上海高一英语辅导讲义2.docx

上海高一英语辅导讲义2.docx

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上海高一英语辅导讲义2

上海高一英语辅导讲义2

2019-2019学年高一英语教案

（2）非谓语动词

（一）动词不定式概述非谓语动词，主要指在主句中表示一个动作但不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的词。

非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。

非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词有三种：

动词不定式、动名词和分词。

名称形式用法不定式todo表目的、将来动名词doing表主动及现在分词done表被动及过去这三个基本形式的基础上会有一些变化：

1.动词不定式时态构成被动形式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone--------2.动名词动名词主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone3.分词动词不定式的用法4.动词不定式的否定式nottoShedecidednottobelateagain.5.动词不定式的完成式完成式表示的动作或状态发生在位于动词表示的动作或状态之前。

Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.注意若谓语为表示愿望、打算、意图的动词时，如hope,think,want,plan,expect,mean,intend等，其后可以跟不定式的完成式表示本来想要或打算做某事，而实际上未能实现。

如：

Wemeanttohavestoppedhimfromdoingsuchathing.6.在Itis/was+形容词+不定式的复合结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式符合结构的介词应为of前面常用的形容词有：

kind,nice,foolish,silly,stupid,rude,cruel,wise,clever,brace,selfish,crazy,good,careful,careless,impolite,right,wrong等。

Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.区别ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.7.在某些动词后，可用it做形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的并于。

常见的动词有find,thinkconsider,feel,make等。

Theyfinditdifficulttorepaythemoney.8.动词+不定式作宾补ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remindorder,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。

9.只能用动词+不定式作宾语口诀决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide/determine,learn,want,expert/hope/withrefuse,manage,care,pretendorder,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help10.在使役动词make,have,let和感官动词see,watch,notice,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等词后接不定式作宾补，不定式不带to，表示做某事的全过程。

当他们转换成被动语态时，作为主语补足语的不定式必须带to（五看三使两听一感觉一发现）Nobodysawhimcomein.Shewasseentoentertheroomlastnight.注意get也能当使役动词，表示使、让、叫之意，相当于have，但两者也有所不同。

{havesth.done=getsth.done使/让某事由别人去做havesb.dosth.getsbtodosth.}使/让/叫某人去做某事{Youdbetterhave/getyourhaircut.havesb./sth.doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事getsb./sth.dong使某人/物开始行动起来}Hemanagedtogetthehorserunning.11.在动词help后，做宾补和宾语的不定式符号to带不带都可以。

如;Hehelpedherwalkacrossthestreet.Heoftenhelpsdosomehouseworkathome.12.think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,imagine,prove等动词的英语后可与带tobe结构，也可与省略。

如果不定式的动作发生在位于动词以前，常用不定式的完成式。

另外，这些动词也常用作被动语态后接不定式作主补。

Hefoundtheanswer（tobe）satisfactory.Weconsideredhimtohaveactedexcellently.13.当名词被first,last,second以及only等词修饰时，其后可用不定式作定语。

且充当定语的不定式不含有将来意义或情态意义，却经常含有过去时意义。

Shewasthefirsttocome.14.在下列固定词组或短语之后要跟不带to的不定式hadbetterhadbestwouldrather（than）wouldsoonerthancannothelpbutcannotbutcannotchoosebut..may/mightaswelldonomorethan12.wh-连接代词、副词后跟不定式构成的短语，可在句子中做主语、宾语、表语，还可以做定语。

（why和if后不能直接跟动词不定式）它的作用相当于一个名词性从句，通常在某些动词（如tell,know,imagine,learn,decided,forget,remember,consider,understand等）后面做宾语，有时也用作主语、表语、同位语等。

如：

Hedidntknowhowtoanswerher.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idontknowwhotoaskadvicefrom.Wouldyoupleaseadvisemewhichtobuy?

Pleaseexplain（tome）wheretobeginandhowtodoit.Theyexchangedviewsonthequestionofwhomtoelect.注意：

按英语习惯，疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。

但在以why或whynot开头的省略型疑问句中，其后可跟不带to的不定式。

如：

Whygetupsetjustbecauseyougotabadmark?

Youarelookingtired.Whynottakeaholiday?

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.13.like（wouldlike）,love（wouldlove）,hope,hate,need,try,want,wish,plan,mean等动词后usedto,begoingto结构后+to，代替整个不定式内容。

beglad,bewilling,behappy等词语后--Wouldyouliketogotothecinema?

--Idloveto.14.在介词but,except,besides,than,save等表示除了之意的词前，若有实义动词do时，常用无to的不定式作其介词的宾语，若无实义动词do，则用带to的动词不定式。

Hewasnotabletodoanythingbut/exceptwait.Hehadnochoicebuttogivein.15.评论性动词不定式有些不定式常用来表示说话人对所谈的内容的态度和看法，即对句内容的评论，故称为评论性动词不定式，也称独立不定式。

综合：

sotospeak可以说，可谓tobeexact精确地说tobesure无可否认，诚然tomakethings（matters）worseThedogis,sotospeak,amemberofthefamily.Hesinhismid-fifties;well,fifty-sixtobeexact.表真诚：

tobefairtobe（perfectly）franktobehonesttodosbjusticetotell（you）thetruth表总结：

tobebrieftoconcludetocut/makealongstoryshorttosumup表让步:

nottomentiontosaynothingoftoputitmildlytoputitanotherwaytosaytheleast不夸张的说表顺序：

tobeginwithtostartwith16.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义1）不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系，并且不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

Ihavetwoletterstoanswer.2）有些结构中，不定式表达被动意义，却用主动形式，因为可以在句子中找到不定式这个动作的发出者。

Givehersomebookstoread.Wouldyoubringmeabenchtositon?

Themorningairissogoodtobreathe.注意：

用做定语的不定式为动词+介词时，介词不能省略。

如：

apieceofpapertowriteonaniceplacetolivein3）某些动词的不定式与be连用时，常见的有toblame，torent等。

如：

Thehouseistorent.Heistoblamefornotdrivingcarefull检测习题1.Thiscompanywasthefirst____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake3.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard4.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told6.Youweresillynot_______yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked7.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake8.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_____clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued9.Idratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,than_______aroomwithsomeoneelse.A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharing10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_________inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed11.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyed12.Themeeting_______nextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplace13.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailed________myworkintime.A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinished14.Iamsorry______writtenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothaving15.Willyoulendhimamagazine_________?

A.tobereadB.forreadingC.toreadD.heread16.Hecoulddonothingbut_______forthebus_________.A.wait,tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;came17.Itisaproblemthatdoesn’tneed________rightnow.A.tosolveB.solvingC.beingsolvedD.tobesolving18.TheresamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_______trouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmade19.Iremember_______him_______thebikeneeded__________.A.hearing,saying,torepairB.tohear,say,torepairC.hearing,say,repairingD.tohear,saying,toberepaired20.---Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.---Imeant_________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldntfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso21.Robertissaidto__________abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying22.ImgongtoXiannextweek.Haveyouanything__________toyourparents?

A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuy23.whenarethey__________intheirplan?

A.handB.handedC.tohandD.give24.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_____________.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurvivedD.willsurvive25.Whenwehurriedtothestation,therehappened________nobusatthattime.A.tohaveB.tobeC.havingD.being26.Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,_________mattersworse,itbegantorain.A.madeB.havingmadeC.makingD.tomake27.At________timedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,thoughsheisalwaystoobusy_________agoodrest.A.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totakeD.one,taking28.--Areyouastudent?

--No,butIused_________.A.tobeB.towasC.todoD.tobea29.Istoppedtolisten,andmysonseemed_________himself_________inthelivingroom.A.toenjoy,toshutB.tobeenjoying,shuttingC.tobeenjoying,shutD.tohaveenjoyed,havingshut30.Withalotofdifficultproblems_________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled31.Wereleavingatsixoclock,andhope_________mostofthejourneybylunchtime.A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tomakeD.tohavemade32.Thestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasier_________.A.understoodB.tobeunderstoodC.tounderstandD.understand33.Whowillyouget__________theprojectforus?

A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designing34.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknow__________.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit35.Wearenotallowed__________outdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplaying36.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_________tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch37.Shefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearole__________inmakingtheearthab