.Itaimstomakethebestuseofthistheoryinthecommonpracticeonthegenre.

2Translations

ThentransformthesensegroupsintoChinesecounterpartsandsimultaneouslyrecorderthemaccordingtoChinesenormsofthesequenceoftimeorthelogic.Ifanyofasentencelostitslogic,thesentencecouldnotbemadeinanycase.Consequ