高考英语阅读理解精读基础版二.docx
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高考英语阅读理解精读基础版二
Passage1
FarfromthelandofAntarctica(南极洲),ahugeshelfoficemeetstheocean.Attheundersideoftheshelftherelivesasmallfish,theAntarcticcod.
Forfortyyearsscientistshavebeencuriousaboutthatfish.Howdoesitlivewheremostfishwouldfreezetodeath?
Itmusthavesomesecret.TheAntarcticisnotacomfortableplacetoworkandresearchhasbeenslow.Nowitseemswehaveananswer.
Researchwasbegunbycuttingholesintheiceandcatchingthefish.Scientistsstudiedthefish’sbloodandmeasureditsfreezingpoint.
Thefishweretakenfromseawaterthathadatemperatureof-1.88°Candmanytinypiecesoficefloatinginit.Thebloodofthefishdidnotbegintofreezeuntilitstemperaturewasloweredto-2.05°C.Thatsmalldifferenceisenoughforthefishtoliveatthefreezingtemperatureoftheice-saltmixture.
Thescientists’nextresearchjobwasclear:
Findoutwhatinthefish’sbloodkeptitfromfreezing.Theirsearchledtosomereallystrangethingmadeupofaprotein(蛋白质)neverbeforeseeninthebloodofafish.Whenitwasremoved,thebloodfrozeatseawatertemperature.Whenitwasputback,thebloodagainhaditsantifreezequalityandaloweredfreezingpoint.
Studyshowedthatitisanunusualkindofprotein.Ithasmanysmallsugarmolecules(分子)heldinspecialpositionswithineachbigproteinmolecule.Becauseofitssugarcontent,itiscalledaglycoprotein.Soithascometobecalledtheantifreezefishglycoprotein,orAFGP.
1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.TheterribleconditionsintheAntarctic.
B.Aspecialfishlivinginfreezingwaters.
C.TheiceshelfaroundAntarctica.
D.ProtectionoftheAntarcticcod.
2.WhycantheAntarcticcodliveatthefreezingtemperature?
A.Theseawaterhasatemperatureof-1.88°C.
B.itlovestoliveintheice-saltmixture.
C.Aspecialproteinkeepsitfromfreezing.
D.Itsbloodhasatemperaturelowerthan-2.05°C.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph5referto?
A.Atypeofice-saltmixture.
B.Anewlyfoundprotein.
C.Fishblood.
D.Sugarmolecule.
4.Whatdoes“glyco-”intheunderlinedword“glycoprotein”inthelastparagraphmean?
A.sugar
B.ice
C.blood
D.molecule
Passage2
IfyourbossasksyoutoworkinMoscowthisyear,he’dbetterofferyoumoremoneytodoso—orevendoublethatdependingonwhereyoulivenow.That’sbecauseMoscowhasjustbeenfoundtobetheworld’smostexpensivecityforthesecondyearinarowbyMercerHumanResourcesConsulting.
UsingthecostoflivinginNewYorkasabase,MercerdeterminedMoscowis34.4percentmoreexpensiveincludingthecostofhousing,transportation,food,clothing,householdgoodsandentertainment(娱乐).
Atwo-bedroomflatinMoscownowcosts$4,000amonth;aCD$24.83,andaninternationalnewspaper$6.30,accordingtoMercer.Bycomparison,afastfoodmealwithahamburger(汉堡包)isastealat$4.80.
LondontakestheNo.2place,upfromNo.5ayearago,thankstohighercostofhousingandastrongerBritishpoundrelativetothedollar.Mercerestimates(估算)Londonis26percentmoreexpensivethanNewYorkthesedays.FollowingLondoncloselyareSeoulandTokyo,bothofwhichare22percentmoreexpensivethanNewYork,whileNo.5HongKongis19percentmorecostly.
AmongNorthAmericancities,NewYorkandLosAngelesarethemostexpensiveandaretheonlytwolistedinthetop50oftheworld’smostexpensivecities.Butbothhavefallensincelastyear’sstudy—NewYorkcamein15th,downfrom10thplace,whileLosAngelesfellto42ndfrom29thplaceayearago.SanFranciscocameinadistantthirdatNo.54,down20placesfromayearearlier.
Toronto,meanwhile,isCanada’smostexpensivecitybutfell35placestotake82ndplaceworldwide.InAustralia,SydneyisthepriciestplacetoliveinandNo.21worldwide.
5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“asteal”inParagraph3mean?
A.anactofstealing
B.somethingdelicious
C.somethingverycheap
D.anactofbuying
6.Londonhasbecomethesecondmostexpensivecitybecauseof__________.
A.thehighcostofclothing
B.thestrongerpoundagainstthedollar
C.itsexpensivetransportation
D.thehighpricesoffastfoodmeals
7.Whichcityisthethirdmostexpensiveonthelist?
A.Tokyo.
B.HongKong.
C.Moscow.
D.Sydney.
8.WhichcityhasdroppedmostonthelistinNorthAmerica?
A.NewYork.
B.LosAngeles.
C.SanFrancisco.
D.Toronto.
Passage3
ItalianLakesandGreekIslands(12Days)
Pricesstartingfrom$1,999
YourtourbeginsinMilan,Italy,andmovesontotheprettyItalianLakeDistrictandtheattractiveresort(胜地)ofStresa,yourhomefortwonights.ColletteVacationshascarefullychosentheCostaVictoriaasyourhomeawayfromhomeforyour7-nightjourneyalongthewaterwaysoftheMediterranean.ThecruiseshipisfilledwiththewarmthandcultureofItalyandisrichlydesignedwithentertainment(娱乐)areasandverygoodlivingconditions.Itwilltakeyoutotheplacesofyourdreams.
You'llspend4daystouringGreekcitiesyou'vealwaysheardabout.InKatakolon,youwillhavetheonlyunguidedtourtonearbyOlympiaonthewholejourney.ThenwithalocalguideyouwillvisittheGreekislandsofSantorini,whichisoftenrelatedtothestoryofthelostcityofAtlantis,andMykonos,awonderfulislandwithbeautifulbeaches.
YourjourneyendsinVerona,homeofthelovestoryRomeoandJuliet,withafun-filledfarewelldinner—aperfectendingtoapleasantjourney.
12Day,25Meals:
10Breakfasts,6Lunches,9Dinners
Day1
OvernightflighttoItaly
Day2-3
ReginaPalace,Stresa,Italy
Day4-10
CostaVictoria(Costacruises)
Day11
HotelLeopardi,Verona,Italy
Day12
Leaveforhome
PleaseNote:
Leavingdate
Priceforoneperson
April7
$2,099
June2
$2,199
October6
$2,099
November3
$1,999
9.Howisthejourneyplanned?
A.ItstartsandendsinItaly.
B.ItstartsandendsinGreece.
C.ItstartsinItalyandendsinGreece.
D.ItstartsinGreeceandendsinItaly.
10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetravelplan?
A.Thepricemaygetlowerthanthoseintheplan.
B.Thepricesincludethreemealsaday.
C.Thepriceisthehighestinsummer.
D.Thepricesincludeentertainmentservice.
11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theCostaVictoria”mostprobablyreferto?
A.Afamoushotel.
B.Abeautifulresort.
C.Acomfortableship.
D.Along-distancebus.
12.Touristswilltravelontheirownin__________.
A.Stresa
B.Olympia
C.Mykonos
D.Verona
Passage4
Whattimeisit?
Mostpeopleareprettyaccurateintheiranswer.Andifyoudon’tknowforsure,it’sverylikelythatyoucanfindout.Theremaybeawatchonyourwrist;theremaybeaclockonthewall,desk,orcomputerscreen;ormaybeyou’reridinginacarthathasaclockinthedashboard(仪表板).
Evenifyoudon’thaveatimepieceofsomesortnearby,yourbodykeepsitsownbeat.Humanshaveaninternalclockthatregulates(调节)thebeatingofourheart,thepaceofourbreathing,thedischarge(排出)ofchemicalswithinourbloodstream,andmanyotherbodilyfunctions.
Timeissomethingfromwhichwecan’tescape.Evenifweignoreit,it’sstillgoingby,tickingaway,secondbysecond,minutebyminute,hourbyhour.Sothemainissueinusingyourtimewellis,“Who’sincharge?
”Wecanallowtimetoslipbyandletitbeourenemy.Orwecantakecontrolofitandmakeitourally.
Bytakingcontrolofhowyouspendyourtime,you’llincreaseyourchancesofbecomingamoresuccessfulstudent.Perhapsmoreimportantly,thebetteryouareatmanagingthetimeyoudevotetoyourstudies,themoretimeyou’llhavetospendonyouroutsideinterests.
Theaimoftimemanagementisnottoscheduleeverymomentsowebecomeslavesofatimetablethatgovernseverywakingmomentoftheday.Instead,theaimistomakeinformedchoicesastohowweuseourtime.Ratherthanlettingthedaygoby,largelywithoutourawareness,whatwearegoingtodiscussnextcanmakeusbetterabletocontroltimeforourownpurposes.
13.Theunderlinedword“ally”inPara.3mostlikelymeanssomebodyorsomethingthatis__________.
A.yourslaveandservesyou
B.yoursupporterandhelpsyou
C.underyourcontrolandobeysyou
D.underyourinfluenceandfollowsyou
14.Theauthorintendstotellusthattime_____________.
A.couldberegulatedbyatimepiecesuchasaclockorawatch
B.couldbemanagedbytheinternalclockofhumanbodies
C.shouldbewellmanagedforourowninterest
D.shouldbesavedforoutsideinterests
15.Inthenextpart,theauthorwouldmostprobablydiscusswithyou___________.
A.howtokeepupwiththetimes
B.howtomakeupforlosttime
C.howtohaveagoodtime
D.howtomakegooduseoftime
Passage5
Foryearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlife.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect,Praise-aholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoseekthesamekindofapprovalfromtheirfriendswhenaskediftheywanttogointhebackseatofthecar.
Theimplication(含义)ofsaying“Youaretheprettiestgirlinclass,”ortalkingaboutthegoalsshescoredbutnotheroveralleffort,isthatyouloveheronlywhenshelooksthebest,scoresthehighest,achievesthemost.Andthiscarriesovertotheclassroom.
SocialpsychologistCarolDweck,PhD,testedtheeffectsofoverpraiseon400fifthgraderswhileshewasatColumbiaUniversity.Shefoundthatkidspraisedfor“tryinghard”didbetterontestsandweremorelikelytotakeondifficultassignmentsthanthosepraisedfo