非谓语动词不定式.docx

非谓语动词不定式.docx

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非谓语动词不定式

非谓语动词--动词不定式

（一）形式：

语态式

一般式

完成式

进行式

完成进行式

主动

tobuild

tohavebuilt

tobebuilding

tohavebeenbuilding

被动

tobebuild

tohavebeenbuild

1）Iplantoattendthemeeting.我计划参加这次会议。

2）Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.很抱歉让你久等了。

3）Theyaresaidtobeworkinghard.据说他们工作得很努力。

4）Heissaidtohavebeenworkinginthatfactoryfortwelveyears.

据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。

5）Theseclothesaretobewashedassoonaspossible.

6）Heisdisappointednottogoswimmingthisafternoon.

（二）用法

1.Tohelpeachotherisgood.

Itisgoodtohelpeachother

_____________________________________________

2.Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.

Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.

Toseeistobelieve.

______________________________________________

3.Shewishestobeamusician.

Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking

Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.

_____________________________________________

4.Tellthechildrentoplayoutside.

Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet

_________________________________

5.Haveyougotanythingtoeat?

Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.

Whowasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomlastnight?

Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?

__________________________________

6.Wewenttheretoseeourgrandparents.

Iamverysorrytohearthat.

Shehurriedhomeonlytofindherfatherdead.

Tolookatthepicture,youwouldlikeit.

_____________________________________

（三）句型

1.Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.

Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.

__________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

2.疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式结构，它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。

1）Whentostarthasnotbeendecided．何时动身尚未决定。

______

2）Idon'tknowwhattodo．我不知道该怎么办。

_______

3）Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．困难在于如何过河。

______

4）Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。

____

3.1）Icouldn'tdoanythingbutsleep.___________________

2）Ididnothingbutwait.__________________

3）Hehadnothingtodobutcry.__________________

4）Ihadnochoicebuttosleep.________________________

5）Theydesirenothingbuttoenjoythepresentmoment.__________

（四）主动形式表达被动意思

1.Theseapplesaregoodtoeat.这些苹果很好吃。

Ifindthelecturedifficulttounderstand.我发现这个报告很难懂。

Heisamaneasytogetonwith.他是一个容易相处的人。

______________________________________________________________

2.Thepassageistoohardtotranslate.这一段太难，无法翻译。

______________________________________________________________

3.Idon'tknowwhattodonext.我不知道下一步该做什么。

______________________________________________________________

4.Ihaveameetingtoattendtoday.今天我有个会议要参加。

Doyouhaveanythingtosay?

你有什么话要说吗？

Hegavemesomebookstoread.他给了我一些书看。

______________________________________________________________

I'mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyourparents?

下周我要去北京，你有什么东西（让我）捎给你父母吗？

______________________________________________________________

（五）练习：

1.----Canyourideahorse?

----No,Ineverhadthechance____.

A.forlearningitB.forlearninghowC.howtolearnitD.tolearnhow

2.Paulsaid,"Givemeachair_____."

A.tositB.sitC.sitonD.tositon

3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.

A.tonoticeB.formetonoticeC.tonoticeformeD.andnotice

4.----Haveyouenjoyedyourvisithere?

----Yes,I'llbeverysorry______.

A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.withleaving

5.----I'llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.----Good.I'dlike_____metomorrow.

A.youhelpingB.thatyouwillhelpC.youtohelpD.thatyouhelp

6.----Ididn'thearyoucomeinlastnight.

----That'sgood.Wetried_____noisy.

A.notbeB.nottobeC.tobenotD.tonotbe

7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill______.

A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.livedasagoodplace

C.agoodplacetoliveinD.livinginasagoodplace

8.----Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?

----______newofficers.

A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.Forselecting

9.----Wheredidhego?

----Hewenttoanotherstore______.

A.tobuypencilsB.forbuyingpencilsC.buypencilsD.buyingpencils

10.----Mybabyhasahearttrouble.

----Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______?

A.intreatingB.treatingC.fortreatingD.totreat

11.----Didthejudgeaskyoumanyquestions?

----Yes,and______.

A.theyweredifficulttobeansweredB.toanswerthemwastobedifficult

C.theyweredifficulttoanswerD.theyhaddifficultyinanswering

12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.

A.nottohaveeatenB.nottoeatC.didn'teatD.tonothaveeaten

13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.

A.goB.togoC.going.D.went

14.Thatboxis____.

A.tooheavyformetocarryB.tooheavyformetocarryit

C.soheavyformetocarryD.veryheavyformetocarry

15.Wouldyoube______todomeafavor,please?

A.sokindas.B.tookindC.askindasD.enoughkind

16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,_____.

A.muchpracticeisneededB.oneneedsmuchpractice

C.muchpracticeisneededbyoneD.oneisneededmuchpractice

17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.

A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto

18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.

A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemade

C.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade

19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.

A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving

20.Nobodylikes______.

A.tospeakillofB.tobespokenillofC.speakingillofD.spokenillof

21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.

A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.wasD.hadbeen

22.Iwassurprised______.

A.watchinghimtoeatsoquicklyB.watchhimeatsoquickly

C.watchinghimeatsoquicklyD.towatchhimeatsoquickly

23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePalaceMuseum.

A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.toentering

24.IsawMary____thehouse.

A.openthedoorandgointoB.toopenthedoorandtogointo

C.openthedoorandtogointoD.openthedoorandwentinto

25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.

A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played

26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.

A.waitedB.waitingC.towaitD.wait

27.Idon'tknowherandIdon't______.

A.wantB.wanttoC.wantitD.towant

28.----Gotothetheatrewithme,willyou?

----Ishouldlike______,butIdon'thavetime.

A.toB.tooC.todoD.togoto

29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.

A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwell

30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.

A.lovingandtobelovedB.toloveandbeingloved

C.toloveandtobelovedD.loveandbeloved

31._____isbettertolovethan_____.

A.That,tobelovedB.That,belovedC.It,belovedD.It,tobeloved

32.It'sveryfoolish_____it?

A.foryoutosayB.ofyoutosayC.withyousayingD.inyoursaying

33.It______metwohourstofindyournewhouse.

A.costB.tookC.spentD.used

34.Wedidnotexpectouroffer_____soquickly.

A.rejectedB.toreject.C.toberejectedD.rejecting

35.Hetoldher______thereatonce.

A.getB.getsC.shouldgetD.toget

36.Weallthinkitmostfoolish______thismistake.

A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake

37.Ireallydon'tknow____.

A.toswimB.howtoswimC.toswimhowD.howswim

38.----WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?

----It'sadifficultlanguage_____.

A.speakingB.tobespokenC.tospeakD.Spoken

1~5DDACC6~10BCCAD11~15CABAA16~20BBAAB21~25ADBAA26~30DBAAC31~35DBBCD36~38BBCbut前有do,省to,无do,加to.

（1）（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：

Itisgoodtohelpeachother.

（2）作表语：

Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be+动词不定式结构有所区别，如：

Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。

（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式tosetup…为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。

）Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。

（句中的aretosetup整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作是由we产生的）。

（3）①作及物动词的宾语，如：

Shewishestobeamusician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：

可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等，如：

Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：

Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?

（4）作宾语补足语，如：

Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的谓语动词为see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：

Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：

Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.（6）作定语：

动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：

Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?

和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：

Heisthemantodependon.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place,time,way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：

Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.（7）作状语：

动词不定式可以作下列的状语：

①目的状语：

为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto（以便或为了），但应注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可，而soasto不能位于句首，如：

ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto（soasto）improveherEnglish.将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：

Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②结果状语：

Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。

③too+形容词或副词+动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：

Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.3、复合结构不定式：

由for+名词（或代词宾格）+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。

其中for本身无意义。

for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：

Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfort