高中英语新教材必修3unit1Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures精讲精练含答案解析.docx
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高中英语新教材必修3unit1SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures精讲精练含答案解析
SectionⅢ DiscoveringUsefulStructures
动词ing形式作定语和表语
1.(教材P4)DuringtheMidAutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmiretheshining(shine)moonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.
2.(教材P6)Familiescelebrating(celebrate)theLunarNewYearcanenjoyexciting(excite)dragondancesandcarnivalstogether.
3.(教材P8)Aftertheopening(open)ceremonyandsomeamazing(amaze)performances,thewrestling(wrestle)competitionbegan.
4.(教材P8)Iwasquitemoved(move)bytheirshowofstrengthandgrace.
动词ing形式作定语
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语,但有所区别。
1.动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途,相当于for引导的介词短语。
◆Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
◆Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
2.现在分词作定语时,它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系,表示所修饰词进行的动作,相当于一个定语从句。
◆Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.
=Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
◆Isawasleepinggirlinthewaitingroom.
=Isawagirlwhowassleepinginthewaitingroom.
在候车室我看见一个熟睡的女孩。
现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别:
现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成意义;不定式表示动作尚未发生。
◆Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。
◆Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.
地上满是落叶。
◆I’mlookingforaroomtolivein.
我正在找房子住。
【即时演练1】——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Ican’tgowithyou,forIhavealotofworkto__do(do).
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacallsaying(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.
③正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
→The__man__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.
→The__man__who__is__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.
动词ing形式作表语
1.作表语的动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词
(1)现在分词作表语,往往具有形容词的性质,说明主语的性质、特征等。
作表语的现在分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的有:
moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。
◆Theargumentisveryconvincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
◆Hisperformanceisveryentertaining,whichbringsusmuchpleasure.
他的表演非常有趣,给我们带来很大的乐趣。
不定式和动词ed形式也可作表语,但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作,动词ed形式则表示被动或完成意义。
(2)动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。
◆Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.
=Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
【即时演练2】——单句语法填空
①Hisjobisveryboring(bore),buthehastodependonittosupporthisfamily.
②Thisresultisverydisappointing(disappoint)andwedon’tknowwhattosay.
③Itwasamazing(amaze)thathedidn’tkeephiswordasbefore.
2.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态,常译作“感到……的”;现在分词作表语多表示事物具有的特性,常译作“令人……的”。
◆Iwasdeeplymovedbyhismovingwords.
我被他那动人的话语深深地打动了。
◆Hiswordswerediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.
他的话令人泄气,使得很多人灰心丧气。
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词表示被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉的”,多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
常用的这类词有:
◆Themanstandingtherelooksfrightening,andthelittleboyisfrightened.
站在那里的那个人看起来很可怕,小男孩被吓着了。
◆Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.
这则消息令人激动,我们激动了整整一晚上。
【即时演练3】——单句语法填空
①Tobehonest,Ihaveneverseenamoremoving(move)film.
②Itwasmoreamazing(amaze)thatthemanagerofthisdepartmentwasanoldfriendofmine.
③Iamverypleased(please)withyourbehavior.
单句语法填空
1.Hisfatherpromisedtobuyhimaracing(race)carwhenhegraduatedfromcollege.
2.Thewomanlooking(look)athermapisarelativeofmymother.
3.Tomyjoy,studentsstudying(study)inthisschoolarefriendlytome.
4.Itwasareallyterrifying(terrify)experience.Afterwards,everybodywasveryshocked(shock).
5.Theman’sjobisdealing(deal)withtourists’complaints.
6.Thesatisfied(satisfy)smileonhisfacesuggeststhathehasgotthejob.
7.Yourtaskiscleaning(clean)theoldcaroverthereonyourown.
8.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaiting(wait)forittoopen.
9.Grandmacameintomybedroomwithawalking(walk)stickinherhand.
10.Thestudenttalking(talk)withtheforeignersoverthereisourmonitor.
语法与写作
1.让他不高兴的是他最喜欢的自行车丢了。
Whathasmadehimunhappyis__losing__his__favourite__bike.
2.很多学生不喜欢那些无聊到让人想睡着的演讲。
Manystudentsdon’tlikethoseboring__speecheswhichmakethemfallasleep.
3.那个害羞的女孩站起来回答问题,这真是令人吃惊。
It__was__astonishing__thattheshygirlstoodupandansweredthequestion.
4.这部电影非常感人,我感动得流下了眼泪。
Thefilmwas__very__movingandIwasmovedtotears.
5.目前正在修建的体育馆是为即将到来的亚运会而准备的。
Thestadiumbeing__built__at__presentisintendedforthecomingAsianGames.
6.说实话,我最喜欢的爱好是读书。
Tobehonest,myfavouritehobbyis__reading__books.
单句语法填空
1.Shewasaninspiring(inspire)teacherandagiftedscientisttoherfollowers.
2.Denny,doyouknowthegirlreading(read)Alice’sAdventuresinWonderlandoverthere?
3.Theresearchersfinditsurprising(surprise)thatthewordsarestillclearenoughtoreadafter2,000years.
4.Nickisworriedthathecan’tgetpromoted,butIthinkit’ssillyto__worryaboutthingswhichareoutofhiscontrol.(worry)
5.Momwasgratefulandmoved(move)themomentsheheardthenewsthathersonhadarrivedhomesafeandsound.
6.Iwaslisteningtoanamusing(amuse)programmeontheradio,whichmademelaughout.
7.Theshockingnewsthathediedlastnightmadeeveryonedeeplyshocked.(shock)
8.Listen!
