全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember___1___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain___2___,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."___3___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea（n）___4___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___5___.

Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It___6___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___7___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___8___.Thinkingisessentiallya___9___ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto___10___inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.___11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___12___mentaleffort.

Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___13___anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___14___.

TheWeb-basedprogram___15___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___16___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___17___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___18___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___19___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea（n）___20___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.

1.

A.where

B.when

C.that

D.why

2.

A.improves

B.fades

C.recovers

D.collapses

3.

A.If

B.Unless

C.Once

D.While

4.

A.uneven

B.limited

C.damaging

D.obscure

5.

A.wellbeing

B.environment

C.relationship

D.outlook

6.

A.turns

B.finds

C.points

D.figures

7.

A.roundabouts

B.responses

C.workouts

D.associations

8.

A.genre

B.functions

C.circumstances

D.criterion

9.

A.channel

B.condition

C.sequence

D.process

10.

A.persist

B.believe

C.excel

D.feature

11.

A.Therefore

B.Moreover

C.Otherwise

D.However

12.

A.accordingto

B.regardlessof

C.apartfrom

D.insteadof

13.

A.back

B.further

C.aside

D.around

14.

A.sharpness

B.stability

C.framework

D.flexibility

15.

A.forces

B.reminds

C.hurries

D.allows

16.

A.hold

B.track

C.order

D.pace

17.

A.to

B.with

C.for

D.on

18.

A.irregularly

B.habitually

C.constantly

D.unusually

19.

A.carry

B.put

C.build

D.take

20.

A.risky

B.effective

C.idle

D.familiar

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitandthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon,”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.”Help?

Really？

Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”–protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

Losingajobishurting:

youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:

ajob.

ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency–permanentdependencyifyoucangetit–supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.

21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto______.

[A]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily

[B]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits

[C]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking

[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits

22.Thephrase“tosignon”（Line3,Para.2）mostprobablymeans______.

[A]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment

[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance

[C]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre

[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram

23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel______.

[A]insulted

[B]uneasy

[C]enraged

[D]guilty

25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

[B]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.

[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

[D]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

Text2

Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:

afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.

26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto______.

[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients

[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation

[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms

[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards

27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmer