Religion in the United Kingdom.docx

Religion in the United Kingdom.docx

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ReligionintheUnitedKingdom

ReligionintheUnitedKingdom

（Diversity,TrendsandDecline）

http:

//www.vexen.co.uk/UK/religion.html

学院：

外国语学院

班级：

0803

姓名及学号：

吴琼020801089

杜蓓蓓020801069

高秋婷020801070

邱雨020801081

Adherents

%pop

Christian1

42079000

71.6

Noreligion（inc.Jedis）1

9104000

15.5

Muslim2

1546626

2.7

Hindu2

552421

1.0

JediKnight1

390000

0.7

Sikh2

329358

0.6

Jewish2

259927

0.5

Buddhist2

144453

0.3

Spiritualist

32404

Pagan

30569

Jainism

15132

Wicca

7227

Rastafarians

4692

Baha'i

4645

Zoroastrians

3738

Christadelphian

2368

Druidism

1657

Pantheism

1603

Satanism

1525

NewAge

906

Eckankar

426

RajaYoga

261

NativeAmericanChurch

234

Vodun（Vodoo）

123

Occult

99

AncestorWorship

98

FreeChurchofLove

49

Amish

24

Other1

179000

0.3

Totalreligious

45163000

76.8

Noanswer1

4289000

7.3

Withover170distinctreligionscountedinthe2001Census,thereligiousmake-upoftheUKisdiverse,complex,multiculturalandsurprising.LessthanhalfoftheBritishpeoplebelieveinaGod,yetabout72%toldthe2001censusthattheywereChristian,and66%ofthepopulationhavenoactualconnectiontoanyreligionorchurch,despitewhattheytendtowritedownonofficialforms.Between1979and2005,halfofallChristiansstoppedgoingtochurchonaSunday.ReligioninBritainhassufferedanimmensedeclinesincethe1950s,andallindicatorsshowacontinuedsecularisationofBritishsocietyinlinewithotherEuropeancountriessuchasFrance.

1OrganizedReligioninEngland

2TheImportanceofReligion

2.1TheImportanceofReligiontotheBritishPublic

2.2ComparedtoOtherCountries

3ChristianityistheEstablishedReligionintheUK

4BeliefinGod

5IgnoranceofReligion

6ChurchAttendanceintheUK

7The2001NationalCensusresultsonReligion

8BeliefinVariousReligiousandSpiritualThings

9MinorityReligionsinBritain

9.1.Heathens

9.2.JediKnights

9.3.Satanists

9.4.WiccaandPaganism

10FaithSchools

11ChurchofEngland

11.1DidtheEnglishEverBelonginChurch?

11.2TheFinancialSituationofaDoomedChurch

12SundayAttendance

13ChurchMembership

14Ministers

15Churches|Congregations

16ReligiousAdherents1975to2001

17PercentageRateofChangePerYear

18PercentofAnglicanBaptismsofNewborn

19PercentofCofEConfirmationsWithinPopulation

20ChurchofEnglandCollegesandSchools

21PercentCrematedintheUK

1.OrganizedReligioninEngland

Summary:

∙66%oftheUKpopulationhavenoconnectionwithanyreligionorchurch3.

∙18%oftheBritishpublicsaytheyareapracticingmemberofanorganizedreligion4.

Thecomprehensiveprofessionalresearchin2006byTearfundfoundthattwothirds（66%-32.2millionpeople）intheUKhavenoconnectionwithanyreligionorchurch3.In2003August,18%oftheBritishpublicsaidtheywereapracticingmemberofanorganizedreligion,25%theyweremembersofaworldreligion4.Accordingtotheseresults,onefifthofself-declaredmemberswouldalsonotdescribethemselvesaspracticingthatreligion.Presumablytheothersremainmembersfortraditionalreasonsorduetosocialpressure.

“Thissecularmajoritypresentsamajorchallengetochurches.Mostofthem-29.3million-areunreceptiveandclosedtoattendingchurch;churchgoingissimplynotontheiragenda.”

Tearfund（2007）on2006research3

1964

1970

1983

1992

2005

Belongtoareligionandattendservices

74%

71%

55%

37%

31%

Doesnotbelong

3%

5%

26%

31%

38%

Source:

BritishSocialAttitudes（2006/7）5

Thosewho'donotbelong'havefirstshedthepracticalandtheoreticalunderpinningsoftheirreligion,beforefinallyovercomingsocialpressuretostate'your'religion.Therearemanywhoarenotatthelaterstagesofthissecularisationprocess,sotheystillsaythey'belong',althoughtheyareintheprocessofforgetting&discardingthephysicalandmentalaspectsofwhattheysaytheybelongto.Sociologistsknowthatiftheycountheadsandaskaboutbeliefs,morepeoplesaytheybelongtoareligion,andsaytheyhavethebeliefsofaparticularreligion,thanactuallydo.Peopleover-statetheirownreligiosity;that'swhystatisticsfrompollswilloftengivehigherpercentagesof'believers'thanwillhead-countinganddeeperinvestigations.

Inalarge2006Augustpollofyear9and10teenagersinCornwall,only19%saidthatthey'haveareligiousfaith'6.Itseemscertainthatiftheseteenagersreflectthefuture（only22%saidtheybelieveinGod）,religiousaffiliationisgoingtocontinuetodrop.AwidermoripollcommissionedbytheBritishLibraryfoundthatnearlyhalfofteenagersinBritainareatheists（2007）7.

