论国际贸易惯例.docx

论国际贸易惯例.docx

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论国际贸易惯例

XXXX大学

毕业设计（报告）

课题:

论国际贸易惯例

学生:

XX系部:

工商管理系

班级：

国际贸易1班学号:

XXXXXXX

指导教师:

XX

装订交卷日期:

XXXX-XX-XX

装订顺序:

（1）封面

（2）毕业设计（报告）成绩评定记录（3）标题、中文摘要及关键词（4）正文（5）附录（6）参考文献

毕业设计（报告）成绩评定记录表

指导教师评语（包含学生在毕业实习期间的表现）:

成绩（平时成绩）:

指导教师签名：

年月日

评阅教师评语：

成绩（评阅成绩）:

评阅教师签名：

年月日

总评成绩:

注：

1.此表适用于不参加毕业答辩学生的毕业设计（报告）成绩评定；

2.平时成绩占40%、卷面评阅成绩占60%，在上面的评分表中，可分别按40分、60分来量化评分，二项相加所得总分即为总评成绩，总评成绩请转换为优秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格五等级计分。

教务处

ConcerningtheInternationalTradeCustom

[Abstract]

Whatisinternationaltrade?

Itisalsoknownasworldtrade,foreigntrade,etc.Itrefertotheprocessoffairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsorservicesbetweentwoormorecountries,involvingtheuseoftwoormorecurrencies.Besides,internationaltradeconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportinculdingthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.

Internationaltradehasalongstory.DatedbacktotheMiddleAges,merchantsshippedcanoesoverseas,andsoldthegoodsdirectlytoforeignbuyers.Withthedevelopmentoftransportationandcommunicationtechnologiesdevelopedespeciallyduringtheindustrialrevolution,internationaltradegrewrapidly,whichinturnstimulatedanupsurgeofinsuranceandbankingoperationsorientedtowardinternationalpaymentsandsettlement.Recently,thankstounprecedenteddevelopmentoftechniquesandservicesinalltrade-relatedfieldsaswellasthegreatimprovementintrade-relatedlaws,regulationsandconventions,internationaltradeisgrowingevenfasterandinvolvingevenmorecountries.Asoneofthemostimportanteconomicactivitiesintheworldtoday,internationaltradeplaysamoreimportantroleinthedevelopmentofanation’seconomyandintheaccelerationofglobalizationworldwide.

Whydonationstradewithoneanother?

Theprimaryreasonforoneindividualtotradewithanotheristhattheformerhastheproductsmorethanhisconsumptionandthelatterhasthedemendforthesameproducts.Andthereisasloresourcereason,economicreason,andotherreasonforinternationaltrade.

Withtheincreasingshareininternationaltrade,China’sstandingintheworldeconomicfieldhadcontinuedtorise.China’sinternationaltradehavebecomeincreasinglyfrequent.Nevertheless,whenthetradeisthatexecutedbeyongnationalfrontiers,itisinvariablysubjecttothepolitical,socialandeconomicpoliciesofnations.Specialproblemsthatarenotnormallyexperiencedwhentradingathomemayariseininternationaltrade.Inparticular;thedifferentlanguage,culture,lawsandriskmustbeopentomisconstruction.Sotheinternationaltradedisputeintheinternationaltradeisinevitable,andtrapseverywhere.Howtosolveinternationaltradedisputes?

whatisthebasisofit?

It’sInternationalTradeCustom..

[KeyWords]internationaltradecustom；dispute;Solution,guiding

Catalogue

[Abstract]I

CatalogueII

I.AnoverviewoftheinternationaltradeCustom.1

A.Whatistheinternationaltradecustom?

1

B.ThenatureoftheinternationaltradeCustom.1

C.Thecharacteristicoftheinternationaltradecustom.1

D.HowtoputtousetheinternationaltradeCustom.2

II.ThesortoftheinternationaltradeCustom.4

A.《URC522》4

B.《UCP600》5

C.《INCOTERMS2000》6

a.EGroups7

b.FGroups7

c.CGroups8

d.DGroups9

D.《Warsaw-OxfordRules1932》11

E.《RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinition1941》11

III.ExamplesfortheinternationaltradeCustom12

A.《UCP600》fortheIrrevocableL/C12

B.Howtochoosethetermsofpayment?

12

IV.Theend14

A.Theeffectoftheinternationaltradecustom14

B.Theimportanceofstudyingtheinternationaltradecustom.15

References:

16

AcknoWledgmcnts:

17

I.AnoverviewoftheinternationaltradeCustom.

A.Whatistheinternationaltradecustom?

Internationaltradecustom,alsoknownasInternationalbusinesscustomorInternationaleconomyandtradecustom.TheInternationalorganizationsinordertoreducethetradedispute,standardizetradebehaviour.ItbuiltontremendousamountofpracticebytheInternationalorganizationtoredactandexplainasthehabitualpractice.Bythemiddleof19century,alongperiodoftime,therewasstillnotacompleteandunifiedexplanationforthetermsofinternationaltrade,Eachcountryorareahashisowninterpretationandmethod,ThisdifferencegoagainstthedevelopmentofInternationaltrade,Inordertosolvetheproblems,InternationalChamberofCommerce（ICC）,InternationalLawAssociation,andsomefamouscommercialgroupsofAmericanthroughprotractedandunremittingefforts,theyinstituterulessofInterpretationaboutinternationalcommercialterms,theserulesarewidelyacceptedbytheworld,thusformingthegeneralInternationaltradepractices.

