英语考试内容整理614.docx

英语考试内容整理614.docx

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英语考试内容整理614

一、单选

Unit1

1、emulate（v.效仿、模仿）=imitate（v.模仿、仿效）

2、dedicated（adj.专注的献身的）=devoted（adj.献身的；忠诚的；v.献身于，致力于）

3、encompass（vt.包含；包围、环绕；完成）=include（vt.包含、包括）

4、inception（n.开创、开端）=beginning（n.开始；起点；v.开始；创建）

5、competence（n.能力、胜任；权限）=ability（n.能力、能耐；才能）

6、compliment（n.夸奖、称赞；恭维；v.称赞）=praise（n.赞扬；称赞；崇拜；vt/vi.赞美）

7、skyrocket（v.急升、猛升；激增、激涨）=risesuddenly（迅速的增加）

8、buck【v.（人坐在马背时，马）猛烈颠簸；】=resist（v.抵抗，反抗）

9、regardlessof（不管、不顾）=inspiteof（不管、不顾）

10、reachoutto（递给...；主动联系）=givehelpto（给...帮助）

Unit3

1、imminent（adj.即将来临的；迫近的）=impending（adj.即将发生的；迫切的；v.迫近）

2、dismantle（v.拆开，拆卸；废除）=cancel（v.取消；撤销；废除）

3、murky（adj.阴暗的、黑暗的；朦胧的）=gloomy（adj.阴暗的、幽暗的；令人沮丧的）

4、brim（v.含满；充盈；n.帽檐、帽边）=fill（v.充满；装满；挤满；弥漫、遍及）

5、suspicious（adj.怀疑的、猜疑的）=distrustful（adj.怀疑的；不信任的；可疑的）

6、vulnerable（adj.易受伤的；易受攻击的；感情脆弱的）=weak（adj.虚弱的；无力的）

7、flimsy（adj.脆弱的；易损坏的；不周密的）=fragile（adj.脆弱的、易碎的、易损坏的）

8、veteran（n.经验丰富的人；老兵；老手）=experienced（adj.老练、熟练的；富有经验的）

9、adversary（n.对手、敌手）=opponent（n.对手、敌手、反对者）

10、malicious（adj.恶意的；恶毒的；怀恨的）=hostile（adj.敌对、不友善的；怀有敌意的）

Unit5

1、gauge（v.判定、判断；测量）=evaluate（vt.评价；估价；求...的值；vi.评价；估价）

2、surveillance（n.监视、监督）=monitoring（n.监视；监控；检验、检查；v.监视、监督）

3、stem（v.阻止、遏制、封堵；堵住、止住）=stop（v.停止）

4、outmoded（adj.过时的、废弃的）=outdated（adj.过时的；旧时的）

5、panacea（n.万全之策、万应灵丹）=cure-all（n.万应灵丹、灵丹妙药）

6、hindrances（n.障碍；障碍者）=obstacle（n.障碍、阻碍、干扰；妨碍物、障碍物）

7、unscathed（adj.未受伤的）=unhurt（adj.未受伤的）

8、refersto（指的是....）=means（v.意思是...、表示...什么的意思）

9、popup（突然出现）=appearsuddenly（突然、迅速出现）

10、underway（进行中；在行进；在航行）=inprogress（正在进行；在发展中）

Unit7

1、appropriate（adj.恰当的；合适的）=suitable（adj.适当的；相配的）

2、mitigate（v.减轻、缓解、缓和）=lessen（v.减轻、减少）

3、aforementioned（adj.上述的；前面提及的）=previous（adj.以前的；早先的；先前的）

4、deflect（v.使转向；转移；干扰）=redirect（vt.使改方向；重新寄送；adj.再直接的）

5、deleterious（adj.有毒的、有害的）=harmful（adj.有害的）

6、hazardous（adj.危险的、不安全的）=dangerous（adj.危险的、不安全的）

7、stall（v.拖延；拖住；延误；熄火；n.货摊、摊位；畜栏、牛棚）=stop（v.停止、中止）

8、conceivably（adv.令人信服地；可相信地；想象得到地）=imaginably（adv.可想象地）

9、intermsof（依据，按照；在....方面）=bywayof（用....方式，借着）

10、ultimate（adj.最终的、最后的）=final（adj.最后的、最终的）

2、完形填空

Unit1

Starbucksrealizedearlyonthatmotivatedandcommittedhumanresourceswerethekeytothesuccessofaretailbusiness.Thereforethecompanytookgreatcareinselectingtherightkindofpeopleandmadeanefforttoretainthem.Consequently,thecompany'shumanresourcepoliciesreflecteditscommitmenttoitsemployees.

