职称英语《理工类B级》真题及答案.docx

职称英语《理工类B级》真题及答案.docx

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职称英语《理工类B级》真题及答案

2015年职称英语《理工类B级》真题及答案

　　2015年职称英语《理工类B级》真题及答案

　　第一部分：

词汇选项

　　1.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.

　　A.pleased

　　B.powerful

　　C.brave

　　D.sensible

　　2.Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.

　　A.accept

　　B.control

　　C.observe

　　D.regulate

　　3.IrealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.

　　A.limit

　　B.fear

　　C.power

　　D.fool

　　4.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.

　　A.excuse

　　B.client

　　C.destiny

　　D.refusal

　　5.She'sextremelycompetentandindustrious.

　　A.hardworking

　　B.honest

　　C.objective

　　11.Thepoliticalsituationintheregionhasdeterioratedrapidly.

　　A.improved

　　B.changed

　　C.worsened

　　D.developed

　　12.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.

　　A.coexisting

　　B.fair

　　C.full

　　D.pubic

　　13.They'repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.

　　A.requesting

　　B.planning

　　C.preparing

　　D.looking

　　14.Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.

　　A.unkind

　　B.proper

　　C.normal

　　D.unclear

　　15.Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.

　　A.amount

　　B.supply

　　C.sum

　　D.temp

　　第二部分：

阅读判断

　　ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutants

　　Childrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled（吸入）acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That'sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren'tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:

theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.

　　FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren'shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew（排放）PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera'steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe（探查）othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat'swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.

　　Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman'sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained（长期的）mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.

　　Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.

　　16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'physicalhealth.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　19.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　20.KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　第3部分：

概况大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试认识：

（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题;

（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

　　FirstImage-recognitionssoftware

　　1）DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.

　　2）Thenewsystem,witchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（运算法则）forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions（图片说明）,makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.

　　3）“Overthelast30years,”saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,”thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,sruprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengine,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch.”

　　4）Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（语义的）informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查询）onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.

　　23.Paragraph1_____

　　24.Paragraph2_____

　　25.Paragraph3_____

　　26.Paragraph4_____

　　A.Popularityofthenewsystem

　　B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery

　　C.Functionofthenewsystem

　　D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated

　　E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines

　　F.Improvementiindocumentretrieval

　　27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby_____.

　　28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin_____.

　　29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore_____.

　　30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe_____.

　　A.informationinimages

　　B.currentpopularsearchengines

　　C.usingphotos

　　D.machinevisionsystems

　　E.documentsearch

　　F.descriptionoftheHTMLpage

　　第四部分：

阅读理解

　　第一篇　WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?

　　Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?

Doesitincreasebloodpressure?

Doesithelpyouconcentrate?

However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.

　　Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（树冠）oftallerindigenous（土生土长的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen’tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.

　　Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.

　　Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.

　　Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"birdfriendly."Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.

　　31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

文章的主旨是

　　A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.农民正改变他们种咖啡的方式

　　B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.种植咖啡越来越贵

　　C.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.蔽光生长的咖啡比向光生长的咖啡贵

　　D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.人们应该买蔽光生长的咖啡

　　32.Thefunctionoftheword"Traditionally"inParagraph2istoshow_____.段落2中的traditionally作用是来显示

　　A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.咖啡的积极作用

　　B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.咖啡成长的变化

　　C.somethingthatisthemostimportant.最重要的事情

　　D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.咖啡生产过去如何

　　33.Whatdoesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?

阳光充足的咖啡增加的产量带来什么?

　　A.Moreinsects.更多的昆虫

　　B.Betterqualitycoffee.质量更好的咖啡

　　C.Largerfarms.更大的农场

　　D.Higherprofits.