职称英语考试理工类新增文章内容.docx

职称英语考试理工类新增文章内容.docx

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职称英语考试理工类新增文章内容

第十一篇WhenourEyesServeourStomach

Oursensesaren'tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat'sgoingonintheworld;they'reaffected

bywhat'sgoingoninotirheads,Anewstudyfindsthathungrypeopleseefood-relatedwords

moreclearlythanpeoplewho'vejusteaten.

Psychologistshaveknownfordecadesthatwhat'sgoingon,insideourheadaffectsoursenses.

Forexample,poorercliildrenthinkcoinsarelargerthantheyare,andhungrypeoplethinkpicturesoffoodarebrighter,RemiRadelofUniversityofNiceSopbia-Antipolis,France,wantedtoinvestigatehowthishappens.Doesithappenrightawayasthebrainreceivessignalsfromtheeyesoralittlelaterasthebrain'shigh-levelthinkingprocessesgetinvolved.

Radelrecruited42studentswithanormalbodymassindex.Onthedayofhisorherrest,eachstudentwastoldtoarriveatthelabatnoonafterthreeorfourhoursofnoteating.Thentheywere

toldtherewasadelay.Someweretoldtocomebackin10minutes;othersweregivenanhourto

getlunchfirst.Sohalfthestudentswerehungrywhentheydidtheexperimentandtheotherhalfhadjusteaten.

Fortheexperiment,theparticipantlookedatacomputerscreen.Onebyone,80wordsflashed

onthescreenforabout1/300thofasecondeach.Theyflashedatsosmallasizethatthestudents

couldonlyconsciouslyperceive.Aquarterofthewordswerefood-related.Aftereachword,eachpersonwasaskedhowbrightthewordwasandaskedtochoosewhichoftwowordsthey'dseen-afood-relatedwordlikecakeoraneutralwordlikeboat.Eachwordappearedtoobrieflyfortheparticipanttoreallyreadit.

Hungrypeoplesawthefood-relatedwordsasbrighterandwerebetteratidentifyingfood-relatedwords.Becausethewordappearedtooquicklyforthemtobereliablyseen,thismeansthatthedifferenceisinperceptionnotinthinkingprocesses,Radelsays.

"Thisissomethinggreattome,Humanscanreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor.Fromtheexperiment,1knowthatourbraincanreallybeatthedisposalof6ourmotivesand

needs,"Radelsays.

词汇：

thresholdn.起点，开端；门槛disposaln.处理，处置：

配置

neutraladj.中性的；中立的motiven.动机，目的

strivev.努力.力求：

斗争

注释：

1.Oursensesaren'tjustdeliveringastrictviewof…inourheads：

这个句子的大概意思是：

我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界；五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。

2.universityofNiceSophia-Antipolis：

法国尼斯·索菲亚·安提波利斯大学t简称尼斯大学1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立。

尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园，另外，还在萦菲亚，安提波利斯市（SophiaAntipolis）、戛纳市（Cannes）和芒东市（Menton）设有校区。

索菲亚·安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多高等学府的所在地。

3.bodymassindex：

身体质量指数

4.atthethresholdof：

当……快要开始时

5.inperception：

感知

6.atthedisposalof：

受到……的控制

练习：

1.WhatdoesthenewstudymentionedinParagraph1find?

AHungrypeopleseeeverywordmoreclearlythanordinarypeople.

BHungrypeoplearealwaysthinkingoffood-relatedwords.

CHungrypeoplearemoresensitivetofood-relatedwordsthanstomach-fullpeople.

DHungrypeopledonothavelower-levelofthinkingprocess.

2.Whywasthereadelayonthedayoftheexperiment?

ABecausehungrypeopleneededtimetofilltheirstomach.

BBecauseRadelwantedtocreatetwogroupsoftestees,hungryandnon-hungry.

CBecausenoonwasnottherighttimeforanyexperiment.

DBecauseRadelneededtimetoselectparticipantsintermsofbodymassindex.

3.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?

AHuman'ssensesaren'tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat'sgoingonintheworld.

BWhat'sperceivedbyoursensesaffectsonrwayofthinking.

CHumanbrainscanreallybeatthedisposalofourmotivesandneeds.

DThinkingprocessesguaranteethenormalfunctionsofoursenses.

4.Whatdidtheresultsoftheexperimentindicate?

A80wordsflashedonthescreentoofastfortheparticipanttointentionallyperceive.

BHungrypeoplewerebetteratidentifyingneutralwords.

CPeoplewhobadjusteatenwerebetteratidentifyingfood-relatedwords.

DTheparticipantscouldbarelyperceivewhattheyneededorwbattheystrivedfor.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A42participantsaretoosmallanumberforaseriousinvestigation.

BAnexperimentwithhungryandnon-hungryparticipantsisnotreliable.

COurthinkingproeessesareindependentofoursenses.

DHumanscanperceivewhattheyneedwithoutinvolvinghigh-levelthinkingprocesses.

答案与题解：

1.C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。

饥肠辘辘的人只是看food-relatedwords比较清楚.选

项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。

选项A说的是everyword.所以不是答

案。

选项B和D文章中没有提到。

2.B答案的根据可在第三段找到。

Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。

然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们10分钟后再来。

他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。

Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。

选项B是答案.

