高考英语阅读理解猜测词义技巧训练.docx

1、高考英语阅读理解猜测词义技巧训练2019届高考英语阅读理解猜测词义技巧训练一. 阅读下列例题, 试判断下列加粗黑体字的意思：【例题】 (1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.(2)A biography is the story of a persons life written by someone else (3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA-money, Success or ex

2、pensive things to buy. 总结：【例题】 (1)He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.(2)Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味), we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncookeD.(3)-1 think we are be

3、ing watcheD. -Really? What makes you think we are under surveillance?(4)During the concert, the children were quiet but afterwards, they became boisterous. (5)Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person,who does not like to go to parties,or to make new friends.总结：【例题】(1)Scientists are studying

4、 how birds such terns migrate. (2)Today young couples whoare just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances?for example, washing-machines, fridges and (3)Several other gases, such as argon, comprise the remaining one per cent of the vo1ume of dry air. 总结：【例题】(1)She did

5、not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. (2)The noise was so faint that it was impossible to besure what it was or even where it came fronL(3)ThiS kind of flower thrives in this area because the weather is warm, the Soil is excellent, and there iS a lot of rain。总结：

6、【例题】(1) If he think she can invite me out, he is all wet. I dont like to be with the them.(2) At the age of 77, John was still playing a skill ful game of tennis, ran four miles everydday and seldom missed his daily swim. For a man of his age he was extremely robust. 总结：二. 理论指导：英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使

7、一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词, 就查阅词典, 不但会降低阅读速度, 而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。据调查, 影响人们阅读理解的, 首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法, 对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰, 降低生词率是十分必要的。 任何一个实词, 只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词, 也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in m

8、eaning to. ? 2. The underlined word, means_.3. The underlined phrase, means_. 4. The underlined sentence, means_.三.实践练习：练习I、根据上下文信息猜词义：1. Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and drieD. Too little conflict breeds apathy(冷漠) and stagnation(呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiven

9、ess (分裂)and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.习题1In the first line “breed” probably means _.A.make B. lead to C. stimulate D. modify习题2 In the third line “moderate” probably means _.A.approximate B. general C. m

10、aximum D. average2. Plagiarism is one of the most serious problems in schools and colleges. It has occurred as long as there have been teachers and students, but the recent growth of the Internet has made it much worse. Recent studies show 30% of all students may be plagiarizing on every written hom

11、ework theyve done. What is plagiarism? It is using others ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.习题The word “plagiarism” means _.A.cheating in the exams B. putting others words in quotationsC. rewriting others articles D. stealing others articles3. Radar is very imp

12、ortant in aviation (the aircraft industry) today.习题 Here “aviation” means _ in Chinese.A. 航天工业 B.航海工业 C. 铁路运输工业 D. 飞机制造工业4. Trees should be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown

13、and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.习题1The word in bold “prune” most probably means _.A.removing the leaves B. removing the branches C. cutting aw

14、ay parts of trees D. cutting down the trees习题2 What does “it” refer to? A.leaving the tree to grow in its own way B. cutting away overgrown and unwanted branches5. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our sel

15、f-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship support. T

16、aking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support-money aid, material resources, and needed services -that reduces stress by helping us re

17、solve and deal with our problems.习题 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”? A.takes place of B. makes up of C. lessens the effect of D. gets rid of 练习2、根据构词法来猜词义：6. The American poor are not poor in Hong Kong or in the sixteenth century, they are poor here and

18、 now, in the United States. They are dispossessed in terms of what the rest of the nations enjoy, in terms of what the society could provide if it had the will.习题 Which of the following can best replace the word “dispossessed” in the passage? A.brought in B. given to C. taken away from D. caught hol

19、d of7. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems.习题The word “impractical” most probably means _ in Chinese.A. 不切实际的 B. 实际可行的 C. 异想天开的 D. 不能避免的8. Then, on August 2, Zheng Huanling, a seller of fake diplomas, was

20、the first to be sentenced to six months in prison in Beijing. But more importantly, one of Zhengs customers was also sentenced to six months in prison. However, this law has not put an end to the black market. So the MOE (The Ministry of Education) has set up this we networked as an answer to the pr

21、oblem.习题The underlined phrase in the text means _.A.the trade in fake diplomas B. the dealing in the night C. the sale of fake diplomas D. people buy fake diplomas at night9. According to SRI, thus far they have generated half a watt of power. Half a watt of power is more than enough energy to recha

22、rge a cell phone. However, they hope to increase the amount of power generated to tow watts by the end of next January. Two watts is enough to power up small electronic devices such as handheld computes. Backed by the Defence Department, SRI is expecting smarter combat boots for soldiers.习题The under

23、lined words “thus far” may mean _.A.up to now B. from now on C. at the moment D. in such a long time10. But the cycle broke down. Teachers are overabundant these days, college applications are down, plumbers(管子工) are making $12 an hour and liberal-arts graduates are faced with a choicegraduate schoo

24、l or the taxicaB.习题What does the word “overabundant” mean in Chinese?A.过剩 B. 奇缺 C. 待遇优厚 D. 地位下降练习3、综合练习：11. As a matter of fact, the importance of small talk goes far beyond the relationship to ones boss. People who fail the art of speaking a lot without actually saying anything find it harder to cu

25、ltivate relationships in the workplace, believes Ulrich Goldschmidt, director of the senior management association VDF in Essen.习题 The underlined word “cultivate” in the text means _. A.develop B. break up C. familiarize D. bring up12.I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured

26、 from the back of car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. 习题The words “took off” underlined in paragraph 2 mean _ A.turned off B. moved off C. put up D. set up13. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others bur

27、st with anger, losing control of themselves. But other people repress their anger. They cannot or will not express it.习题What does the phrase “repress their anger” in the text mean? A.Forgetting ones anger. B. Expressing ones anger openly. C. Treating ones anger calmly. D. Keeping ones anger inside.1

28、4. We couldnt afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work. I had no money for school supplies and often couldnt even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teachers words muffled as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage.习题

29、 What can we learn from the underlined sentence?A.Kerrel couldnt understand her teacher. B. Kerrel had special difficulty in hearing.C. Kerrel was too troubled to focus on the lesson. D. Kerrel was too tired to hear her teachers words.15. One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game o

30、f perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.A.Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlike. D. Just the opposite.16. Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. If anothe

31、r animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.习题 By describing lions as “opportunist” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions_. A.are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat17. Analyzing the law of the talion-an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth-William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back.”习题The word “talion” in introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of_.A.medicine B. trade C. avenging D. striving18.