人物传记类.docx

人物传记类.docx

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人物传记类

人物传记类

第一部分五年高考题荟萃

Passage1

（09·浙江E篇）

FourpeopleinEnglandbackin1953,staredatPhoto51,Itwasn’tmuch—apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowed–theshapeofDNAThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.

HernamewasRosalindFranklin.”Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,”sayshistorianMaryBowden.”Ifherphotoshadn’tbeenthere,theotherscouldn’thavecomeupwiththestructure.”OnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitors

AtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandClicktriedtomakemodelsbycuttingupshapesofDNA’spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,atKing’sCollegeinLondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule（分子）.Theraysproducedpatternsreflectiontheshape.

ButWilkinsandFranklin’srelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebratedteamworkofWatsonandCrick,WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.

WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,“Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnoteasilybend.Clearlyshehadtotogoorbeputinherplace.”

AsFranklin’scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”

No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,”Abir-Amsays.ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedasthe“DarkLadyofDNA”,Franklinisfinallycomingintothelight.

57.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.

B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.

C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.

D.Theracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.

58.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.

A.tooktheleadinthecompetitionB.keptherresultsfromhim

C.provedsomeofhisfindingswrongD.sharedherdatawithotherscientists

59.WhyisFranklindescribedas“DarkLadyofDNA”?

A.Shedevelopedpicturesindarklabs.

B.ShediscoveredtheblackX-theshapeofDNA.

C.Hernamewasforgottenafterherdeath.

D.Hercontributionwasunknowntothepublic.

60.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?

A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.

答案57.B58.C59.D60.A

Passage2

（09·重庆B篇）

HowtoBeaWinner

　　SirStevenRedgrave

　　Winnerof5OlympicGoldMedals

　　“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes（糖尿病）.Believingmycareer（职业生涯）wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewastonoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit-theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn'tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”

　　KarenPickering

　　SwimmingWorldChampion

“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary.Thisisthekeytosuccess-youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwell-organized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.”

　　KirstenBest

　　Poet&Writer

“Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan’tachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions,suchasfamilyorhobbies.Thekeyistoconcentrate.WhenIfeeltense,ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm’,‘peace’or‘focus’,eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind.Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological（心理的）tool”

　60.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?

　　A.Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.

　　B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.

　　C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.

　　D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.

　61.WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary?

　　A.Hertrainingschedule.

　　B.Herdailyhappenings.

　　C.Herachievements.

　　D.Hersportscareer.

　62.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions”probablyreferto？

　　A.Waysthathelponetofocus.

　　B.Wordsthathelponetofeellesstense.

　　C.Activitiesthatturnone'sattentionaway.

　　D.Habitsthatmakeithardforonetorelax.

　63.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothethreepeoplehaveincommon?

　　A.Courage.

　　B.Devotion.

　　C.Hardwork.

　　D.Self-confidence.

答案60.D61.A62.C63.D

Passage3

（09·宁夏、海南B篇）

ComputerprogrammerDavidJonesearns$35.000ayeardesigningnewcomputergames.yethecannotfindabankreadytolethimhaveacreditcard（信用卡）Insteadhehasbeentoldtowaitanothertwoyearsuntilheis18.The16-year-oldworksforasmallfirminLiverpoolwheretheproblemofmostyoungpeopleofhisageisfindingajobDavid’sfirmreleases（推出）twonewgamesforthefastgrowingcomputermarketeachmonth

ButDavid’sbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.Eventhoughheearnsalothecannotdriveacartakeoutamortgage（抵押贷款）,orgetcreditcardsDavidgothisjobwiththeLiverpool-basedcompanyfourmonthsago,ayearafterleavingschoolwithsixO-levelsandworkingforatimeinacomputershop.“IgotthejobbecausethepeoplewhorunthefirmknewIhadalreadywrittensomeprograms”hesaidDavidspendssomeofhismoneyonrecordsandclothesandgiveshismother50poundsaweekButmostofhissparetimeisspentworking.

“Unfortunately,computingwasnotpartofourstudiesatschool“hesaid“ButIhadbeenstudyingitinbooksandmagazinesforfouryearsinmysparetimeIknewwhatIwantedtodoandneverconsideredstayingonatschoolMostpeopleinthisbusinessarefairlyyoung,anyway”Davidadded:

”IwouldliketoearnamillionandIsupposeearlyretirement（退休）isapossibilityYouneverknowwhenthemarketmightdisappear.”

60．InwhatwayisDaviddifferentfrompeopleofhisage?

A．Heoftengoesoutwithfriends

B．Heliveswithhismother

C．Hehasahandsomeincome

D．HegraduatedwithsixO-levels

61．WhatisoneoftheproblemsthatDavidisfacingnow?

A．Heistooyoungtogetacreditcard

B．Hehasnotimetolearndriving

C．Hehasverylittlesparetime

D．Hewillsoonlosehisjob

62．WhywasDavidabletogetthejobinthecompany?

A．Hehaddonewellinallhisexams

B．Hehadwrittensomecomputerprograms

C．Hewasgoodatplayingcomputergames

D．Hehadlearnttousecomputersatschool

63．WhydidDaviddecidetoleaveschoolandstartworking?

A．Hereceivedlotsofjoboffers

B．Hewaseagertohelphismother

C．Helostinterestinschoolstudies

D．Hewantedtoearnhisownliving

答案60.C61.A62.B63.C

Passage4

（09·陕西B篇）

Whenpeoplehearapresidentspeak,theyseldomthinkaboutothershelpingtoshapethepresentation（报告）.Today,however,presidentsdependonwriterssuchasJ.TerryEdmondstohelpthemcommunicate（交流）effectively.EdmondsisthefirstAfricanAmericanevertoworkasafull-timespeechwriterforaU.S.president;heissothefirstAfricanAmericantoserveasdirectorofspeechwritingforWhiteHouse.Hisisanall-Americanstoryofsuccess.

EdmondsgrewupinBaltimore,Maryland;hisfatherdroveatruck,andhismotherworkedasawaitress.A.greatreader,Edmondsshowedagiftforwritingathishigh

School,BaltimoreCityCollegeAftergraduatingin1967EdmondswentontoMorganStateUniversity

Edmondsbeganhiscareerinbusiness,withjobsinpublicrelationsandcommunications.Hejoinedtheworldofpoliticsasnewssecretaryforhiscongressman（国会议员）fromBaltimoreDuringBillClinton’spresidency,hewrotespeechesforHealthandHumanServicesSecretaryDonnaShalalaandworkedinanumberofjobintheWhiteHouseandingovernmentaldepartmentsPresidentClintonthenappointed（任命）himtotheofficeofdirectoryofspeechwritingFollowingthe2000electionsEdmondsreturnedtoMorganStateUniversityastheschool’sspecialassistanttothepresidentfor2001-2002

45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

A.Edmondsprovedhimselftobegoodatwritingathighschool

B.EdmondsgraduatedfromMorganStateUniversityin1967.

C.Edmondswasthefirstfull-timespeechwriter.

D.EdmondsservedtheWhiteHouseafter2000.

46.Edmondsenteredtheworldofpoliticsfirstas.

A.newssecretaryforaCongressman

B.aspeechwriterforPresidentClinton

C.newssecretaryintheWhiteHouse

D.aspeechwriterforSecretaryDonnaShalala

47.Thetextismostlikelytobefoundinabookabout.

A.popularscienceB.historicalevents

C.successfulpeopleD,Politicalsystems

答案45.A46.A47.C

Passage5

（08·广东C篇）

Napoleon,asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands.”Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse.”Heissaidtobe“undersized,”with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomac