文体与修辞.docx

文体与修辞.docx

《文体与修辞.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《文体与修辞.docx（85页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

文体与修辞

StylisticsandRhetoric

By:

ShanshanXu

Introduction:

1.Whatisstylistics?

Stylisticsstudieshowlanguageisusedinacertaincontextandhowlanguageexpressesacertainsubject.

•2.CharlesBallyproposedtwolanguageeffects:

naturaleffect（自然效果）andevocativeeffect（联系效果）.

Eg:

•I’msorrytotroubleyou,butcouldIaskyoutoclosethedoorforme?

•Wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?

•Icoulddowithoutthedraughtfromthatdoor.

•Shutthedoor,willyou?

•Door!

•Wereyouborninabarn?

•Iknowalittleboywhoneverleavesthedooropen.

•丈夫支出账单中的一页

•招聘女打字员的广告费……（支出金额）

•提前一个星期预付给女打字员的薪水……（支出金额）

•购买送给女打字员的花束……（支出金额）

•同她共进的一顿晚餐……（支出金额）

•给夫人买衣服……（一大笔开支）

•给岳母买衣服……（一大笔开支）

•招聘中年女打字员的广告费……（支出金额）

•德军剩下来的东西

•战争结束了。

他回到了从德军手里夺回的故乡，他匆匆忙忙地在路灯昏黄的街上走着。

一个女人捉住他的手，用吃醉了酒似的口气和他讲：

“到哪儿去？

是不是上我那里？

”

•他笑笑，说：

“不。

不上你那儿—我找我的情妇。

”他回看了女人一下。

他们两个人走到路灯下。

•女人突然嚷了起来：

“啊”

•他也不由抓住了女人的肩头，迎着灯光。

他的手指嵌进了女人的肉里。

他们的眼睛闪着光。

他喊道：

“约安！

”把女人抱了起来了。

Register

•1.1DefinitionofRegister

•Aregisterisastyleoflanguageappropriatetotheoccasion

1.1.1TheFirstRange:

WrittenandSpokenEnglish

•WrittenEnglish:

explicitandbalancedtypicallywithsubjectandpredicateasaminimumutterance.

•SpokenEnglish:

simplerandlessstrictlyconstructed

1.1.2TheSecondRange:

FormalandInformalEnglish

•Formallanguage:

oftenusedpubliclyforsomeseriouspurpose.

•Informallanguage:

oftenusedinprivateconversation,personalletter

1.1.3TheThirdRange:

PoliteandFamiliarLanguage

•Politelanguage:

whentalkingtoanunfamiliarpersonortoapersonseniorinageorsocialposition,weusepolitelanguage.

•FamiliarLanguage:

usedamongclosefriendsoninformaloccasions.

Examples:

1）.“Ladiesandgentlemenofthejury,haveyoureachedtheverdict（裁定）?

”

•2）.“Ourfather,whoareinheaven,hallowedbyThy（你的）name,Thykingdomcome?

”

•3）.“DoIhearamotion?

”

•INUPONTHEDEATHOFTHELIFEINSUREDthereshallbenoduly（proper）constituted（appointed）personalrepresentativeornomineeorassigneeoftheLifeInsuredandwillingtogiveavalidreceiptforthesumpayablesuchsummayinthediscretion（will）oftheCommitteeofManagementbepaidtooneormoreofthenext-of-kinoftheLifeInsuredwhosereceiptshalleffectuallydischargetheSocietyfromallliabilityunderthispolicy

•INWITNESSWHEREOF（forthismatter）wetheSecretaryandtwooftheCommitteeofManagementtheSocietyhavehereunto（so）attachedoursignatures

•4）.SouthAfricahasaccededtoanagreementonthecoordinatedcontrolofseatransportforcommercialpurposes.

•5）.Welcometotoday’sprogram,VarietiesofAmericanEnglish-StylisticDifferences.Yourhostsaretwowell-knownsociolinguists,……

•6）.“Canyoubeatthat?

Ireadmyeyesoutlastnight.Couldn’tpassthatstupidbioexam.”

•“Oh,yeah,butthatDavidson.He’sarealjerk.Youknow…”

•7）.–D’eatyet?

•-D’you?

•-Kay.

Chapter1Words

•1.1TheClassificationofWords

•Wordsaredividedintodifferentcategoriesfromdifferentangles.

•Eg:

formal-informal,standardwords-dialect,literary-colloquial,laudatory-neuter–derogatory,general-specificetc.

•Hiroshimaacity（pop.542,000）ofHonshu,Japan.ItwaslargelydestroyedbyanAmericanatomicbomb（6Aug.1945）,thefirstusedinwarfare.Afterreconstructionthecitybecameanactiveport,withpaperandcanningindustries.

•Hiroshima

Myspoonwaslifted

whenthebombcamedown

Thatleftnoface,nohand,nospoontohold

Twohundredthousanddiedinmyhometown

Thiscametopassbeforemysoupwascold

---NaomiReplansky

•Exercises:

CompareAandB

•1.

•A.Penaltiesforoverduebookswillbestrictlyenforced.

•B.Youhavegottopayfinesforoverduebooks

•2.

•A.Thepriceofmeathasbeendecliningalarmingly.

•B.Thepriceofmeathasbeengoingdownsteeply.

•3.

•A.Theapprovedoftheplanforthedevelopmentoftheinnercity.

•B.Theywentalongwiththeplanforthedevelopmentoftheinnercity

•1.2TheMeaningofWords

•Denotativemeaning:

aword’sdenotationiswhatitliterallymeans,asdefinedbythedictionary.

•Connotativemeaning:

aword’sconnotationisthefeelingorideasuggestedbyit.

•Wordsmayhavethesamedenotationbuttheirconnotationsarequitedifferent.

•Eg:

country,nation,state,land

•house,home

•abundant,plentiful

•small,little

•modest,humble

•large,big,great

•1.2.1SemanticChange

•A.broadening

•Eg:

eye—theeyeofaneedle,theeyeofapotato,theeyeofahurricane

•B.narrowing

•Eg:

deer,disease,丈人

•C.meaningshift

•Eg:

naughty

•D.classshift

•Eg:

thehavesandthehave-nots

•Iwouldratherbeahas-beenthananever-was,becauseahas-beenhasbeenandanever-wasneverwas.

•1.2.2MeaningandContext

•Themeaningofwordsarenotonlycanbefo