八年级英语语法专项II.docx

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八年级英语语法专项II

八年级英语语法专项II

动词

一.动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词,它分为行为动词,系动词、助动词和情态动词,动词种类多,变化又复杂,是学习英语的难点之一,下面根据动词的特点进行归类,并提供一些辨别方法,以便于理解和掌握。

1.行为动词在动词中数量最多,它含有实在的意义(又叫实义动词),表示动作或状态,在句中可以单独作谓语,行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面必须加宾语,意义才完整,不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语,常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。

eg:

WestudyEnglishveryhard.

Shehasabookinherhand.

Thesunrisesintheeast.

2.连系动词本身有一定词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,常见的连系动词有:

be,look,sound,get,become等。

eg:

Myparentsarebothfarmers.

Themilktastesterrible.

Thesongsoundsgood.

3.助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定,时态或其它语法形式。

常见的助动词有:

be,have,do,will,shall等。

eg:

Doyouhaveabrother?

HaveyougotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary?

Ididn’tgotothecinemayesterday.

4.情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话者的语气和情态,情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定,常见的情态动词有:

can,may,must,will,shall,need等。

eg:

CanyousingtheEnglishsong?

Everyonemustgettoschoolontime.

二.动词的时态:

(一)时态概述:

作谓语的动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态,英语中的时态,就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be,have(has)等,用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。

eg:

Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.

Hereadthenewspaperyesterday.

Heisgoingtoreadthenewspapertomorrow.

(二)一般现在时:

1.动词变化:

一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。

在加词尾-s时要注意:

情况

加法

例词

一般情况

加-s

reads,writes,says

以ch,sh,s,x,或o收尾的词

加-es

teaches,washes,guesses,fixes,goes

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词

变y为i再加-es

try-tries

carry-carries

读音:

情况

读法

例词

在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后

[s]

helps,hates,asks,laughs

在[s][z][

][t

][d]等音后

[iz]

faces,rises,wishes,watches,urges

在其他情况下

[z]

plans,cries,shows

2.一般现在时主要表示:

(1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与这样的时间状语连用:

always,often,usually,sometimes等

eg:

Wealwayshelpeachother.

Itoftensnowsinwinter.

Igetupearlyeverymorning.

(2)表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。

eg:

Helovessports.

Janeisanoutgoinggirl.

TomandTimbothhavemediumheight.

(3)表示客观、普遍真理

eg:

Twoandfourmakessix.

Waterboilsat100℃

Themoonmovesroundtheearth.

3.一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do,does的方式构成。

第三人称单数加does,其他加do,这时动词一概用原形;动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。

eg:

DoyoulikeEnglish?

Dotheyhavestorybooks?

Whatdoesshedoeveryevening?

Issheathome?

AreyougoodatEnglish?

4.一般现在时的否定式是donot(don’t)或doesnot(doesn’t)+动词原形来构成的,be动词做谓语动词只需在be后加not构成否定。

eg:

Idon’tlikeorangesatall.

Shedoesn’tworkintheTVstation.

Theyaren’tstudents.

I’mnotbusyeveryweekend.

三.现在进行时:

1.动词变化:

现在进行时由“am/is/are+动词现在分词”构成。

加-ing的规则如下:

(1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。

如:

stay-stayingdo-doing

listen-listeningsuffer-suffering

work-workingspend-spending

look-looking

(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing。

如:

make-makingtake-taking

give-givingride-riding

please-pleasingrefuse-refusing

close-closingoperate-operating

(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。

如:

put-puttingsit-sitting

run-runningwin-winning

begin-beginning

2.现在进行时的用法

(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和now,atpresent,atthemoment等时间状语连用。

有时用一个动词,如look(看),listen(听)。

eg:

Whatareyoureadingnow?

Listen!

Someoneissingingintheclassroom.

(2)表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

eg:

Theyareworkinginafactorythesedays.

Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsmoking.

(3)表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。

现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,即可以用来代替将来时。

eg:

Whenareyouleaving?

AreyougoingtoTibettomorrow?

3.现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。

否定句在be(am,is,are)后面加not;疑问句把be动词移到主语前。

eg:

Iamnotworking.

Whatareyoureadingnow?

Howareyoufeelingtoday?

Thetrainisn’tarrivingsoon.

四.一般过去时:

1.动词变化:

一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态,在句中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。

构成规则

原形

过去式

一般在动词末尾加-ed

work

plant

play

worked

planted

played

结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d

like

live

change

liked

lived

changed

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed

plan(计划)

stop

drop

planned

stopped

dropped

以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i再加-ed

carry

study

cry

carried

studied

cried

否定式

疑问式

否定疑问式

简单回答

Ididnotwork.

DidIwork?

DidInotwork?

Yes,youdid.

No,youdidn’t.

Youdidnotwork.

Didyouwork?

Didyounotwork?

Yes,Idid.

No,Ididn’t.

He/She/Itdidnotwork.

Didhe/she/itwork?

Didhe/she/itnotwork?

Yes,he/she/it/did.

No,he/she/itdidn’t.

Wedidnotwork.

Didwework?

Didwenotwork?

Yes,youdid.

No,youdidn’t.

Youdidnotwork.

Didyouwork?

Didyounotwork?

Yes,wedid.

No,wedidn’t.

Theydidnotwork.

Didtheywork?

Didyoutheynotwork?

Yes,theydid.

No,theydidn’t.

2.一般过去时的基本用法:

(1)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。

(eg:

yesterday,lastyear,justnow,twodaysago,intheolddays等)

eg:

Heleftjustnow.

LeiFengwasagoodsoldier.

Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfastthismorning?

(2)表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,这时常和表示频度的状语连用。

eg:

Lasttermweoftendidexperiments.

