1、最新整理大学英语语言学练习题考试必考题(完整)大学英语语言学练习题(考试必考题) 编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望((完整)大学英语语言学练习题(考试必考题))的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步,以下为(完整)大学英语语言学练习题(考试必考题)的全部内容。I. Directions: Fill in th
2、e blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue。 Note that you are to fill in ONE word only. 1. Clear 1 and dark are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to b
3、e in complementary distribution。 (P24)2。 Morphology is the smallest meaningful unit of language. (P32)3. Consonant sounds can be eithervoiceless or voiced, while all vowel sounds are voiced。 (P16)4。 In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called
4、 the Cooperativeprinciple proposed by J。 Grice. (P86-87)5.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a synchronic study of language。 (P4)6.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the
5、lungs meets with any obstruction when a sound is produced. (P18)7.XP may contain more than just X。 For example, the NP “the boy who likes this puppy” consists of Det, N and S, with Det being the specifier, N the head and S the complement. (P46)9.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decont
6、extualized, that of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent. (P70)11。 Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language. (P70)12. A diachronic study of language is a historical study, it studies
7、 the historical development of language over a period of time. (P70)13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level。 Th
8、is design feature is called duality。 (P70)14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. (P15)16。 Suprasegmental features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of meani
9、ng. (P70)18。 Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. (P70)19. The three branches of phonetics are labeled as articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively. (P15)21.Syntax_ studies the sent
10、ence structure of language。 (P70)22。The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are homonymy。 (P70)23. Speech act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language. (P70)24. The modern linguistics is descriptive, not prescriptive, and its investigations are based on authentic and mainly spoke
11、n language data。 (P70)25。 Langue refers to the language system shared by a community of speaker while parole contrasted with langue is the concrete act of speaking in actual situations by an individual speaker. (P70)26。 In semantic triangle, the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is no
12、t direct, and it is mediated by concept。 (P70)27。 H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and broad transcription。 (P70)28。 In the cooperative principle, Grice introduced four categories of maxims。 They are maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation and maxim of manner。 (P70)29。 Pragm
13、atics is the study of language in use. (P70)30. Historical linguistics studies language change or historical development of language。 (P70)II. Directions:Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false。 Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement。( T )
14、1。 Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to。( T ) 2. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produc
15、e and comprehend.( T ) 3。 Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors. ( T ) 4。 In modern linguistic studies, the spoken form of language is given more emphasis than the written form for a num
16、ber of reasons。 ( F ) 5. The compound word “readingroom” is the place where a person can read books。 This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ( T ) 6. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows tha
17、t it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ( T ) 7. In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as /i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension。( T ) 8。 An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their s
18、tudy of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the “best authors for language usage。( T ) 9。 The openclass words include prepositions.( T ) 10。 According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symbol and refe
19、rent, i。e. between a word and a thing it refers to。 ( T ) 11。 The relationship of “flower”, “violet”, “rose” and “tulip is hyponymy。( F ) 12。 Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds。 (sunrise)( T ) 13. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use
20、 should be described and analyzed in their investigation。( F ) 14。 The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.( F ) 15。 The meaningdistinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chine
21、se, is a typical tone language.( F ) 16. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our minds eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.( F ) 17. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish yo
22、u a good morning.”( T ) 18。 Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.( F ) 19. According to N。 Chomsky,”competence” is the actual realization of his knowledge in utterance。( F ) 20. The English spel
23、ling exactly represents its pronunciation.( F ) 21. All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semantically well-formed.( T ) 22。 Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics.( F )23。 An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by th
24、e utterance。( T ) 24。 Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. ( T ) 25. The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in todays world that can only be spoken, but not written。( F ) 26. In
25、classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied.( F ) 27. Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.( T ) 28. Conversational implicature is a kind of implied meaning, deduced on the basis of the conventional meanin
26、g of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims.( F ) 29。 Pragmatic failure may occur in cross-cultural communication, i。e. between speakers of different cultural backgrounds, but not occur in intracultural communication i。e. between speakers of the same cultural ba
27、ckground。( T ) 30。 Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.III. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration when necessary。 1。 diachronic linguistics Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as his
28、torical linguistics, e.g. the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.2。 synchronic linguisticsLinguistics that studies language at one particular point of time, e。g。 the study of the kind of English used during Shakespeares time。3。 LanguageLanguage is a sys
29、tem of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.4。 contextContext is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer。5. blendingA process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words。 E.g. smog- smoke + fog.6。 referenceReference is wha
30、t a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality。 7. broad transcription Broad transcription is the transcription with letter symbols only。 It is the transcription normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.8. a minimal pa
31、irA pair of sound combinations which are identical in every way except one sound segment which occurs in the same position in the strings, e.g. /pit/ and /bit/. 9. homonymyHomonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both。 eg。 night
32、 / knight; lead v. / lead n。; fast adj. / fast v。10。 hyponymyIt refers to meaning inclusiveness,that is, the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. e。g。 The relationship of “flower, “violet”, “rose” and “tulip” is hyponymy.11. cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language)One of the major defining features of human language。 Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language, but different from animals, the actual use of h
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