高中英语新教材必修3unit1Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures精讲精练含答案解析.docx

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高中英语新教材必修3unit1Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures精讲精练含答案解析.docx

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高中英语新教材必修3unit1Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures精讲精练含答案解析.docx

高中英语新教材必修3unit1SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures精讲精练含答案解析

SectionⅢ DiscoveringUsefulStructures

动词ing形式作定语和表语

1.(教材P4)DuringtheMidAutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmiretheshining(shine)moonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.

2.(教材P6)Familiescelebrating(celebrate)theLunarNewYearcanenjoyexciting(excite)dragondancesandcarnivalstogether.

3.(教材P8)Aftertheopening(open)ceremonyandsomeamazing(amaze)performances,thewrestling(wrestle)competitionbegan.

4.(教材P8)Iwasquitemoved(move)bytheirshowofstrengthandgrace.

      动词ing形式作定语

动名词和现在分词都可以作定语,但有所区别。

1.动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途,相当于for引导的介词短语。

◆Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.

阅览室里不准大声说话。

◆Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.

我们学校有一个游泳池。

2.现在分词作定语时,它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系,表示所修饰词进行的动作,相当于一个定语从句。

◆Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.

=Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.

在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。

◆Isawasleepinggirlinthewaitingroom.

=Isawagirlwhowassleepinginthewaitingroom.

在候车室我看见一个熟睡的女孩。

现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别:

现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成意义;不定式表示动作尚未发生。

◆Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.

你应该适应不断变化的形势。

◆Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.

地上满是落叶。

◆I’mlookingforaroomtolivein.

我正在找房子住。

【即时演练1】——单句语法填空/一句多译

①Ican’tgowithyou,forIhavealotofworkto__do(do).

②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacallsaying(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.

③正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

→The__man__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.

→The__man__who__is__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.

      动词ing形式作表语

1.作表语的动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词

(1)现在分词作表语,往往具有形容词的性质,说明主语的性质、特征等。

作表语的现在分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。

常见的有:

moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。

◆Theargumentisveryconvincing.

这个论点很令人信服。

◆Hisperformanceisveryentertaining,whichbringsusmuchpleasure.

他的表演非常有趣,给我们带来很大的乐趣。

不定式和动词ed形式也可作表语,但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作,动词ed形式则表示被动或完成意义。

(2)动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。

◆Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.

=Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.

她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。

【即时演练2】——单句语法填空

①Hisjobisveryboring(bore),buthehastodependonittosupporthisfamily.

②Thisresultisverydisappointing(disappoint)andwedon’tknowwhattosay.

③Itwasamazing(amaze)thathedidn’tkeephiswordasbefore.

2.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别

过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态,常译作“感到……的”;现在分词作表语多表示事物具有的特性,常译作“令人……的”。

◆Iwasdeeplymovedbyhismovingwords.

我被他那动人的话语深深地打动了。

◆Hiswordswerediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.

他的话令人泄气,使得很多人灰心丧气。

英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词表示被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉的”,多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。

常用的这类词有:

◆Themanstandingtherelooksfrightening,andthelittleboyisfrightened.

站在那里的那个人看起来很可怕,小男孩被吓着了。

◆Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.

这则消息令人激动,我们激动了整整一晚上。

【即时演练3】——单句语法填空

①Tobehonest,Ihaveneverseenamoremoving(move)film.

②Itwasmoreamazing(amaze)thatthemanagerofthisdepartmentwasanoldfriendofmine.

③Iamverypleased(please)withyourbehavior.

单句语法填空

1.Hisfatherpromisedtobuyhimaracing(race)carwhenhegraduatedfromcollege.

2.Thewomanlooking(look)athermapisarelativeofmymother.

3.Tomyjoy,studentsstudying(study)inthisschoolarefriendlytome.

4.Itwasareallyterrifying(terrify)experience.Afterwards,everybodywasveryshocked(shock).

5.Theman’sjobisdealing(deal)withtourists’complaints.

6.Thesatisfied(satisfy)smileonhisfacesuggeststhathehasgotthejob.

7.Yourtaskiscleaning(clean)theoldcaroverthereonyourown.

8.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaiting(wait)forittoopen.

9.Grandmacameintomybedroomwithawalking(walk)stickinherhand.

10.Thestudenttalking(talk)withtheforeignersoverthereisourmonitor.

语法与写作

1.让他不高兴的是他最喜欢的自行车丢了。

Whathasmadehimunhappyis__losing__his__favourite__bike.

2.很多学生不喜欢那些无聊到让人想睡着的演讲。

Manystudentsdon’tlikethoseboring__speecheswhichmakethemfallasleep.

3.那个害羞的女孩站起来回答问题,这真是令人吃惊。

It__was__astonishing__thattheshygirlstoodupandansweredthequestion.

4.这部电影非常感人,我感动得流下了眼泪。

Thefilmwas__very__movingandIwasmovedtotears.

5.目前正在修建的体育馆是为即将到来的亚运会而准备的。

Thestadiumbeing__built__at__presentisintendedforthecomingAsianGames.

6.说实话,我最喜欢的爱好是读书。

Tobehonest,myfavouritehobbyis__reading__books.

单句语法填空

1.Shewasaninspiring(inspire)teacherandagiftedscientisttoherfollowers.

2.Denny,doyouknowthegirlreading(read)Alice’sAdventuresinWonderlandoverthere?

3.Theresearchersfinditsurprising(surprise)thatthewordsarestillclearenoughtoreadafter2,000years.

4.Nickisworriedthathecan’tgetpromoted,butIthinkit’ssillyto__worryaboutthingswhichareoutofhiscontrol.(worry)

5.Momwasgratefulandmoved(move)themomentsheheardthenewsthathersonhadarrivedhomesafeandsound.

