高级英语第一册Unit 1 文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案.docx
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高级英语第一册Unit1文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案
《高级英语》AdvancedEnglish
第一册
Unit1TheMiddleEasternBazaar
THEMIDDLEEASTERNBAZAAR教学目的及重点难点
Aimsofteaching
1.Tocomprehendthewholetext
2.Toleanandmasterthevocabularyandexpressions
3.Tounderstandthestructureofthetext
4.Toappreciatethestyleandrhetoricofthepassage.
Importantanddifficultpoints
1.Whatisdescription?
2.Thecomprehensionandappreciationofthewordsdescribingsound,colour,light,heat,sizeandsmell.
3.Theappreciationofthewordsandexpressionsusedforstressandexaggeration.
4.Someusefulexpressionssuchastomakeapointof,itisapointofhonour…,andetc
Backgroundinformation
ThistextistakenfromAdvancedComprehensionandAppreciationPieces(1962),whichwasintendedforstudentspreparingfortheCambridgeCertificateofProficiencyExamination,&forstudentsinthetopclassofsecondaryschoolsorinthefirstyearofauniversitycourse.
TheMiddleEasternBazaar
TheMiddleEasternbazaartakesyoubackhundreds---eventhousands---ofyears.TheoneIamthinkingofparticularlyisenteredbyaGothic-archedgatewayofagedbrickandstone.Youpassfromtheheatandglareofabig,opensquareintoacool,darkcavernwhichextendsasfarastheeyecansee,losingitselfintheshadowydistance.Littledonkeyswithharmoniouslytinklingbellsthreadtheirwayamongthethrongsofpeopleenteringandleavingthebazaar.Theroadwayisabouttwelvefeetwide,butitisnarrowedeveryfewyardsbylittlestallswheregoodsofeveryconceivablekindaresold.Thedinofthestall-holder;cryingtheirwares,ofdonkey-boysandportersclearingawayforthemselvesbyshoutingvigorously,andofwould-bepurchasersarguingandbargainingiscontinuousandmakesyoudizzy.
Thenasyoupenetratedeeperintothebazaar,thenoiseoftheentrancefadesaway,andyoucometothemutedcloth-market.Theearthenfloor,beatenhardbycountlessfeet,deadensthesoundoffootsteps,andthevaultedmud-brickwallsandroofhavehardlyanysoundstoecho.Theshop-keepersspeakinslow,measuredtones,andthebuyers,overwhelmedbythesepulchralatmosphere,followsuit.
OneofthepeculiaritiesoftheEasternbazaaristhatshopkeepersdealinginthesamekindofgoodsdonotscatterthemselvesoverthebazaar,inordertoavoidcompetition,butcollectinthesamearea,sothatpurchaserscanknowwheretofindthem,andsothattheycanformacloselyknitguildagainstinjusticeorpersecution.Inthecloth-market,forinstance,allthesellersofmaterialforclothes,curtains,chaircoversandsoonlinetheroadwayonbothsides,eachopen-frontedshophavingatrestletrestletablefordisplayandshelvesforstorage.Bargainingistheorderofthecay,andveiledwomenmoveataleisurelypacefromshoptoshop,selecting,pricinganddoingalittlepreliminarybargainingbeforetheynarrowdowntheirchoiceandbeginthereallyseriousbusinessofbeatingthepricedown.
Itisapointofhonourwiththecustomernottolettheshopkeeperguesswhatitisshereallylikesandwantsuntilthelastmoment.Ifhedoesguesscorrectly,hewillpricetheitemhigh,andyieldlittleinthebargaining.Theseller,ontheotherhand,makesapointofprotestingthatthepriceheischargingisdeprivinghimofallprofit,andthatheissacrificingthisbecauseofhispersonalregardforthecustomer.Bargainingcangoonthewholeday,orevenseveraldays,withthecustomercomingandgoingatintervals.
Oneofthemostpicturesqueandimpressivepartsofthebazaaristhecopper-smiths'market.Asyouapproachit,atinklingandbangingandclashingbeginstoimpingeonyourear.Itgrowslouderandmoredistinct,untilyouroundacornerandseeafairylandofdancingflashes,astheburnishedcoppercatchesthelightofinnumerablelampsandbraziers.Ineachshopsittheapprentices–boysandyouths,someofthemincrediblyyoung–hammeringawayatcoppervesselsofallshapesandsizes,whiletheshop-ownerinstructs,andsometimestakesahandwithahammerhimself.Inthebackground,atinyapprenticeblowsabi-,charcoalfirewithahugeleatherbellowsworkedbyastringattachedtohisbigtoe--theredofthelivecoalsglowing,brightandthendimmingrhythmicallytothestrokesofthebellows.
Hereyoucanfindbeautifulpotsandbowlsengravewithdelicateandintricatetraditionaldesigns,orthesimple,everydaykitchenwareusedinthiscountry,pleasinginform,butundecoratedandstrictlyfunctional.Elsewherethereisthecarpet-market,withitsprofusionofrichcolours,variedtexturesandregionaldesigns--someboldandsimple,othersunbelievablydetailedandyetharmonious.Thenthereisthespice-market,withitspungentandexoticsmells;andthefood-market,whereyoucanbuyeverythingyouneedforthemostsumptuousdinner,orsitinatinyrestaurantwithportersandapprenticesandeatyourhumblebreadandcheese.Thedye-market,thepottery-marketandthecarpenters'marketlieelsewhereinthemazeofvaultedstreetswhichhoneycombthisbazaar.Everyhereandthere,adoorwaygivesaglimpseofasunlitcourtyard,perhapsbeforeamosqueoracaravanserai,wherecamelsliedisdainfullychewingtheirhay,whilethegreatbalesofmerchandisetheyhavecarriedhundredsofmilesacrossthedesertliebesidethem.
Perhapsthemostunforgettablethinginthebazaar,apartfromitsgeneralatmosphere,istheplacewheretheymakelinseedoil.Itisavast,sombrecavernofaroom,somethirtyfeethighandsixtyfeetsquare,andsothickwiththedustofcenturiesthatthemudbrickwallsandvaultedroofareonlydimlyvisible.Inthiscavernarethreemassivestonewheels,eachwithahugepolethroughitscentreasanaxle.Thepoleisattachedattheoneendtoanuprightpost,aroundwhichitcanrevolve,andattheothertoablind-foldedcamel,whichwalksconstantlyinacircle,providingthemotivepowertoturnthestonewheel.Thisrevolvesinacircularstonechannel,intowhichanattendantfeedslinseed.Thestonewheelcrushesittoapulp,whichisthenpressedtoextracttheoil.ThecamelsarethelargestandfinestIhaveeverseen,andinsuperbcondition–muscular,massiveandstately.
Thepressingofthelinseedpulptoextracttheoilisdonebyavastramshackleapparatusofbeamsandropesandpulleyswhichtowerstothevaultedceilinganddwarfsthecamelsandtheirstonewheels.Themachineisoperatedbyoneman,whoshovelsthelinseedpulpintoastonevat,climbsupnimblytoadizzyheighttofastenropes,andthenthrowshisweightontoagreatbeammadeoutofatreetrunktosettheropesandpulleysinmotion.Ancientgirdersgirderscreakandgroan,ropestightenandthenatrickleofoiloozesoozesdownastonerunnelintoausedpetrolcan.Quicklythetricklebecomesafloodofglisteninglinseedoilasthebeamsinksearthwards,tautandprotesting,itscreaksblendingwiththesqueakingandrumblingofthegrinding-wheelsandtheoccasionalgruntsandsighsofthecamels.
(fromAdvancedComprehensionandAppreciationpieces,1962)
NOTES
1)ThispieceistakenfromAdvancedComprehensionandAppreciationPieces,compiledforoverseasstudentsbyL.A.HillandD.J.May,publishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,HongKong,1962.
2)MiddleEast:
generallyreferringtotheareafromAfghanistantoEgypt,includingtheArabianPeninsula,Cyprus,andAsiaticTurkey.
3)Gothic:
astyleofarchitectureoriginatedinN.Francein11thcentury,characterizedbypointedarches,ribbedvaulting,steep,highroofs,etc.
4)veiledwomen:
SomeMoslemsusetheveil---moreappropriately,thepurdah---tosecludeorhidetheirwomenfromtheeyesofstrangers.
5)caravanserai(caravansary):
intheMiddleEast,akindofinnwithalargecentralcourt,wherebandsofmerchantsorpilgrims,togetherwiththeircamelsorhorses,stayforshelterandrefreshment
THEMIDDLEEASTERNBAZAAR文章结构
THEMIDDLEEASTERNBAZAAR
Structuralandstylisticanalysis&WritingTechnique
SectionI:
(paras.1,2)Generalatmosphere
TopicSentence:
TheMiddleEastern...takesyou...years.
ancientness,backwardness,primitiveness
harmonious,liveliness,self-sufficient,simple,notsophisticated,active,vigorous,healthy
SectionII(Oneofthepeculiarities)theclothmarket
SectionIII(Oneofthemostpicturesque)thecoppersmithmarketandetc.
SectionIV(Perhapsthemostunforgettable)themillwherelinseedoilismade
TYPEofWriting:
Description:
Adescriptionispaintingapictureinwordsofaperson,place,object,orscene.
adescriptionessayisgenerallydevelopedthroughsensorydetails,ortheimpressionsofone’ssenses---sight,hearing,taste,smellandtouch.Thewritergenerallychoosesthosethathelptobringoutthedominantcharacteristicoroutstandingqualityofthepersonorthingdescribed.
1.FromMacrotoMicro
2.wordsappealingtosenses:
light&heat,sound&movement,andsmell&colour.
3nouns,adjectivesandevenadverbsusedasverbs:
thread,round,narrow,price,live,toweranddwarf.
4.wordsimitatingsounds:
onomatopoeia.
5.stressfulandimpressivesentencestructures:
theoneIamthinkingofparticularly…
oneofthepeculiarities…
oneofthemostpicturesqueandimpressiveparts…
themostunforgettablethinginthebazaar,…
TheMiddleEasternBazaar课文讲解
THEMIDDLEEASTERNBAZAAR
DetailedStudyoftheText
1.MiddleEast:
SoutheastAsiaandNortheastAfrica,includingtheNearEastandIranandAfghanistan.
NearEase:
theArabianPeninsula(SaudiArabia,Yemen,Oman,UnitedArabEmirates,Qatar,Bahrein,andKuwait),Turkey,Iraq,Syria,Jordan,Lebanon,