高级英语.docx

高级英语.docx

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高级英语

TextBook

《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社

Title

Unit6

DisappearingThroughtheSkylightByOsborneBennetHardisonJr.

TeachingAims

1.ImprovingReadingSkills—understandingapieceofexpositoryscientificwriting

2.EnrichingVocabulary—cultureandtechnology

3.ImprovingWritingskills–Writeclearly,concisely,objectively

TeachingActivities

Vocabulary

1hour

TextAnalysis

6hours

Discussion

0.5hour

Practice

3hours

TeachingProcess

I.Warmingup

II．IntroductiontoAdditionalBackgroundKnowledge

III.TextAnalysis

1.IntroductiontothePassage

2.EffectiveWritingSkills

3.RhetoricalDevices

4.SpecialDifficulties

IV.Questions

Assignment

Writeacompositionon“TheImpactofScienceandTechnologyonOurSociety.”

ReferenceBooks

1.Anystandardencyclopedia

TeachingActivities

Vocabulary

1.Payattentiontowordsandexpressionsinthefollowingaspectsrespectively:

✧SpellingandPronunciation

✧synonyms

✧Opposites

✧Similarwordsandexpressions

✧Settledorhabitualusage

2.Wordbuildingknowledge

TeachingProcess（1.Warmingup）

Question1

Whathascomputerbroughtus?

Question2

WhataresomeoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofScienceandtechnology/

Question3

Howtosolvetheproblemstechnologyhasbroughtus?

Question4

Howtodealwiththeconflictbetweendevelopmentandreservation?

TeachingProcess（2.IntroductiontoAdditionalBackgroundKnowledge）

1.Lysenko:

TrofimDenisovichLysenko（1898---1976）,Russianagronomist.AspresidentoftheLeninAli-UnionAcademyofAgriculturalScienceshebecamethescientificandadministrativeleaderofSovietagriculture.In1937hewasmadeamerebaroftheSupremeSovietandheadoftheInstituteofGeneticsoftheSovietAcademyofSciences.Hefirstbecameknownforhisprocess（vernalization）（种子促熟法）ofmoisteningandrefrigeratingtheseedofspringwheattherebyreputedlyimpartingtoitcharacteristicsofwinterwheat.HebecametheleaderoftheSovietschoolofgeneticsthatopposedthetheoriesofheredityacceptedbymostgeneticistsandsupportedthedoctrinethatcharacteristicsacquiredthroughenvironmentalinfluencesareinherited,Lysenkorejectedneo-Mendelism（孟德尔遗传学说）andwasadiscipleoftheRussianhorticulturist（园艺家）I.V.Michurin.Lysenko’stheorieswereofferedasMarxistorthodoxyandwontheofficialsupport（1948）oftheSovietCentralCommittee.However,theywereseverelycriticizedafterthedeathofStalinin1953,andin1956hewasremovedasdirectoroftheInstituteofGenetics,whichresultedinthereturnofSovietbiologicalthoughttothemainstreamofinternationalscientificideas.

2.FordMotorCompany

:

onectthelargestcarmanufacturingcompanyofAmerica.TheFordMotorCompanywasorganizedbyHenryFord（1863-1947）in1903,inpartnershipwithJamesCouzens,theDodgebrothersandothers.Bycuttingthecostsofproduction,bygainingcontrolofrawmaterialsandthemeansofdistribution,byadaptingtheconveyorbeltandassemblylinetoautomobileproduction,andbyfeaturinganinexpensive,standardizedcar,HenryFordwassoonabletoout-distanceallhiscompetitorsandbecomethelargestautomobileproducerintheworld.Hecametoberegardedastheapostleofmassproduction.

3.Picasso:

PabloPicasso（1881---1973）,Spanishpainterandsculptor,whoworkedinFrance.HewastheleaderoftheSchoolofParisandisgenerallyconsideredinhistechnicalvirtuosity,enormousversatilityandincredibleoriginalityandprolificacytohavebeentheforemostfigurein20thcenturyart,Picasso’sartisticproductionisusuallydescribedintermsofaseriesofoverlappingperiods.Inhis“blueperiod”（1901-4）,hedepictedtheworldofthepoor.ThepaintingsofPicasso’s“roseperiod”（1905-8）oftendealwithcircuslife.In1907,PicassopaintedLesDemoisellesd’Avignon,aradicaldeparturefromtheartisticideasoftheprecedingagesandnowconsideredthemostsignificantworkinthedevelopmenttowardcubismandmodernabstraction.Picasso’scubistworkestablishedfirmlythatthework01artmayexistasasignificantobjectbeyondanyattempttorepresentreality;in1937thebombingoftheSpanishtownofGuermicaimpelledhimtoproducehissecondlandmarkpainting,Guermica,animpassionedallegorical（寓言的、讽喻的）condemnationoffascismandwar.Hispaintingofapeacedovealsobecameverypopular.Hediedattheageof91.ByvirtueofhisvastenergiesandoverwhelmingpowerofinventionPicassoremainsoutstandingamongthemastersoftheages.