Themusicthemusiciansareplayingovertheresoundsinteresting(interest).
9.Hecameintotheofficewithadepressed(depress)lookbecauseoflosinghispurseinthemorning.
10.Theprofessorgiving(give)usaspeechaboutwritingnowisfromPekingUniversity.
阅读理解
Duringthe15thcentury,spices(香料)fromIndiawereverypopularinEurope,however,theonlywaytotravelfromEuropetoIndiawasoverland.Thiswasalongandexpensivetrip.TheKingofPortugalrealizedifhecouldfindawaytogettoIndiabysailingontheocean,hewouldbecomerichbytradingspicesinEurope.AnexplorerbythenameofBartolomeuDiashaddiscoveredtheCapeofGoodHopeatthetipofAfrica.ItwasthoughtthattheremaybeawayaroundtheCapeandtothenortheasttowardsIndia.However,manywereskepticalandthoughtthattheIndianOceandidnotconnectwiththeAtlanticOcean.
VascodaGama,whowasbornin1460stoawealthyPortuguesefamilyinSines,wasgivenafleetofshipsbythekingandtoldtodiscoverasearoutearoundAfricatoIndia.Hewasalsotoldtolookforothertradingpossibilitiesalongtheway.
VascodaGamaleftonhisfirstvoyagefromLisbon,Portugal,withfourshipsand170menonJuly8,1497.GamaandhismenroundedthesoutherntipofAfricaattheCapeofGoodHopeonNovember22.TheythenheadednorthupthecoastofAfrica.TheystoppedattradingportsalongthewayincludingMombasaandMalindi.AtMalindi(about120kmnortheastofMombasa),theypickedupalocalpilotwhoknewthedirectiontoIndia.WiththehelpofamonsoonwindtheywereabletocrosstheIndianOceanandarriveinCalicut,India,inlessthanamonth(onMay20,1498).AtCalicut,Vascoranintoserioustroublewhentryingtotrade.Hehadbroughtlittleofvalueinhisships.Thismadethelocaltradersdoubtfulofhimandverysoonhehadtoleave.Thevoyagebackwasdisastrous.Aroundhalfofhismendiedfromscurvy(坏血病)asthetripbacktookmuchlongerbecauseofthewindsnotblowinginhisfavor.However,whenhereturnedhome,hewasstillahero.HehadfoundthemuchneededtraderoutetoIndia.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。
文章介绍了葡萄牙探险家达·伽马第一次航行到印度的原因及过程。
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skeptical”inParagraph1mean?
A.Worried. B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful.D.Supportive.
B 解析:
词义猜测题。
由第一段中的theremaybeaway...towardsIndia和画线词后的theIndianOceandidnotconnectwiththeAtlanticOcean可知,因为许多人认为印度洋与大西洋不相连,所以他们对绕过好望角有到达印度的路线这一想法持怀疑态度。
2.WhatwasthemainpurposeofVascodaGama’sfirstvoyagetoIndia?
A.TotakecontrolofIndia.
B.Tocontrolthespicetrade.
C.TofindatraderoutetoIndia.
D.TobringbackspicesfromIndia.
C 解析:
细节理解题。
第一段解释了葡萄牙国王派遣达·伽马出行的原因findawaytogettoIndia...tradingspicesinEurope,再由第二段中的toldtodiscoverasearoutearoundAfricatoIndia可知,达·伽马第一次航行到印度的目的是寻找一条贸易路线。
3.WhichistheCORRECTrouteofGama’sfirstvoyagetoIndia?
A.Sines→theCapeofGoodHope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
B.Sines→theCapeofGoodHope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
C.Lisbon→theCapeofGoodHope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
D.Lisbon→theCapeofGoodHope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
D 解析:
细节理解题。
由第三段描述达·伽马第一次从欧洲航海到印度的路线leftonhisfirstvoyagefromLisbon...rounded...attheCapeofGoodHope...AtMalindi(about120kmnortheastofMombasa)...crosstheIndianOceanandarriveinCalicut可知答案。
4.WhathappenedtoGamaandhismenwhentheystayedatCalicut?
A.Theirtradingwaswellreceived.
B.Halfofthemgotaseriousillness.
C.Theymissedthebesttimetogobackhome.
D.Theywereconsideredunwelcomebythelocaltraders.
D 解析:
推理判断题。
由第三段中的Hehadbroughtlittleofvalue...doubtfulofhim可知,到达Calicut之后,由于船上有价值的东西太少,因此达·伽马和他的船员们在那里不受当地商人的欢迎。
完形填空
IwasridingthetrainhomefromadowntownChicagocourtroom(法庭).Iwassittinginmyseat,intears.MyhusbandandIhadjustendedourmarriage,andmyheartwasfilledwith__1__.Ihadneverfeltsofrightenedandalone.
__2__,ahandappeared—thetinybeautifulhandofawoman.She__3__measmallenvelope,thensmiledanddisappearedbeforeIcouldevenlookintohereyesandexpressmy__4__.Ontheoutsideoftheenvelopewerearainbow(彩虹)andasun,drawn__5__inpen.InsideitwerethewarmestwordsIhadeverread:
Iknowyoudon’tknowme,butIwaswatchingyouthere__6__,andmyheartgoesouttoyou.Knowthat__7__Iamonlyastrangertoyou,IfeelyourpainandI__8__.Itmaynotseemthatway,butthesunwill__9__againandyouwillseetherainbow.
Love,
Someonewhocares
Ineversawthewomanagain.Butstill,thismyst