Healwayswenttoworkbybus.

五.begoingto表示一般将来

1.用法:

表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事,或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很有可能要发生的事情,be随着人称的变化变成(am,is,are)

eg:

Wearegoingtohaveanewsubjectthisyear.

It’sgoingtorainthisafternoon.

I’mgoingtobeapilotwhenIgrowup.

2.begoingto的否定句在be动词后加上not;begoingto的疑问句把be动词移到主语前。

eg:

Heisn’tgoingtoseehisbrothertomorrow.

I’mnotgoingtotellyouaboutit.

Who’sgoingtouseit?

Isyoursistergoingtobringyourlunch?

WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday.

【模拟试题】(答题时间:

70分钟)

一.改错:

例1:

Therosedarkred.→Theroseisdarkred.

1.Heverylikesswimming.

2.Hecanhelpsyou.

3.Wehaven’tagoodtime.

4.Whatareyoudoafterschooleveryday?

5.SometimesIlistenmusic.sometimesIplayoutside.

6.Thefishsmellsnotgood.

7.Weshouldbuysomechicken.Therearelittleleft.

8.Therehavemanybirdsinthesky.

9.Mymother’sglassesisbroken.

10.Apairofshoesarenearlyonethousand.

11.Whatcolourareherhair?

12.Doeshehishomework?

13.A:

Doyoulikeyourclass?

B:

Yes.Ilike.

14.HealwaysdohisshoppingonFridayevening.

15.IverysorryIforgotyourbirthday.

16.Ihavenobrotherandsister.

二.连词组句:

1.listen,morning,the,to,I,radio,the,in,often

2.of,men,nurses,good,sick,hospital,care,in,take,the

3.weekdays,he,the,goes,cinema,never,during,the,to

4.computer,got,new,you,a,have?

5.weekends,he,rest,does,a,got,have,on?

6.good,LiMing,do,and,often,Ideeds

7.museum,they,the,often,science,visit,how,do?

8.the,in,any,there,kitchen,food,is?

9.homework,does,day,when,Tom,his,every,where,and,do?

10.a,there,vegetables,many,but,apples,aren’t,lot,there,of,are,there

三.用括号里的动词的适当形式填空:

1.There(be)______someglassesonit.

2.He(go)______totheparkeveryday.

3.Myuncle(live)______inNanjingnow.

4.______LucyandLily(like)______China?

5.LiLei(notlike)______todrinkorangesoda.

6.Thegirl(go)______homeat4:

30intheafternoon.

7.______Kate(speak)______French?

Yes,shedoes.

8.Jim(notride)______hisbikeoften.

9.Ifhe(be)______freetomorrow,he(go)______withus.

10.Assoonasthey(get)______therenextmonth,he(call)______me.

11.______LiMing’sfather(have)______hislunchathome?

12.Tom(notdo)______themorningexercisesoften.

13.I(be)______hungryandmysister(be)______thirsty.

14.Thebaby(have)______curlyhair.

15.Everybody(have)______achancetowin.

16.I(clean)______myroomonceaweek.

17.Nobody(tell)______themanything.

18.There(be)______alotofchickenontheplate.

19.Mr.Li(teach)______thesecondgrade.

20.Theboy(watch)______TVeveryevening.

21.Mary(play)______theviolinquitewell.

22.David(study)______ChineseandI(study)______English.

23.Thegame(be)______interesting.

24.Manychildren(be)______ontheplayground.

25.He(have)_______agoodtimeatyourparty.

26.I(have)______anewbicycle.

四.用所给词的适当形式填空:

1.Tomandhisfather______(swim)now.

2.Look!

They______(run)alongthestreet.

3.We______(practice)hardthesedaysbecausewewillhaveabigmatchnextmonth.

4.What______he______(do)atnineo’clocklastnight?

5.They______(listen)tothemusicatthattime.

6.Whentheheadmastercamein,thestudents______(read)thetext.

7.We______(watch)TVwhensuddenlythetelephonerang.

8.She______(make)thepaperflowersthewholenight.

9.A:

_______you______(studying)English?

B:

Yes,Iam.

10.Let’sgoout.It______(notrain)now.

11.Hurryup!

Everybody______(wait)foryou.

12.A:

______(you/listen)totheradio?

B:

No,Youcanturnitoff.

13.I______(watch)TVatseveno’clockyesterdayevening.

14.A:

What______(you/look)for?

B:

I______(look)formywallet.Thereissomethingimportantinit.

15.Look.It______(rain)hard.We’llgetwetifwegoout.

五.选词填空:

(一)选词填空:

1.I______(am,is,was,were)busylastweek.

2.TomandI______(am,are,was,were)lateforschoolyesterday.

3.I______(walk,walks,walked,walking)toschooltheotherday.

4.Rose______(doesnot,didn’t,hasbeen,hasto)visitherunclethemonthbeforelast(month)

5.There______(is,was,are,were)alotofpeopleinthisvillagetenyearsago.

6.Mother______(am,is,was,were)illinbedlastnight.

7.It______(rain,rains,rained,raining)alotlastyear.

(二)用括号中动词的适当形式填空:

1.MyuncleinLondon______(send)abirthdaypresenttomeyesterday.

2.When______(be)youborn?

3.Assoonashearrivedinthecountry,he______(phone)me.

4.WhenI______(knock)athisdoor,hewascooking.

5.WewerewatchingTVwhenthelight______(go)out.

6.Hesaidhe______(notlike)mathsatall.

(三)用括当的词完成下列句子。

1.______youmakethiscakelastnight?

Yes.Idid.I_______itforyou.

2.DidTom_______homeatfiveyesterday?

No,he_______.Hecamehomeatsix.

3.What_______you_______atthestore?

Iboughtacamera.

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