OrganizedreligionintheUKhasseverelydeclinedtothepointwhereitisgenerallyoverlookedandignored.TheculturalattachmenttoChristianityingeneralliveson,butMonicaFurlonginher2002comprehensivereviewofthestateofEnglishreligionsummarizestheEnglishinthesamewayasGraceDavieswhowrote"ReligioninBritainsince1945"bysayingtheEnglish"believewithoutbelonging"toourreligions.Thatis,manyprofessbeliefbutdonottakepartinorganizedreligion.Subsequentscholars（andwewillseesupportingevidenceonthispage）havedoubtedwhetherwebelieve;onesaidwe"don'tbelieve,anddon'tbelong".TheCatholicChurchhasshoulderedthemainpartofthisdecline,aswellastheChurchofEnglandascanbeseenintherestofthehistoricalstatsonthispage.

“Inthetwentyyearsbetween1980and2000theChurchofEnglandsuffereda27percentdeclineinchurchmembership.TheRomanCatholicChurchsufferedasimilardeclineinthesameperiodinmassattendance.Methodists,Baptistsandotherssuffereddeclinetoo,thoughinallthechurches,itmustbesaid,therehavebeensignificantsuccessesincertainchurchesandparticularenterprises.TheonlyinstitutionalchurchwhichhascontinuedtogrowhasbeentheOrthodoxChurch-GreekandRussian-wheredemandforchurchesexceedssupply,mainlybecauseofimmigrationfromOrthodoxcountries.

Thereisarathertouchingfootnotetoallthis,whichisthatpeoplequestionedabouthowmuchtheygotochurch,givefigureswhich,iftrue,wouldadduptotwicethosegivenbythechurches.”

"CofE:

TheStateIt'sIn"byMonicaFurlong（2000）8

“'Catholics',thelargestgroup,estimatedtonumberaboutamillionbytheyear2000aredecliningthefastest,butwhatdemandsnoticeisthatcharismaticEvangelicals,stilloneofthesmallergroupsintheChurch,aregrowingrapidly-byaround6,000everyfiveyears.EvangelicalChristians,accordingtothenomenclatureofReligiousTrends,arealsogrowingandmovinguptowardsthehalfmillionmark.Theselasttwogroupsareundeniablysuccessstoriesnumerically.”

"CofE:

TheStateIt'sIn"byMonicaFurlong（2000）8

Year2000snapshots:

∙In2000,60percentofthepopulationclaimedtobelongtoaspecificreligionwith55percentbeingChristian.However,halfofalladultsaged18andoverwhobelongedtoareligionhaveneverattendedareligiousservice.9

∙48%ofpeopleintheUKclaimtobelongtoareligion,comparedwith86%ofpeopleintheUSand92%ofItalians.FromBBC'sreport"UKis'losing'itsreligion"（2000）10.

∙Churchattendancein1999was7.5%onanaverageSunday,downfrom10%in1989and12%in1979.

Astrangeculturalphenomenonthatoccurswhenastatereligiondiesisthatmanyfamilieswillstatethattheirreligionisthecommonreligion,i.e.,Christian,despitenotbelievinginthebasicsofthatreligion."InstitutionalizedReligionsHaveTheirNumbersInflatedbyNationalPolls"byVexenCrabtree（2009）expandsonthisphenomenon.

2.TheImportanceofReligion

2.1.TheImportanceofReligiontotheBritishPublic

∙17%ofthepopulationrespondedthatreligionwasoneofthemostsignificantfactorsintheirlives.Apersons'ownexperience,parents,educationandfriendscomefirst4.（2003）

∙33%oftheBritishpublicconsiderthat'religionisimportant'11.

∙33%describethemselvesasreligious-63%saytheyarenot12.（2006）

ThosewhodoprofessreligionintheUKarelargelyinactive.A2007pollcommissionedbytheBritishLibraryfoundthat50%ofthem"donotpracticereligionverymuch,ifatall"7,withChristiansbeingthemostinactive.Arunningthemeofallthestatisticswehaveseenonthispageaffirmthatalthoughmanysaytheyarereligioustheyfrequentlyadmittheyarenotpracticing.

2.2.ComparedtoOtherCountries

Of41countriespolled,16mostdevelopedcountrieshavelessthan40%ofthepopulacewhothinkreligionisimportantintheirlives.Therest（includingtheUSataveryhigh60%,andnearlyalldevelopingcountries）hadatleast57%oftheirpopulacewhosaidso.Outofallthecountrieswherethemajorityofthepeopledonotconsiderreligionimportant,NorthernIrelandistheonlycountrywhichexperiencesaconflictcloselytiedwithreligion.TheUSAstandsastheonlydevelopedcountrythatisgenerallyreligious.11

3.ChristianityistheEstablishedReligionintheUK

OnesinglegeneraltrendcanbebroughtoutofallthestatisticsofreligiousbeliefintheUK:

Ourpopulationismostlyirreligious,innocentandignorantofreligion,anddespitesomedefaultingtocallingthemselves"Christian"（71%）,thecountryisnotChristiandespiteavague50%lingeringbeliefinaGodofsomesort.Justover6%ofthepopulationgotochurchonaSunday6（forevery6whodo,94donot）.

“Manypeoplearebroughtup,aspartoftheirfamily,tosaythattheyareChristiandespiteonlyhavingaprecursoryknowledgeofChr