希尔国际商务课后习题参考答案英文版.docx

希尔国际商务课后习题参考答案英文版.docx

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希尔国际商务课后习题参考答案英文版

Globalbusinesstoday

Chapter1:

Globalization

1.Describetheshiftsintheworldeconomyoverthelast30years.WhataretheimplicationsoftheseshiftsforinternationalbusinessesbasedinGreatBritain?

NorthAmerica?

HongKong?

Answer:

Theworldeconomyhasshifteddramaticallyoverthepast30years.Aslateasthe1960s,fourstylizedfactsdescribedthedemographicsoftheglobaleconomy.ThefirstwasU.S.dominanceintheworldeconomyandworldtrade.ThesecondwasU.S.dominanceintheworldforeigndirectinvestmentpicture.Relatedtothis,thethirdfactwasthedominanceoflarge,multinationalU.S.firmsintheinternationalbusinessscene.Thefourthwasthatroughlyhalfoftheglobe-thecentrallyplannedeconomiesoftheCommunistworld-wasoff-limitstoWesterninternationalbusinesses.Allofthesedemographicfactshavechanged.AlthoughtheU.S.remainstheworld'sdominanteconomicpower,itsshareofworldoutputandworldexportshavedeclinedsignificantlysincethe1960s.ThistrenddoesnotreflecttroubleintheU.S.economy,butratherreflectsthegrowingindustrializationofdevelopingcountriessuchasChina,India,Indonesia,andSouthKorea.Thistrendisalsoreflectedintheworldforeigndirectinvestmentpicture.AsdepictedinFigure1.2inthetextbook,theshareofworldoutput（orthestockofforeigndirectinvestment）generatedbydevelopingcountrieshasbeenonasteadyincreasesincethe1960s,whiletheshareofworldoutputgeneratedbyrichindustrialcountrieshasbeenonasteadydecline.Shiftsintheworldeconomycanalsobeseenthroughtheshiftingpowerofmultinationalenterprises.Sincethe1960s,therehavebeentwonotabletrendsinthedemographicsofthemultinationalenterprise.Thefirsthasbeentheriseofnon-U.S.multinationals,particularlyJapanesemultinationals.Thesecondhasbeentheemergenceofagrowingnumberofsmallandmedium-sizedmultinationals,calledmini-multinationals.ThefallofCommunisminEasternEuropeandtherepublicsoftheformerSovietUnionhavebroughtaboutthefinalshiftintheworldeconomy.ManyoftheformerCommunistnationsofEuropeandAsiaseemtoshareacommitmenttodemocraticpoliticsandfreemarketeconomies.SimilardevelopmentsarebeingobservedinLatinAmerica.Ifthesetrendscontinue,theopportunitiesforinternationalbusinessmaybeenormous.TheimplicationsoftheseshiftsaresimilarforNorthAmericaandBritain.TheUnitedStatesandBritainoncehadtheluxuryofbeingthedominantplayersintheworldarena,withlittlesubstantivecompetitionfromthedevelopingnationsoftheworld.Thathaschanged.Today,U.S.andBritishmanufacturersmustcompetewithcompetitorsfromacrosstheworldtowinorders.ThechangingdemographicsoftheworldeconomyfavoracitylikeHongKong.HongKong（whichisnowunderChineserule）iswelllocatedwitheasyaccesstomarketsinJapan,SouthKorea,Indonesia,andotherAsianmarkets.HongKonghasavibrantlaborforcethatcancompeteonparwiththeindustrializednationsoftheworld.ThedeclineintheinfluenceoftheU.S.andBritainontheglobaleconomyprovidesopportunitiesforcompaniesinHongKongtoaggressivelypursueexportmarkets.

2."Thestudyofinternationalbusinessisfineifyouaregoingtoworkinalargemultinationalenterprise,butithasnorelevanceforindividualswhoaregoingtoworkinsmallerfirms."Evaluatethisstatement.

Answer:

Peoplewhobelieveinthisview,andthefirmsthattheyworkfor,mayfindthattheydonotachievetheirfullpotential（atbest）andmayultimatelyfailbecauseoftheirmyopia.Asbarrierstotradedecreaseandstateofthearttechnologicaldevelopmentstakeplacethroughouttheworld,newopportunitiesandthreatsexistonaworldwidebasis.Theriseofthemini-multinationalssuggeststhereareglobalopportunitiesevenforsmallfirms.Butstayingattunedtointernationalmarketsisnotonlyimportantfromtheperspectiveofseekingprofitableopportunitiesforsmallfirms;itcanalsobecriticalforlong-termcompetitivesurvival.Firmsfromothercountriesmaybedevelopingproductsthat,ifsoldinternationally,maywipeoutsmalldomesticcompetitors.Scanninginternationalmarketsforthebestsuppliersisalsoimportantforsmallfirms,forifadomesticcompetitorisabletotapintoasuperiorsupplierfromaforeigncountry,itmaybeabletoseriouslyerodeasmallfirm'scompetitivepositionbeforethesmallfirmunderstandsthesourceofitscompetitor'scompetitiveadvantageandcantakeappropriatecounteractions.

3.Howhavechangesintechnologycontributedtotheglobalizationofmarketsandofproduction?

Wouldtheglobalizationofproductionandmarketshavebeenpossiblewithoutthesetechnologicalchanges?

Answer:

Changesintechnologyhavecontributedtotheglobalizationofmarketsandofproductioninaverysubstantivemanner.Forinstance,improvementsintransportationtechnologyhavepavedthewayforcompanieslikeCoca-Cola,LeviStrauss,SonyandMcDonaldstomaketheirproductsavailableworldwide.Similarly,improvementsincommunicationstechnologyhavehadamajorimpact.Theabilitytonegotiateacrosscontinentshasbeenfacilitatedbyimprovedcommunicationstechnology,andtherapidlydecreasingcostofcommunicationshasloweredtheexpenseofcoordinatingandcontrollingaglobalcorporation.Finally,theimpactofinformationtechnologyhasbeenfarreaching.CompaniescannowgainworldwideexposuresimplybysettingupahomepageontheInternet.Thistechnologywasnotavailablejustafewshortyearsago.Theglobalizationofproductionandmarketsmayhavebeenpossiblewithoutimprovementsintechnology,butthepaceofglobalizationwouldhavebeenmuchslower.Thefallingcostoftechnologyhasmadeitaffordableformanydevelopingnations,whichhasbeeninstrumentalinhelpingthesenationsimprovetheirshareofworldoutputandworldexports.Theinclusionofthesenations,suchasChina,India,Thailand,andSouthKorea,hasbeeninstrumentalintheglobalizationofmarketsandproduction.Inaddition,improvementsinglobaltransportationandcommunicationhavemadeitrelativelyeasyforbusinessexecutivesfromdifferentcountriestoconversewithoneanother.Iftheseformsoftechnology,includingair-travel,faxcapability,e-mail,andovernightdeliveryofpackageswerenotavailable,itwouldbemuchmoredifficultforbusinessestoconductinternationaltrade.

4."Ultimately,thestudyofinternationalbusinessisnodifferentfromthestudyofdomesticbusiness.Thus,thereisnopointinhavingaseparatecourseoninternationalbusiness."Evaluatethisstatement.

Answer:

Thisstatementreflectsapoorunderstandingoftheuniquechallengesinvolvedininternationalbusiness.Managinganinternationalbusinessisdifferentfrommanagingapurelydomesticbusinessforatleastfourreasons.Theseare:

（1）countriesaredifferent;

（2）therangeofproblemsconfrontedbyamanagerinaninternationalbusinessiswiderandtheproblemsthemselvesmorecomplexthanthoseconfrontedbyamanagerinadomesticbusiness;（3）aninternationalbusinessmustfindwaystoworkwithinthelimitsimposedbygovernmentinterventionintheinternationaltradeandinvestmentsystem;and（4）internationaltransactionsinvolveconvertingmoneyintodifferentcurrencies.Asaresultofthesedifferences,thereareamplereasonsforstudyinginternationalbusinessasaspecificfieldofstudyordiscipline.

5.HowmighttheInternetandtheassociatedWorldWideWebimpactinternationalbusinessactivityandtheglobalizationoftheworldeconomy?

Answer:

Accordingtothetext,theInternetandWorldWideWeb（WWW）promisetodevelopintotheinformationbackgroundoftomorrow'sglobaleconomy.Thisimprovedtechnologywillnotonlymakeiteasierforindividualsandcompaniesindifferentcountriestoconductbusinesswithoneanother,butwillalsofurtherdecreasethecostofcommunications.Theseimprovementswillundoubtedlyhastenthealreadyrapidpaceofglobalization.AnotherdistinctattributeoftheInternetandtheWWWisthattheyactasanequalizerbetweenlarge（resourcerich）andsmall（resourcepoor）firms.Forinstance,itdoesnotcostanymoreforasmallsoftwarefirmtogainvisibilityviatheWWWthanitdoesforalargesoftwarecompanylikeMicrosoft.Asaresult,theWWWhelpssmallcompaniesreachthesizeofaudiencethatwaspreviouslyonlywithinthereachoflarge,resourcerichfirms.

6.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,Chinamayemergeastheworld'slargesteconomyby2020.Discussthepossibleimplicationsofsuchadevelopmentfor

（1）Theworldtradingsystem.

（2）Theworldmonetarysystem.（3）Thebusinessstrategyoftoday'sEuropeanandU.S.basedglobalcorporations.

（4）Globalcommodityprices.

Answer:

Theworldtradingsystemwouldclearlybeaffectedbysuchadevelopment.CurrentlyChinaenjoysasomewhatprivilegedstatuswithintheWorldTradeOrganizationasa“developing”country.Sucharisetoeminence,however,wouldclearlyforceittobecomeafullandequalmember,withalltherightsandresponsibilities.Chinawouldalsobeinapositiontoactivelyaffectthetermsoftradebetweenmanycountries.Onthemonetaryfront,onewouldexpectthatChinawouldhavetohavefullyconvertibleandtradingcurrency,anditcouldbecomeoneofthe“benchmark”currenciesoftheworld.FromtheperspectiveofWesternglobalfirms,Chinawouldrepresentbothahugemarket,andpotentiallythehomebaseofsomeverycapablecompetitors.Finally,commoditypriceswouldprobablyfall.

7.ReadtheCountryFocusinthischapterontheEcuadorianroseindustry,theanswerthefollowingquestions:

a）Howhasparticipationinthei