Starbucksreliedonitsbaristasandotherfrontlinestafftoagreatextentincreatingthe"StarbucksExperience"whichdifferentiateditfromcompetitors.Thereforethecompanypaidconsiderableattentiontokindofpeopleitrecruited.Starbuck'srecruitmentmottowas"Tohavetherightpeoplehiringtherightpeople".

Starbuckshiredpeopleforqualitieslikeadaptability,dependabilityandtheabilitytoworkinateam.Thecompanyoftenstatedthequalitiesthatitlookedforinemployeesupfrontinitsjobpostings.whichallowprospectiveemployeestoself-selectthemselvestoacertainextent.

Havingselectedtherightkindofpeople,Starbucksinvestedintrainingthemintheskillstheywouldrequiretoperformtheirjobsefficiently.Starbuckswasoneofthefewretailcompaniestoinvestconsiderablyinemployeetrainingandprovidecomprehensivetrainingtoallclassesofemployees,includingpart-timers.

AnalystssaidthatStarbucks'biggestchallengeintheearly2000swouldbetoensurethatthecompany'simageasapositiveemployersurviveditsrapidexpansionprogram,andtofindtherightkindofpeopleintherightnumberstosupporttheseexpansionplans.Consideringtherateatwhichthecompanywasexpanding,analystswonderedwhetherStarbuckswouldbeabletoretainitsspiritevenwhenitdoubledortripleditssize.Bytheearly2000s,thecompanybegantoshowsignsthatitsgenerouspoliciesandhighhumanresourcecostswerereflectingonitsfinancialstrength.

Althoughthecompanydidnotrevealtheamountitspentonemployees,itsaidthatitspentmoreonthemthanitdidonadvertising,whichstoodat$68.3millioninfiscal2004.

Thatthecompanywasfindingitshumanresourcecostsburdensomewasreflectsinthefactthatiteffectedanincreaseof11centsonitsbeveragepricesinmid-2004.Analystswonderedwhetherthecompany'scostproblemscouldbemetbyapriceincrease,ascustomersalreadypaidapremiumforStarbucksbeverages.Ontheotherband,itwouldnotbeeasyforthecompanytocutdownonbenefits,asitcouldresultmamajormoraleproblemwithinthecompany.

Unit3

ThepowerfulattackthattargeteddozensofgovernmentandprivatesitesunderscoredhowunevenlypreparedtheU.S.governmentistoblocksuchmultiprongedassaults.WhileTreasuryDepartmentandFederalTradeCommissionWebsiteswereshutdownbythesoftwareattackwhichlastedfordaysovertheholidayweekend,otherssuchasthePentagonandtheWhiteHousewereabletofenditoffwithlittledisruption.

TheNorthKorealink,describedbythreeofficials,morefirmlyconnectdetheU.S.attackstoanotherwaveofcyberassaultsthathitgovernmentagenciesTuesdayinSouthKorea.TheofficialssaidthatwhileInternetaddresseshavebeentracedtoNorthKorea,thatdoesnotnecessarilymeantheattackinvolvedthePyongyanggovernment.Theofficialsspokeonconditionofanonymitybecausetheywerenotauthorizedtospeakpubliclyonthemanor.

SouthKoreaintelligenceofficialshaveidentifiedNorthKoreaasasuspectinthoseattacksandsaidthatthesophisticateoftheassaultsuggesteditwascarriedoutatahigherlevelthanjustrogueorindividualhackers.U.S.officialswouldnotgothatfaranddeclinedtodiscusspubliclywhomayhave?

intrusion?

theintrusionorhowitwasdone.

InanAssociatedPressinterview,PhilipReitinger,deputyundersecretaryattheHomelandSecurityDepartment,saidthefar-reachingattacksdemonstratetheimportanceofcybersecurityasacriticalnationalsecurityissue.Thefactthataseriesofcomputerswereinvolvedinanattack,Reitingersaid,"doesn'tsayanythingabouttheultimatesourceoftheattack."

"WhatitsaysisthatthosecomputerswereasmuchatargetoftheattackastheeventualWebsitesthataretargets,"saidReitinger,whoheadsDHScybersecurityoperations."They'rejustzombiesthatarcbeingusedbysomeunseenthirdpartytolaunchattacksagainstgovernmentandnon-governmentWebsites."TargetsofthemostwidespreadcyberoffensiveofrecentyearsalsoincludedtheNationalSecurityAgency,HomelandSecurityDepartmentandStateDepartment,theNasdaqstockmarketandTheWashingtonPost,accordingtoanearlyanalysisofthesoftwareusedintheattacks.

TheAssociatedPressobtainedthetargetlistfromsecurityexpertsanalyzingtheattacks.Theyprovidedthelistonconditionofanonymitybecausetheywerenotauthorizedtodiscusstheinvestigation.OtherexpertsincyberassaultssaidtheincidentshinedaharshlightontheU.S.government'seffortstoprotectallofitsagenciesagainstweb-basedattacks.

Unit5

Swinefluiskillingyoungpeopleratherthantheveryelderly,andalthoughwinterisjuststarting,moreyoungpeoplehavealreadydiedoffluthannormallydieovertheentirewinter.

Nearly5000peopleworldwideareknowntohavediedofswineflusofar.Butonaverage36,000aresaidtodieofflueachwinterintheUSalone.Onthebasisofsuchnumbers,manyhaveconcluded-wrongly-thatswinefluislessdangerousthannormalflu.

Thesenumbersshouldnotbecompareddirectly.The36,000figurecomesfromepidemiologicalstudies.Becausethetimingoffluoutbreaksvariesfromyeartoyear,thenormalnumberofdeathsinanymonthcanbecomparedwiththenumberofdeathsinthesamemonthwhentherewasafluoutbreak,saysLoneSimonsenofGeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashingtonDC.Suchstudiesrevealabulgeindeathsduringandjustafterthefluseasoneveryyear,mainlyamongtheelderly.Manyareclearlyduetofluandotherlunginfectionsthatcanfollowit,butmorethanhalfarenotobviouslyconnected，becausefluoftenkillsinindirectways,bytriggeringheartattacksorstrokes,forinstance.

Bycontrast,thedeathsattributedtoswinefluarethosedirectlycausedbyrespiratoryinfectionwiththepandemicvirus.Indirectdeaths-themajorityofthe36,000figureforregularflu-arenotbeingcounted.Thefulldeathtollfor2009H1N1fluwillnotbeknownforawhile,ifever.Perhapstherewillbefewerdeathsthannormalbecauseolderpeople,moreatriskfromsecondaryeventssuchasheartattacks,havesomeimmunitytothevirus.However,thetotalseemslikelytobehighersimplybecausetheviruswillinfectfarmorepeoplethannormal,anditkillsdirectlymoreoften.

Theimpactofapandemicisnotsimplyaboutthenumberofdeaths,though.Thispandemic,likepreviousones,iskillingmainlyyoungpeople,nottheveryelderlyasflunormallydoes.ByearlyOctober,76childrenandadolescentsintheUShadalreadydiedofswineflu.Thatismorethantheusualwintertoll.andthewinterhasjustbegun.

Thinkofitthisway.2009H1N1fluiseffectivelytwodiseases:

ordinaryfluformost,alungdiseasethatcankillquicklyinafew.Mostoftheseverecasesareincasesareinbabies,andadultagedbetween20and50.Theimpactofthedeathsofyoungadults,ondependentfamiliesandtheeconomy,willbemuchgreaterthanthatofthedeathsamongtheelderly.

Unit7

Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatexposuretomicrogravityrapidlyweakensbones,andthenewresearchshowstheeffectscanlastforayearormoreafterastronautsreturntoEarth.Theresultsstresstheneedtofindwaystominimizethedamagedoneduringspaceflight,researcherssaid,becausebonerecoveryonEarthmaytakeawhile.

ShreyaseeAmin,anassociateprofessor