高考英语阅读理解猜测词义技巧训练.docx

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义技巧训练.docx

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高考英语阅读理解猜测词义技巧训练

2019届高考英语阅读理解猜测词义技巧训练

一.阅读下列例题,试判断下列加粗黑体字的意思：

【例题】

（1）Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.

（2）Abiographyisthestoryofaperson'slifewrittenbysomeoneelse

（3）SomewritersarenolongerwritingaboutthemodernvaluesoftheUSA--money,Successorexpensivethingstobuy.

总结：

【例题】

（1）Herepliedquickly.Butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.

（2）Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy（美味）,weChinesepeopleseldomeatanymeatthatisuncookeD.

（3）--1thinkwearebeingwatcheD.

--Really?

Whatmakesyouthinkweareundersurveillance?

（4）Duringtheconcert,thechildrenwerequietbutafterwards,theybecameboisterous.

（5）Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyperson,whodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.

总结：

【例题】

（1）Scientistsarestudyinghowbirdssuchternsmigrate.

（2）Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances?

forexample,washing--machines,fridgesand（3）Severalothergases,suchasargon,comprisetheremainingonepercentofthevo1umeofdryair.

总结：

【例题】

（1）Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.

（2）ThenoisewassofaintthatitwasimpossibletobesurewhatitwasorevenwhereitcamefronL

（3）ThiSkindofflowerthrivesinthisareabecausetheweatheriswarm,theSoilisexcellent,andthereiSalotofrain。

总结：

【例题】

（1）Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.Idon'tliketobewiththethem.

（2）Attheageof77,Johnwasstillplayingaskillfulgameoftennis,ranfourmileseveryddayandseldommissedhisdailyswim.Foramanofhisagehewasextremelyrobust.

总结：

二.理论指导：

英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。

即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。

如果每遇到生词,就查阅词典,不但会降低阅读速度,而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。

据调查,影响人们阅读理解的,首先是词汇。

因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法,对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰,降低生词率是十分必要的。

任何一个实词,只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。

NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词,也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。

但都要求考生根据上下文线索（即具体语境）作出推断。

此类题的提问形式一般有：

1.Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestinmeaningto"..."?

2.Theunderlinedword,means_______.

3.Theunderlinedphrase,means_______.

4.Theunderlinedsentence,means_______.

三.实践练习：

练习I、根据上下文信息猜词义：

1.ConventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddrieD.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathy（冷漠）andstagnation（呆滞）.Toomuchconflictleadstodivisiveness（分裂）andhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

〖习题1〗Inthefirstline“breed”probablymeans_____________.

A.makeB.leadtoC.stimulateD.modify

〖习题2〗Inthethirdline“moderate”probablymeans________________.

A.approximateB.generalC.maximumD.average

2.Plagiarismisoneofthemostseriousproblemsinschoolsandcolleges.Ithasoccurredaslongastherehavebeenteachersandstudents,buttherecentgrowthoftheInternethasmadeitmuchworse.Recentstudiesshow30%ofallstudentsmaybeplagiarizingoneverywrittenhomeworkthey’vedone.Whatisplagiarism?

Itisusingother’sideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom.

〖习题〗Theword“plagiarism”means_________.

A.cheatingintheexamsB.puttingother’swordsinquotations

C.rewritingother’sarticlesD.stealingother’sarticles

3.Radarisveryimportantinaviation（theaircraftindustry）today.

〖习题〗Here“aviation”means_______inChinese.

A.航天工业B.航海工业C.铁路运输工业D.飞机制造工业

4.Treesshouldbeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

〖习题1〗Thewordinbold“prune”mostprobablymeans___________.

A.removingtheleavesB.removingthebranches

C.cuttingawaypartsoftreesD.cuttingdownthetrees

〖习题2〗Whatdoes“it”referto?

A.leavingthetreetogrowinitsownway

B.cuttingawayovergrownandunwantedbranches

5.Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relativesandco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersinspiteofourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupport.Takingpartinfree-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistracting（转移注意力）usfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport---moneyaid,materialresources,andneededservices---thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveanddealwithourproblems.

〖习题〗Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“cushions”?

A.takesplaceofB.makesupofC.lessenstheeffectofD.getsridof

练习2、根据构词法来猜词义：

6.TheAmericanpoorarenotpoorinHongKongorinthesixteenthcentury,theyarepoorhereandnow,intheUnitedStates.Theyaredispossessedintermsofwhattherestofthenationsenjoy,intermsofwhatthesocietycouldprovideifithadthewill.

〖习题〗Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheword“dispossessed”inthepassage?

A.broughtinB.giventoC.takenawayfromD.caughtholdof

7.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.

〖习题〗Theword“impractical”mostprobablymeans____________inChinese.

A.不切实际的B.实际可行的C.异想天开的D.不能避免的

8.Then,onAugust2,ZhengHuanling,aselleroffakediplomas,wasthefirsttobesentencedtosixmonthsinprisoninBeijing.Butmoreimportantly,oneofZheng’scustomerswasalsosentencedtosixmonthsinprison.However,thislawhasnotputanendtotheblackmarket.SotheMOE（TheMinistryofEducation）hassetupthiswenetworkedasananswertotheproblem.

〖习题〗Theunderlinedphraseinthetextmeans______________.

A.thetradeinfakediplomasB.thedealinginthenight

C.thesaleoffakediplomasD.peoplebuyfakediplomasatnight

9.AccordingtoSRI,thusfartheyhavegeneratedhalfawattofpower.Halfawattofpowerismorethanenoughenergytorechargeacellphone.However,theyhopetoincreasetheamountofpowergeneratedtotowwattsbytheendofnextJanuary.Twowattsisenoughtopowerupsmallelectronicdevicessuchashandheldcomputes.BackedbytheDefenceDepartment,SRIisexpectingsmartercombatbootsforsoldiers.

〖习题〗Theunderlinedwords“thusfar”maymean________.

A.uptonowB.fromnowonC.atthemomentD.insuchalongtime

10.Butthecyclebrokedown.Teachersareoverabundantthesedays,collegeapplicationsaredown,plumbers（管子工）aremaking$12anhourandliberal-artsgraduatesarefacedwithachoice…graduateschoolorthetaxicaB.

〖习题〗Whatdoestheword“overabundant”meaninChinese?

A.过剩B.奇缺C.待遇优厚D.地位下降

练习3、综合练习：

11.Asamatteroffact,theimportanceofsmalltalkgoesfarbeyondtherelationshiptoone’sboss.Peoplewhofailtheartofspeakingalotwithoutactuallysayinganythingfindithardertocultivaterelationshipsintheworkplace,believesUlrichGoldschmidt,directoroftheseniormanagementassociationVDFinEssen.

〖习题〗Theunderlinedword“cultivate”inthetextmeans__________.

A.developB.breakupC.familiarizeD.bringup

12.…Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofcar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.…

〖习题〗Thewords“tookoff”underlinedinparagraph2mean_______

A.turnedoffB.movedoffC.putupD.setup

13.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.Somepeopleexpressangeropenlyinacalmreasonableway.Othersburstwithanger,losingcontrolofthemselves.Butotherpeoplerepresstheiranger.Theycannotorwillnotexpressit.

〖习题〗Whatdoesthephrase“represstheiranger”inthetextmean?

A.Forgettingone’sanger.B.Expressingone’sangeropenly.

C.Treatingone’sangercalmly.D.Keepingone’sangerinside.

14.…Wecouldn’taffordallthenecessarymedicationforhim,andbecauseDadwasunabletowork.Ihadnomoneyforschoolsuppliesandoftencouldn’tevenbuyfoodfordinner.Iwouldsitinclassfeelingcompletelylost,theteacher’swordsmuffledasItriedtofigureouthowIwasgoingtomanage.…

〖习题〗Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?

A.Kerrelcouldn’tunderstandherteacher.B.Kerrelhadspecialdifficultyinhearing.

C.Kerrelwastootroubledtofocusonthelesson.

D.Kerrelwastootiredtohearherteacher’swords.

15.Oneideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitethereverse,businesspolite,lifeitselfisgameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.

A.Quiteright.B.Timeenough.C.Mostunlike.D.Justtheopposite.

16.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.…Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.

〖习题〗Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”inthefirstparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.

A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimals

C.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeat

17.…Analyzingthelawofthetalion---aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth---WilliamIanMillerpresentsanoriginalthinkingovertheconceptof“payback.”

〖习题〗Theword“talion”inintroducingthebookEyeforanEyeisprobablyaconceptof_____.

A.medicineB.tradeC.avengingD.striving

18.