最新整理大学英语语言学练习题考试必考题.docx

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最新整理大学英语语言学练习题考试必考题

(完整)大学英语语言学练习题(考试必考题)

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I.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue。

NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly.

1.Clear[1]anddark[ł]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution。

(P24)

2。

Morphologyisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.(P32)

3.Consonantsoundscanbeeither voicelessorvoiced,whileallvowelsoundsarevoiced。

(P16)

4。

Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledtheCooperative principleproposedbyJ。

Grice.(P86-87)

5.  Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalledasynchronicstudyoflanguage。

(P4)

6. Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithanyobstructionwhenasoundisproduced.(P18)

7. XPmaycontainmorethanjustX。

Forexample,theNP“theboywholikesthispuppy”consistsofDet,NandS,withDetbeingthespecifier,NtheheadandSthecomplement.(P46)

9.  Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanutteranceisconcreteandcontext-dependent.(P70)

11。

Psycholinguisticsrelatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology.Itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleuselanguage.(P70)

12.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy,itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.(P70)

13.Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberofmeaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel。

Thisdesignfeatureiscalledduality。

(P70)

14.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:

thepharyngealcavity,theoralcavityandthenasalcavity.(P15)

16。

Suprasegmentalfeaturessuchasstress,toneandintonationcaninfluencetheinterpretationofmeaning.(P70)

18。

Homonymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.(P70)

19.Thethreebranchesofphoneticsarelabeledasarticulatoryphonetics,auditoryphoneticsandacousticphoneticsrespectively.(P15)

21. Syntax_studiesthesentencestructureoflanguage。

(P70)

22。

 Thenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”arehomonymy。

(P70)

23.Speechacttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage.(P70)

24.Themodernlinguisticsisdescriptive,notprescriptive,anditsinvestigationsarebasedonauthenticandmainlyspokenlanguagedata。

(P70)

25。

Languereferstothelanguagesystemsharedbyacommunityofspeakerwhileparolecontrastedwithlangueistheconcreteactofspeakinginactualsituationsbyanindividualspeaker.(P70)

26。

Insemantictriangle,therelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect,anditismediatedbyconcept。

(P70)

27。

H.Sweetmadeadistinctionbetweennarrowandbroadtranscription。

(P70)

28。

Inthecooperativeprinciple,Griceintroducedfourcategoriesofmaxims。

Theyaremaximofquality,maximofquantity,maximofrelationandmaximofmanner。

(P70)

29。

Pragmaticsisthestudyoflanguageinuse.(P70)

30.Historicallinguisticsstudieslanguagechangeorhistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage。

(P70)

II.Directions:

Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse。

PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement。

 

(T)1。

Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto。

(T)2.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.

(T)3。

Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.

(T)4。

Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thespokenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthewrittenformforanumberofreasons。

(F)5.Thecompoundword“reading—room”istheplacewhereapersoncanreadbooks。

Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.

(T)6.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.

(T)7.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:

/,thelarynxisinastateoftension。

(T)8。

Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe“bestauthors"forlanguageusage。

(T)9。

Theopen—classwordsincludeprepositions.

(T)10。

Accordingtosemantictriangle,thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent,i。

e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto。

(T)11。

Therelationshipof“flower”,“violet”,“rose”and“tulip"ishyponymy。

(F)12。

Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds。

(sunrise)

(T)13.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation。

(F)14。

Theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.

(F)15。

Themeaning—distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.

(F)16.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind’seyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.

(F)17.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!

”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”

(T)18。

Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.

(F)19.AccordingtoN。

Chomsky, ”competence”istheactualrealizationofhisknowledgeinutterance。

(F)20.TheEnglishspellingexactlyrepresentsitspronunciation.

(F)21.Allthegrammaticallywell-formedsentencesaresemanticallywell-formed.

(T)22。

Pragmaticsstudiestheaspectofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforbysemantics.

(F) 23。

Anillocutionaryactistheconsequenceoforthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance。

(T)24。

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

(T)25.Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech;thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday’sworldthatcanonlybespoken,butnotwritten。

(F)26.InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.

(F)27.Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

(T)28.Conversationalimplicatureisakindofimpliedmeaning,deducedonthebasisoftheconventionalmeaningofwordstogetherwiththecontext,undertheguidanceoftheCPanditsmaxims.

(F)29。

Pragmaticfailuremayoccurincross-culturalcommunication,i。

e.betweenspeakersofdifferentculturalbackgrounds,butnotoccurinintra—culturalcommunicationi。

e.betweenspeakersofthesameculturalbackground。

(T)30。

Senseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.

III.Directions:

Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustrationwhennecessary。

1。

diachroniclinguistics

Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageoveraperiodoftime,alsoknownashistoricallinguistics,e.g.thestudyoftheChineselanguagesincetheendoftheQingdynastyuptothepresent.

2。

synchroniclinguistics

Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageatoneparticularpointoftime,e。

g。

thestudyofthekindofEnglishusedduringShakespeare’stime。

3。

Language

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

4。

context

Contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer。

5.blending

Aprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords。

E.g.smog-——smoke+fog.

6。

reference

Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweentheformandthereality。

7.broadtranscription

Broadtranscriptionisthetranscriptionwithlettersymbolsonly。

Itisthetranscriptionnormallyusedindictionariesandteachingtextbooks.

8.aminimalpair

Apairofsoundcombinationswhichareidenticalineverywayexceptonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesamepositioninthestrings,e.g./pit/and/bit/.

9.homonymy

Homonymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth。

eg。

night/knight;leadv./leadn。

;fastadj./fastv。

10。

hyponymy

Itreferstomeaninginclusiveness, thatis,thesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.e。

g。

Therelationshipof“flower",“violet”,“rose”and“tulip”ishyponymy.

11.culturaltransmission(asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage)

Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage。

Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage,butdifferentfromanimals,theactualuseofh

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