论《荒野的呼唤》中巴克的多重性格分析.docx

论《荒野的呼唤》中巴克的多重性格分析.docx

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论《荒野的呼唤》中巴克的多重性格分析

本科毕业论文

中文题目：

论《荒野的呼唤》中巴克的多重性格分析

外文题目：

AnalysisoftheComplicatedNatureofBuck

InTheCalloftheWild

院系英语语言学院

专业英语（英语教育）

年级2013级

学号1301020213

学生李沂

指导教师张玉寒

结稿日期2017年4月25日

四川外国语大学重庆南方翻译学院教务处制

2017年4月25日填

论《荒野的呼唤》中巴克的多重性格分析

摘要：

《荒野的呼唤》是美国著名作家杰克·伦敦于1903年发表的成名作。

狗主人公巴克性格的复杂性和多重性是作品长盛不衰的原因之一。

巴克艰苦卓绝的生存道路，生动真切地反映了作者所处时代的美国社会的现实，再现了美国历史上的克朗代克淘金热。

了解它的性格特征是我们解读作者思想观点和小说社会背景的关键。

本文从达尔文的“适者生存”的自然选择思想入手，分析了在不断变幻的生活环境中巴克的性格。

第二章重点讲述了巴克对新生活的向往与渴望。

驯服的南方狗巴克来到远离人类文明的荒原后很快适应了极具挑战性的生活。

桑顿死后，巴克毫不犹豫地响应了森林里新生活的召唤，回到充满神秘与冒险的自由丛林。

第三章主要论述了巴克既具有统治者的凶残狡诈的本性同时也富有献身者的无畏牺牲的激情。

生性狡诈的巴克在得到人类平等的尊重和爱时表现出的义不容辞的责任、爱以及忠诚着实令人折服。

孟子哲学的“性本善”思想在巴克身上得到了充分的体现。

关键词：

适者生存；野性；呼唤；自由；

AnalysisoftheComplicatedNatureofBuckin

TheCalloftheWild

Abstract

TheCallofthewildisafamousAmericanwriterJackLondonpublishedin1903.Thecomplexityofthedogherocharacterandmultiplicityisoneofthereasonsforenduringworks.Buckwasextremelyhardandbitterwayofliving,livelyandvividlyreflectstheeraofAmericansociety,representstheKlondikeGoldrushAgeinAmericanhistory.Understandingitscharacteristhekeytoourunderstandingoftheauthor'sideasandthesocialbackgroundofthenovel.AtthebeginningthisthesisintroducesDarwin’sLawofNature—survivalofthefittest.ThesecondchapterfocusesonBuck'slongingforanewlife.ThetameSoutherndog,buck,cametoaverychallenginglifeafterhecameoutofthewildernessofhumancivilization.AfterthedeathofThornton,Buckdidnothesitatetorespondtothecallofthenewlifeintheforest,toreturntothejungleofmysteryandadventure.Thethirdchaptermainlydiscussesthebuckhasthecunningrulerofthenatureandrichdevoteesoffearlesssacrificeofpassion.WeareadmirablethatitisincumbentupontheFiendBucktoshowresponsibility,loveandloyaltyafterobtaininghumanbeingsequalrespectandlove.Menciusphilosophyof"humansarebornwell"thoughthasbeenfullyreflectedinthebuck.

Keywords:

survivalofthefittest;Wildness;call;freedom;

Acknowledgements

Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetomysupervisor,MissLuoChenJieforhercarefulandinstructiveguidance,herconstantencouragementandhelp.Therefore,Ifinishedthisthesis,withoutherhelp,Istillcontainsomemistakesinthisthesis.

Mycordialandsincerethanksgotoalltheteachersinthefouryears.Theyarehavebenefitedmealotduringmycollegeyears.Igainedfromtheirprofoundknowledge,remarkableexpertiseandrichexperiencewillbebenefitedtomycareerandfuturelife.

Iwouldalsoliketothankmyclassmateswhoonceofferedmetheirhelpinmystudyandlife.Specialthanksshouldalsogotomyfamilyfortheirencouragementandsupport.

Contents

中文摘要………………………………………………………………….

Abstract…...................................................................................................

Acknowledgements………………………………………………….…..

Introduction………………………………………………………………1

I.Buck’sTransformationandItsNature………………………………………………3

A.StagesofBuck’sTransformation……………………………………………….3

B.TheNatureofBuckinDifferentEnvironment…………………………………4

II.TheSpiritReflectedfromBuck’sNature…………………………………………..5

A.FightingSpirit…………………………………………………………………..6

B.Down-to-EarthSpirit…………………………………………………………...7

C.PursuitofNewLife…………………………………………………………….8

III.TheHumanNatureReflectedfromBuck’sNature……………………………….9

A.TheNatureofBuckasaCruelAnimal…………………………………………9

B.Buck’sLoveandLoyaltytoThornton………………………………………...10

C.thePhilosophicalThoughtsofHumanBeingsReflectedfromBuck’s

Nature………………………………………………………………………...11

Conclusion………………………………………………………………14

Notes……………………………………………………………….........17

Bibliography…………………………………………………………….18

Introduction

ThemostfamousnovelabouttheanimalfromtheAmericanfamousnovelistJackLondon（1876-1916）isTheCalloftheWild.ItisoneofthemasterpiecesofthegreatAmericanwriterJackLondon,andithasalwaysbeenmyfavoritenovel.Itapparentlyisadog’sstory.Inthedeeppart,LondonmakesareflectionoftherealhumanlifethroughBuck’slife.Hetreatsanimalslikehumanbeingsandhumanbeingsarejustlikeanimals,recognizingnoessentialdifferencebetweenmanandanimal.JackLondon’suncannyunderstandingofanimalandhumannaturesgivethisnovelastrikingvitalityandpower.Afterreadingit,peoplecouldnothelpponderingoverhisownlifeandthinkingaboutwhatistherealmeaningofhumannaturethatalwaysresoundsintheinnerheartliketheWildappealingBucktoreturntoitsarms.Buck’sstoryinfactisahuman’slifestory.Someinterestingcomparisonswillshowhowamazinglysimilarthesetwoworldsare,andsomeinspirationscanbedrawnfromthisallegoricstory.