3.C虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节.而非主旨，因此不能选。

本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。

4.A第四段第三行中consciously与A项中的intentionally是同义词。

B项neutral意思为“中性的”在本文中的意思是与food-relatad相对的，即“与食物不相关的”因此是错误选择：

C项不符合课文原意；D项barely意为“仅仅，勉强，几乎没有”因此也不符合句意。

5.D选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项；B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来。

选项D是答案.最后一段第二句的“Humansanreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor”为选择D项提供了依据。

第十九篇MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience

Shimi,amusicalcompaniondevelopedbyGeorgiaTech'sCenterforMusicTechnology,recommendssongs,dancestothebeatandkeepsthemusicpumpingbasedonlistenerfeedback.Thesmartphone-enableds,one-foot-tallrobotisbilledasaninteractive"musicalfriend".

"Shimiisdesignedtochangethewaythatpeopleenjoyandthinkabouttheirmusic,"saidProfessorGilWeinberg,therobot'screator.HewillunveiltherobotattheJune27thGoogleI/OconferenceinSanFrancisco.AbandofthreeShimirobotswillperformforguests,dancinginsyncwithmusiccreatedinthelabandcomposedaccordingtoitsmovements.

Shimiisessentiallyadockingstationwitha"brain"poweredbyanAndroidphone.Oncedockedtherobotgainsthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser'smobiledevice.Inotherwords,ifthere'san"app"forthat,Shimiisready.Forinstance,byusingthephone'scameraandface-detectingsoftware,Shimicanfollowalisteneraroundtheroomandpositionits"ears",orspeakers,foroptimalsound.Anotherrecognitionfeatureisbasedonrhythmandtempo.IftheusertapsabeatShimianalyzesit,scansthephone'smusicallibraryandimmediatelyplaysthesongthatbestmatchesthesuggestions.Oncethemusicstarts,Shimidancestotherbythm.

"Manypeoplethinkthatrobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructioms,"saidMusicTechnologyPh.D.candidateMasonBretan,"Shimishowsusthatrobotscanbecreativeandinteractive."FutureappsintheworkswillallowtheusertoshaketheirheadindisagreementorwaveahandintheairtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsongorincrease/decreasethevolume.Therobotwillalsohavethecapabilitytorecommendnewmusicbasedontheuser'ssongchoicesandprovidefeedbackonthemusicplaylist.

WeinberghopesotherdeveloperswillbeinspiredtocreatemoreappstoexpandShimi'sreativeandinteractivecapabilities."Ibelievethatourcenterisaheadofarevolutionthatwillseemorerobotsinhomes."Weinbergsaid,

WeinbergisintheprocessofcommercializingShimithroughanexclusivelicensingagreementwillGeorgiaTech.Weinberghopestomaketherobotavailabletoconsumersbythe2013holidayseason."Ifrobotsaregoingtoarriveinhomes,wethinkthattheywillbethiskindofmachines-small,entertainingandfun,"Weinbergsaid."Theywillenhanceyourlifeandpavethewayformoreintelligentservicerobotsinourlives.

词汇:

pumpv.用抽水机抽：

不断播放（音乐）scanv.扫描；浏览

syncn.同步，同时；iv.使同步skipv.轻跳，跳跃

tempon.速度；节奏

注释：

1.GeorgiaTech：

全称是GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology，佐治亚理工学院，建于1885年，位于亚特兰大市中心。

佐治亚理工学院是美国南部最大的公立理工学院，也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一排名仅次于麻省理工学院（MTT）和加州理工学院（CalTech）。

2.pump：

不断播放（音乐）。

例如：

Thisradiostationrecentlypumpsoutpopmusic.（这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐。

）

3.smartphone-enabled：

由智能手机系统支持的

4.isbilledas：

相当于isadvertisedas,意为“被标榜为”

5.dockingstation：

插接站，扩充基座，扩展插口

6.Android：

（科幻小说里的）机器人。

本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种

以Linus为基础的开放源代码操作系统，通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备。

目前Android

尚未有统一中文译名,国内较多人翻译成“安卓”或”安致”。

据2012年2月数据，Android

占据全球智能手机操作系统市场52.5%的份额，中国市场占有率为68.4%。

7.dock：

对接

8.thesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilities：

传感和音乐生成能力

9.app：

应用程序（=application）

10.iftheusertapsabeat：

如果用户打出某个（音乐）拍子

11.intheworks：

正在准备阶段：

在进行中或准备中

12.intelligentservicerobots：

智能服务型机器人

练习：

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs?

AShimiisaone-foottallrobot.

BShimiisthecreatorofthemusicalcompanion.

CShimiisadockingstationwitha"brain"poweredbyanAndroidphone.

DShimicangaintbesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser'smobiledevice.

2.WhatdoesShimidoiftheusertapsabeat?

AItstoresthebeatinthemusicallibrary.

BIttransmitsthebeattothedockingstation.

CItPositionsitsspeakersforoptimalsound.

DItselectsaperfectly-matchedsongandplaysitinsyncwithalatbeat.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutShimiistrue?

ARobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,andShimiisnoexception.

BPresentappsallowtheusertoshaketheirheadtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsong.

CExistingappsallowtheusertowaveabandtoalertShimitoturnup/downthevolume.

DShimicanbecreativeandinteractive._

4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?

ATheresearchcenterisdevelopingastrongerandmoreversatileShimi.

BWeinbergonlyexpectsstaffsfromGeorgiaTech.todevelopmoreappsforShimi.

CShimiisnotyettechnologicallyreadyforcommercialization.

DRobotssuchasShimiarecreatedforlargecorporationsratherthanhomes.

5.WhichofthefollowingisWeinberg'sassertion?

AShimiasaroboticmusicalcompanioncanbeappliedtoalltypesofsmartphones.

BhumanliveswillbefilledwithmorefunifShimiisgo