B.ThenatureoftheinternationaltradeCustom.

a.theinternationaltradeCustomhasnolegallybindingforceorcompulsoryforlitigantonaccountofititselfisnotlaw,

b.Theadoptionandapplicabilityoftheinternationaltradecustommustbebasedonvoluntary.UnderthecontractBuyersandsellers’behaviorinconsistentwiththestipulateforcustom,ifthecontractcanbeestablishedvalidly,bothofthepartiesshallperformtheirdutiesaccordingtothecontract.Incaseofanydispute,thecontractalsoshouldbemaintaineditsvaliditybythecourtsandarbitration.

C.Thecharacteristicoftheinternationaltradecustom.

a.Itformspontaneouslyinlong-terminternationaltradepractice.Theformingprocesswasnotcontrolledandrestrictedbygovernment.Theformingofcultureisbasedonthecompilationofcommercialautonomousorganizationsspontaneously.Thismakesitdifferentwithmunicipallawwhichmadebythenationallegislatureorinternationaltreatieswhichrelyonnegotiationsandcompromisebetweencountries.That'sexactlynon-sovereignhadgreatlyincreasedinternationaltradepracticesoftheuniversalapplicability.

b.ItreferstobusinessinaregionorafieldforpeopleengagedinInternationaltradeactivitiesandbewidelyacceptedandfollowedpracticesormethods.Theimpersonalcharacteristicsofinternationaltradecustomisthefortuitouspracticescannotbeit.Heretheuniversaladherenceanddoesnotrequireeveryoneshallunderstandandaccept,ifonlymostpeopleinthisprofessionalreadyknowandacceptit,thenwecansupposeothersknowthiscustom.Earlyinternationaltradecustomsgenerallyformedinsomebigharborandquay,theirsomereasonableapproachareacceptedbytheotherpeopleslowly.ThelongshoremeninU.S.WestCoastcollectsundrychargesfromthecontainershipperstoprotecthisownbenefit.Thechargeswerelistedinlinertermsorlinerfreightbythelinerunion.Thusthispracticebecameinternationaltradecustombetweencolleagues.

c.Internationaltradepracticesmustbeabletomakepeoplehavethesenseofobligationandresponsibilitytoobeyit。

Itissubjectivecharacteristicsofinternationaltradecustom.Psychologicalfactorsforjudgingtheexistenceofcustomisveryimportant,simpleregularpracticeandwithcorrespondingpsychologycannotconstitutetheinternationaltradecustom.Inpractice,toprovethiscertitudeinpsychologicalornot,ofcourse,thatmeanscanbeverydifficult.

d.Ithasnomandatoryapplication,peoplehavefreedom-to-operate.Onlythepartiesagreetoexpressorimplied,theinternationaltradecustomcouldhavelegaleffectivenessontheparties.Ifthepartiesexpressorimpliedtoacrosstheinternationaltradecustoms,itcannotforceit uponbytheparties.

D.HowtoputtousetheinternationaltradeCustom.

Whenadisputehappensbetweentheparties,

a.iftherulesofcontractincontradictionwiththecustom,thecourtsorarbitrationshouldbasedonthestipulationsofthecontractprevail.

b.ifthecontractrulescausenoconflictswiththecustom,thecourtsorarbitrationshouldbasedonthestipulationsofthecustomprevail.

c.ifinthecontractexplicitlystipulatedtoadoptsomecertaincustom,thenitbecomemandatory.

II.ThesortoftheinternationaltradeCustom.

A.《URC522》

ItisshortforTheUniformRulesforCollection,1995Revision,ICCPublicationNo.522。

Inordertomeetwiththeneedsofinternationaltradedevelopment，InternationalChamberofCommercemadeupthedocumentarycollectionsrulestoreducecontradictionsanddisputesamongtheparties。

Ithas26articleswhichincluldinggeneralprinciplesanddefinitions，formsandstructuresofcollection，promptingmode，rightandliability，payment，interestandpoundage，etc。

ApplicationofURC522

a.ItshallapplytoallcollectionsasdefinedinArticle2（ThefollowingDefinitionofCollection）wheresuchrulesareincorporatedintothetextofthe“collectioninstruction”referredtoinArticle4andarebindingonallpartiestheretounlessotherwiseexpresslyagreedorcontrarytotheprovisionsofanational,stateorlocallawand/orregulationwhichcannotbedepartedfrom.。

b.Banksshallhavenoobligationtohandleeitheracollectionoranycollectioninstructionorsubsequentrelatedinstructions.

c.Ifabankelects,foranyreason,nottohandleacollectionoranyrelatedinstructionsreceivedbyit,itmustadvisethepartyfromwhomitreceivedthecollectionortheinstructionsbytelecommunicationor,ifthatisnotpossible,byotherexpeditiousmeans,withoutdelay。

DefinitionofCollection

ForthepurposesoftheseArticles:

a.“Collection”meansthehandlingbybanksofdocumentsasdefinedinsub-Article2（b）,inaccordancereceived,inorderto:

1.Obtainpaymentand/oracceptance,or

2.Deliverdocumentsagainstpaymentand/oragainstacceptance,or

3.Deliverdocumentsonothertermsandconditions

b.“Documents”meansfinancialdocumentsand/orcommercialdocuments:

1.“Financialdocuments”meansbillsofexchange,promissorynotes,cheques,orothersimil