6.Iwaslisteningtoanamusing(amuse)programmeontheradio,whichmademelaughout.

7.Theshockingnewsthathediedlastnightmadeeveryonedeeplyshocked.(shock)

8.Listen!

Themusicthemusiciansareplayingovertheresoundsinteresting(interest).

9.Hecameintotheofficewithadepressed(depress)lookbecauseoflosinghispurseinthemorning.

10.Theprofessorgiving(give)usaspeechaboutwritingnowisfromPekingUniversity.

阅读理解

Duringthe15thcentury,spices(香料)fromIndiawereverypopularinEurope,however,theonlywaytotravelfromEuropetoIndiawasoverland.Thiswasalongandexpensivetrip.TheKingofPortugalrealizedifhecouldfindawaytogettoIndiabysailingontheocean,hewouldbecomerichbytradingspicesinEurope.AnexplorerbythenameofBartolomeuDiashaddiscoveredtheCapeofGoodHopeatthetipofAfrica.ItwasthoughtthattheremaybeawayaroundtheCapeandtothenortheasttowardsIndia.However,manywereskepticalandthoughtthattheIndianOceandidnotconnectwiththeAtlanticOcean.

VascodaGama,whowasbornin1460stoawealthyPortuguesefamilyinSines,wasgivenafleetofshipsbythekingandtoldtodiscoverasearoutearoundAfricatoIndia.Hewasalsotoldtolookforothertradingpossibilitiesalongtheway.

VascodaGamaleftonhisfirstvoyagefromLisbon,Portugal,withfourshipsand170menonJuly8,1497.GamaandhismenroundedthesoutherntipofAfricaattheCapeofGoodHopeonNovember22.TheythenheadednorthupthecoastofAfrica.TheystoppedattradingportsalongthewayincludingMombasaandMalindi.AtMalindi(about120kmnortheastofMombasa),theypickedupalocalpilotwhoknewthedirectiontoIndia.WiththehelpofamonsoonwindtheywereabletocrosstheIndianOceanandarriveinCalicut,India,inlessthanamonth(onMay20,1498).AtCalicut,Vascoranintoserioustroublewhentryingtotrade.Hehadbroughtlittleofvalueinhisships.Thismadethelocaltradersdoubtfulofhimandverysoonhehadtoleave.Thevoyagebackwasdisastrous.Aroundhalfofhismendiedfromscurvy(坏血病)asthetripbacktookmuchlongerbecauseofthewindsnotblowinginhisfavor.However,whenhereturnedhome,hewasstillahero.HehadfoundthemuchneededtraderoutetoIndia.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。

文章介绍了葡萄牙探险家达·伽马第一次航行到印度的原因及过程。

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skeptical”inParagraph1mean?

A.Worried.        B.Doubtful.

C.Hopeful.D.Supportive.

B 解析:

词义猜测题。

由第一段中的theremaybeaway...towardsIndia和画线词后的theIndianOceandidnotconnectwiththeAtlanticOcean可知,因为许多人认为印度洋与大西洋不相连,所以他们对绕过好望角有到达印度的路线这一想法持怀疑态度。

2.WhatwasthemainpurposeofVascodaGama’sfirstvoyagetoIndia?

A.TotakecontrolofIndia.

B.Tocontrolthespicetrade.

C.TofindatraderoutetoIndia.

D.TobringbackspicesfromIndia.

C 解析:

细节理解题。

第一段解释了葡萄牙国王派遣达·伽马出行的原因findawaytogettoIndia...tradingspicesinEurope,再由第二段中的toldtodiscoverasearoutearoundAfricatoIndia可知,达·伽马第一次航行到印度的目的是寻找一条贸易路线。

3.WhichistheCORRECTrouteofGama’sfirstvoyagetoIndia?

A.Sines→theCapeofGoodHope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.

B.Sines→theCapeofGoodHope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.

C.Lisbon→theCapeofGoodHope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.

D.Lisbon→theCapeofGoodHope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.

D 解析:

细节理解题。

由第三段描述达·伽马第一次从欧洲航海到印度的路线leftonhisfirstvoyagefromLisbon...rounded...attheCapeofGoodHope...AtMalindi(about120kmnortheastofMombasa)...crosstheIndianOceanandarriveinCalicut可知答案。

4.WhathappenedtoGamaandhismenwhentheystayedatCalicut?

A.Theirtradingwaswellreceived.

B.Halfofthemgotaseriousillness.

C.Theymissedthebesttimetogobackhome.

D.Theywereconsideredunwelcomebythelocaltraders.

D 解析:

推理判断题。

由第三段中的Hehadbroughtlittleofvalue...doubtfulofhim可知,到达Calicut之后,由于船上有价值的东西太少,因此达·伽马和他的船员们在那里不受当地商人的欢迎。

完形填空

IwasridingthetrainhomefromadowntownChicagocourtroom(法庭).Iwassittinginmyseat,intears.MyhusbandandIhadjustendedourmarriage,andmyheartwasfilledwith__1__.Ihadneverfeltsofrightenedandalone.

__2__,ahandappeared—thetinybeautifulhandofawoman.She__3__measmallenvelope,thensmiledanddisappearedbeforeIcouldevenlookintohereyesandexpressmy__4__.Ontheoutsideoftheenvelopewerearainbow(彩虹)andasun,drawn__5__inpen.InsideitwerethewarmestwordsIhadeverread:

Iknowyoudon’tknowme,butIwaswatchingyouthere__6__,andmyheartgoesouttoyou.Knowthat__7__Iamonlyastrangertoyou,IfeelyourpainandI__8__.Itmaynotseemthatway,butthesunwill__9__againandyouwillseetherainbow.

Love,

Someonewhocares

Ineversawthewomanagain.Butstill,thismyst

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