4.Dada:

DadaorDadaismwasaninternationalnihilistic（虚无主义的、无政府主义的）movementamongEuropeanartistsandwritersthatlastedfrom1916to1922.Bornofthewidespreaddisillusionment（幻灭、觉醒）engenderedbyWorldWarIitoriginatedinZurich（苏黎世）withthepoetryoftheRumanianTristanTzara,Dadaattackedconventionalstandardsofaesthetics（美学）andbehaviorandstressedabsurdity（荒谬、谬论）andtheroleoftheunpredictableinartisticcreation.InBerlin,Dadahadpoliticalovertones,exemplifiedbythecaricatures（讽刺画、讽刺描述法）ofGeorgeGrosz.TheFrenchmovementwasmoreliteraryinemphasis;itcenteredonTristanTzara,AndreBreton,LouisAragon,JeanArp,MarcelDuchamp,FrancisPicabia,andMonRay.ThelatterthreeartistscarriedthespiritofDadatoNewYorkCity,Dadaprincipleswereeventuallymodifiedtobecomethebasisofsurrealismin1924.TheliterarymanifestationsofDadaweremostlynonsensepoems--meaninglessrandomcombinationsofwords--whichwerereadinpublic.

5.Leonardo:

LeonardodaVinci（1452--1519）,Italianpainter,Sculptor,architect,musician,engineer,andscientist,bornnearVinci,ahillvillageinTuscany.In1466bemovedtoFlorence,whereheenteredtheworkshopofVerrocchio.Earlyinhisapprenticeshiphepaintedanangel,andperhapsportionsofthelandscape,inVerrocchio’sBaptismofChrist.TheculminationofLeonardo’sartduringhisfirstperiodinFlorenceisthemagnificentunfinishedAdorationoftheMagicommissionedin1481bythemonksofSanDonateaScopeto.Inthisworkisrevealedtheintegrationofdramaticmovementandchiaroscurothatcharacterizesthemaster’smaturestyle.HewenttoMilanaround1482andremainedatthecourtofLudovicaSforzafor16years.In1483,Leonardo,withhispupilAmbrogiodepredis,wascommissionedtoexecutethefamousMadonnaoftheRocks.Leonardo’sfrescooftheLastSupper（Milan）wasbegunaround1495andcompletedby1498.AfterthefallofLudovicaSforza（1499）LeonardoleftMilanandreturnedtoFlorence.HereheengagedinmuchtheoreticalworkinmathematicsandpursuedhisanatomicalstudiesatthehospitalofSantaMariaNuera.In1502heenteredtheserviceofCesareBorgiaasamilitaryengineer.In1503hewascommissionedtoexecutethefrescoofthebattleofAnghiaributwasnevercompleted.FromaboutthistimedatesthecelebratedMonaLira,theportraitofthewifeofaFlorentinemerchant.TheoldmasterspenthislastyearsinFranceatthecastleofCloux,nearAmboise.Herehewasleftentirelyfreetopursuehisownresearchesuntilhisdeath.TheversatilityandcreativepowerofLeonardomarkhimasasupremeexampleofRenaissancegenius.Therichnessandoriginalityofintellectexpressedinhisnotebooksrevealoneofthegreatestmindsofalltime.

TextAnalysis（Brief）

IntroductiontothePassage

1.       Thecentralthemeof“disappearance”

--naturedisappears

--historydisappears

--solidbanksdisappears

2.       Thefourimportantideasputforward

--disappearance

--theuniversalizingtendencyofscienceandtechnology

--manasacosmopolitan

--theplayfulnessofscience

3.Clearlyandlogicallyorganized

Effective

WritingSkills

1.       FeaturesofscientificEnglish

--technicaltermssuchasthermodynamics,genetics,geneticmutation,etc.

--shortsentencesandpresenttenseusedtoexpressauniversalstatement

2.Usingfigurativelanguagefreelytomakeideasmorevividandforceful

3.Noundeterminers

Rhetorical

Devices

Special

Difficulties

 1.       Sometechnicalterms

2.       Understandingthemetaphoricalphrase“DisappearingThroughtheSkylight”

3.       Theuseoftopicsentences

4.       Theuseofpresenttenseanduniversalstatements

5.       Paraphrasingsomesentences

6.       Identifyingfiguresofspeech

QuestionsforDiscussion

1.

       Howdoesthewritersubstantiatehisstatementthatscienceiscommittedtotheuniversal?

2.

       Whydobanksappeartobedisappearingthroughtheirownskylight?

3.  

     Sumupthemainviewsofthewriterandcommentonhowtheyareorganizedandpresented.

4.  

     WhatstylisticfeaturesofscientificEnglisharetobefoundinthispiece?

Citeexamples.

5.  

Commentontheuseofsomefigurativelanguage.Citeexamples.

TextAnalysis（EnglishVersion）

1.DisappearingThoughtheSkylightisnotonlythetitleofthischapterbutalsothetitleofthebook.Thisshowstheimportancethewriterattachestothischapter.Thebook,however,alsohasasub-title,“CultureandTechnologyintheTwentiethCentury”.Thewriter,C.B.Hardison,Jr.iswellknownforhisprofoundinsightsintothechangeinmodernculturebroughtaboutbymodernscienceandtechnology.Hisprovocative（煽动性的、刺激性的）viewsarestimulatingandinformative（见闻广博的）.Inhislecturesandwritingsandhispreviousbook,“EnteringtheMaze:

IdentityandchangeinModernCulture”,hebeginstoreviewthewaysinwhichthecentralconceptsinnature,history,language,art,andhumanevolutionshavechangedundertheimpactofmodernscienceandtechnology.

Intheprefaceandprologue（序言）ofthisbook,hestateshisviewssuccinctly（简洁地、简便地）andexplicitly（明白地、