Oneofthecharacteristicsofhisnovelliesintheirthemes,especiallyfocusingonthefightbetweenthehumanandthenatureandhisexpressionofrespectforhuman’sstrongwillinthesefights.Buthisnovelstandsoutamongallthiskindofhuman—natureconflictstoriesbecauseheiscleverenoughtomakecruelstoryinterestingandplotting.Inthisnovel,thewholestoryisbasedonasmartdog,Buck,whichmakesitfreshbeyondtheoutlookofadogandthecommondescriptionofit.ThisisastorythattakesplaceintheoriginalwildernessofthebacklandsnowandiceboundinNorthAmerica,describingadogwhonamedBucktobedrawninthewaveofgoldrushinAlaska.Heexperiencesvarioussufferingsstruckwithsoul—stirring,andbecausedtorememberhisancestrybyinstinctinthehowl.Generally,theoriginalinnatewildofthewolfhasrevivedinhisdeepsoul.Finally,underthelureofthewolf,thewildnessintheuntamednaturebroughttohislifelittlebylittleandhissocialreturntothenaturefromthecivilization.Althoughthenoveldescribesadog,itgivesthedogwiththeinnateintelligence,using“he”and“they”tocallthemcompletely.Thepurposeliesinbeingreflectedthepatheticlifeofthelaborpeopleinacapitalismsocietybythecareerofadog,expressingthestrongwildthattheyresisttheexploitationandoppressionandlookforwardtothefreedom.Notonlydoesthestorytellthattheheroreturnstothegreatuniverse,butalsoitemphasizestheprocessthathissoulreturnstothewild.Useanewwritingskilltoannouncethetopicofthereturning.

I.Buck’sTransformationandItsNature

A.StagesofBuck’sTransformation

BuckoriginallylivedinSantaClaraValley,ahouse,enjoyingaluxuriouslife.Atthesametime,theGoldenRushmadethousandsofmenrushintotheNorthlandbutBuckhadnosenseofthat.Unfortunately,hewassoldbyManuelwhobetrayedhistrustandwastransitedtoDyeatodohardworkforthegolddiggers.Therehesawhisfirstsnow;helearntthelawofclub;hewasbeatenbutwasnotbroken（ZhangYong2005:

013）.JackLondonwasafamouswriterintheearly20thcenturyinAmerica.Hisstoriesweredrawnmainlyfromhisownexperience.Inhiswholelife,hewrote19novelsinhislife,manyshortstoriesandarticles.3playsand8autobiographicalandissociologicalbooks.AndLondonwasespeciallyfamousforhisnorthtalesandanimaltales.

ThepublicationthatfirstbroughtJackLondonworldwidefameandcontinuestobehisbest-knownworkisashortnovelwhosemaincharacterisaYukonsleddognamedbuck.Thatwork,beguninDecember1902andpublishedin1903,wasentitledTheCalloftheWild.Inthenovel,theprotagonistisadog;itissometimesclassifiedasajuvenilenovel,suitableforchildren,butitisdarkintoneandcontainsmanyscenesofcrueltyandviolence,although,inthebook,ithasbeenconsideredchildren'sbooks.Somanyliteraryscholarshavearguedthatthenovel'scomplexitieswarrantcloseanalysis.Asweknown,thechiefonesamongthetopicsofinteresttoliterarycriticsarethenovel'srelationshipstothephilosophyofthe"survivalofthefittest",whichwasinvogueattheturnofthe20thcentury.

Weknow,"Londonwasnotonlytreatinganimalslikehumanbeings,buttreatinghumanbeingslikeanimals,recognizingnoessentialdifferencebetweenmanandanimal."（AbrahamRothberg,1984）1,London'spurposeonfindinggoldwasunsuccessful,andhecamebackintohishome.Buthefoundthatsomethingwasmoreimportantthangold.Whichiswhatwewillstudyinthelatter?

AsWalkerpointedoutthat"Talkhedid.Butthemostimportantofall,helistenedandobservedduringthosetimesinthedraughtycabins.Hestoredmemoriesandfeltthestirringofthecreativeartist."BecauseofhisexperienceinKlondike,hegainedtremendous.Amountofinsightandperspectiveandgotanabundanceofnotesandmemoriesofthenorthland.Therefore,LondonwrotehisfamousnovelNorthTalesandAnimalTalesonthebasisofhisexperienceduringthattime.

B.TheNatureofBuckinDifferentEnvironment

Intoday’ssociety,thenatureofhumanbeingschangedwiththeenvironmentwherethepeoplelived,asthesameasbuck.

1.LivingintheLapofLuxury

Buck,thechildofahugeST.BernardandaScotchshepherddogwasborninJudgeMiller’sbighouseandenjoyedahappylife.HeplayedwiththeJudge’schildrenandprotectedthemwhentheywereout.Hewassohugeadogthatinhiseyeshiscompanionscouldnotevencount.Itseemedthatheruledthewholehouse.Hetookprideinhimselfasifhewerethesignificantoneinthefamily.

ItwasrightBuck.HewasanappleoftheJudge’seye,proud,intelligent,andwhite-headedandwithatamednature.

2.FacingRisksfortheFirstTime

WhenherealizedthathewasbetrayedbyManuelformoney,hebecameangryanditwasaturnofhisFortune'swheel.Hebegantoattackthestrangersw