轮机英语评估.docx
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轮机英语评估
轮机英语听力与会话三版口述和问答题答案
1.Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternneartheshipbottom.Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainengine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Themainengine,alsocalledthemainpropulsionplant,isthelargestandmostimportantone.Themodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceremainingunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS.
1.Themaindifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengineinclude:
1)thecombustionmediumofadieselengineisdieseloilorfueloil,whilethatforagasolineengineisgasoil.2)thedieselengineisignitedthroughcompressionofhot,highpressureoil/airmixture,butthegasolineengineisignitedbyelectricalsparkplug.3)fordieselengine,theairandoilismixedinsidethecylinder,whileforgasolineengine,theyaremixedoutsidethecylinder.
2.First,Iwilltellthecadettheimportancetheengineroom.Second,Ishouldintroducethevariousmachineryandsystemsintheengineroom,suchasthemainengine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Third,Iwillshowhimhowtooperatethevariousequipmentanddevicessafely,andintroduceasmuchsafetyknowledgeasIcan.
3.sameasquestionNo2.
4.Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsystemincludevariousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock,intermediatebearingsandthesterntubebearing.Thepropellerconsistofabosswithseveralblades,.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoshipstructure.
5.Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedfourenginesrunning.Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itrequiretwoenginesrunning.Whiletheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequiement.Thatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleengines,orfourenginesaccordingtheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginserunning,whieitapproachesthewharf,ithastwo.
6.Thestructureofthemainengineisasfollows:
theconstructionmainlyincludebedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.Thecrankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirdersofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframesthereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesandcylinderblocksaresecuredtogetherbylongtie-rods.Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.
7.Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcriticalpartsoftheengine.Accordingtothespecificconditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsionforces.
8.Pistonscanbedividedintotwomainclasses:
thecrossheadtypepistonsandthetrunktypepistons.Thetopsurfaceofthecrossheadpistoncanbeflat,sunkenorconvex.Thepistonshownintheillustrationisthecrossheadtypepistonwithasunkensurface.Ithastheadvantageofincreasingtheairturbulanceandimporvingtheoil/airmixingquality.Itsdisadvantageisthatthecylindervolumetricclearancewillbelarger.
9.Thepistonringsshownintheillustrationhastheshapeofrectangleortrapezoid.Someofthemareroundedontheexternaltoporbottomedges.Amongthesepistonrings,No.1andNo.2aresealingrings,No.3andNo.4arescraperrings,whiletheNo.5isadistributorring.Generally,eachpistonisprovidedwithfiveorsixpistonrings.
10.Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:
atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderlinerwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevaroiusmovingpartsenabletheformationofanoilfilmwhichreducesfrictionandwear.
三.A
1Inordertoensurethesafenavigationoftheship,frequentcommunicationbetweentheengineersandofficersisnecessary.Theusualmeansofcommunicationisbytelephoneandtelegraph.Ifthecommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridgefails,theshipwillbeendangered.Therecordsofcommunicationshouldbemaintainedwhichwillprovideevidenceintheeventofanaccidentatsea.Noonreportisalsoagoodmeansofcommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridge.
4Atthecompletionofthewatch,eachmemberofwatchkeepingshouldhandovertohisrelief,ensuringthatthereliefiscompetenttotakeoverandcarryouthisdutieseffectively.Beforegoingoffduty,theengineerinchargeofthewatchshallensurethatalleventsrelatedtothemainandauxiliarymachineryaresuitalbyrecorded.Heshouldtelltherelievingengineerthestandingorders,specialintructionsandunfinishedwork,ifany.Ifhehasanyreasontobelievethattherelievingengineerisnotcapableofcarryingoutthewatchkeepingdutieseffectively,heshallnothandoverthewatchandthechiefengineershallbenotified.
四
1LastyearwhenIworkedonabulkcarrier,Ifoundtheexhausttemperatureofthemainengineisrisingquickly.Therewasafireinthescavengeairbox.Theenginewassloweddown.Thefuelwasshutofffromtheaffectedcylinders.Iopenedwidetheinletvalveofthecoolingwater.Thedutymotormanincreasedthecylinderlubrication.Thefirequicklyburntout.
2Intheeventofsuddenstoppageofthemainengine,thepossiblecausemaybethesafetyprotectionsystemfunctioning,duetolowlubeoilpressure,fueloilbreakdown,blackout,overspeedandsoon.Generally,weshouldtakethefollowingactions:
first,wewillcarefullyexaminethemainengineandfindthecauses.Second,wewilltakemeasurestoremedythetrouble.Third,wewillresetandrestartthemainengine.
3Iftheturbochargersurges,thepossiblecausesincludehighbackpressureofexhaustmanifoldandlowflowingquantity,rapidchangeinload,insufficientfueloil,badcombustion,scavengefireandsoon.Intheeventofturbochargersurge,wewillslowdownthemainengine,findthecauses,anddosomeremedies.
8Whenwestarttheemergencygenerator,weshouldtakethefollowingsteps.First,checkthelubeoilandfueloillevels,aswellasthewaterlevel.Second,theselectingswitchwillchangeoverfrom“automatic”to“manual”.Third,pushthestartingbutton,andcheckthevoltageandfrequency.
9Themaintennaceworkofemergencybatteryinclude:
1)checktheelectrolytelevel.2)keeptheemergencybatteryclean.3)measurethevoltageofthebattery.4)measurethespecificgravityoftheelectrolyte.5)periodicallychargeanddischargethebatterysoastoprotecttheplateelectrode.
11Fireisaconstanthazardatsea.Itistheresultofacombinationofthreefactors,namely,inflammablematerial,hotspot,andoxygen.Accordingtothematerialinvolved,firescanbedividedintofourclasses:
.Forexample,burninglightmetalswillbeclassifiedasClassD,burningelectricequipmentclassifiedasClassC,burningoilsisClassB,andburningwood,ClassA.
17Intheeventofcollision,thebridgewillinformthecaptainandtheengineroomimmediately.Thebridgeshouldtelltheengineroomthestrikingposition,damageextentandsoon.Theengineroomshouldtakemeasuresaccordingly.Incaseofengineroomflooding,theengineroompersonnelshouldreporttothebridge,andtakeactionsaccordingtothemusterlist.
20Themusterlistisanimportantdocumentonboard.Ittellsthecrewmemberstheirpositionanddutiesinemergencysituations,suchasfire,collision,oilspill,abandoningship,shipgroundingandsoon.Forexample,incaseofflooding,thechiefengineershouldgototheengineroomandbeingeneralcommand.Thesecondengineershouldmaneuverthemainengine.Someothermembersshouldgotostopthefloodingandsoon.
21Onceacontainershipcollidedwithabulkcarrier.Thecaptainofthecontainershipdecidedtoabandontheshipsinceitwasindangerofsinking.Theengineroompersonnelstoppedtheengine,cutofftheelectricsupply,closedtheventilators,releasedthecompressedairandsteam.Thechiefengineercollectedtheimportantdocumentsandallengineroomstaffevacuatedfromtheengineroom.
23Themaintenanceworkofthelifeboatenginemainlyinclude:
1)checkthevariousoillevelsandwaterlevels.2)startthelifeboatengineonceeveryweek,makeitrunforaboutfiveminutes.3)protecttheenginefromfreezingwithanti-freezingfluid.
24SOPEPstandsforShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlan.Itsmaincontentsincludethepersontobecontactedincaseofoilspill,hiscontactingmethodssuchasphonenumberandadress,theproceduretobeadoptedincaseofoilspill,suchasthedisposalmethods,anti-pollutionequipmentandmaterials.
25Thematerialsusedforoilspillagemainlyincludethefollowing:
1)thematerialusedforcleaningupspilledoil,forexample,theoilabsorbentsuchassawdustandoilfelt.2)Thematerialforpreventingsplitoilfromspreadingout,suchasoilbooms.Oildispersentisseldomusedsinceitmustgettheapprovalfromtheportadministrationandmaycausesecondarypollution.
27Intheeventofamanfallingoverboard,thepersonwhoseetheaccidentmustshoutforhelp,informthebridge,th