概要写作记叙文说明文范文和练习.docx

概要写作记叙文说明文范文和练习.docx

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概要写作记叙文说明文范文和练习

概要写作记叙文、说明文范文及练习

例

（一）

Mikeis

notatraditionalexplorer（探险者）.Yethisjobcansometimesbejustasexcitinganddangerousasbeinganexplorer.

MikeworksforMSF,anorganizationalsoknownasDoctorsWithoutBorders（无国界医生）.MSFsendstraineddoctorsallovertheworldtohelppeopleafterawaroradisaster.MikeisadoctorfromFrancewhohastravelledtomanyplatestoorganizeprogramsthathelppeople.

Atthemoment,thereare27,000trainedmedicalstafftakingpartinMSFtasks.TheorganizationreceivedtheNobelPeacePrize.AllkindsofdoctorscanvolunteerforMSF.Theyneedtobepreparedtogoalmostanywhereintheworldandofcoursedoctorswithexperienceintropical（热带）diseasesareespeciallyusefulbecausemostofMSF’sworkisinAfrica.Whendoctorscompletedafewtasks,theymightbesentonanemergencytaskfollowingadisastersuchasanearthquake.

ButwhywouldadoctorleaveacomfortablelifeandagoodsalarytojoinMSF?

AccordingtoMike,theexperienceyougainisagreathelpinyourcareer.Besides,justliketheexplorersofthepast,youneedtokeepanopenmindandlearntomixwellwiththepeopleyoumeet.Mostimportantly,attheendofeachtask,youhavemadearealdifferencetopeople’slives.

体裁：

记叙文

Who,

What–hisjob

Thereview（评价）ofhisjob

What①

What②

What③

where

Why:

记叙文注意抓住时间（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、事件（what）、原因及结果（why），尤其是发生的事件。

例

（二）

Peoplewholiveinthecountrysidegenerallylivelongerthanthosewholiveinthecity.Anumberofreasonsmayhelpexplainthispoint.

Tostartwith,farmersareinclosecontactwithnature.Theybreathefreshair.Theymakefriendswithtreesandstones,cowsanddogs.Theylistentothesongsofbirds.Theyfightwithstrongwinds.Thiscontactwithnatureisgoodforthehealthofbothbodyandspirit.

Next,hardphysicalworkkeepsfarmersfitandhealthy.Itiswidelybelievedthatfarmerssufferfromfarlessdiseasesthanpeopleinthecity.Therearemanydiseasesthatarecommoninthecity,butnotinthecountryside.Forexample,near-sightednessisalmostunknowntofarmers.Besides,beingfreefromurbanpressuredoesgoodtothehealthoffarmers.

Moreover,becausetherearelesscars,motorcarsandotherkindsofvehiclesinthecountryside,onecanwalkmorefreelywithoutbeingafraidofaccidents.Theenvironmentisbetterinthecountryside,whichmakesthefarmersliveaquietandpeacefullife.

Thefarmerscanalsogetfreshgrain,vegetables,fruitsandmilkeasily.Theyenjoytheseadvantagesthatpeoplelivinginthecitycannot.

体裁：

议论文

结构：

总分

作者观点：

论点①

论点②

论点③

论点④

论点⑤

总结句，呼应观点

例（三）

Farmersusedifferentkindsofsoilconservationmethodstoprotecttheirlandfromdamagebyfarmingandtheforcesofnature.Oneimportantformofsoilconservationistheuseofwindbreaks（防风林）.

Windbreaksarebarriersformedbytreesandotherplantswithmanyleaves.Farmersplanttheminlinesaroundtheirfields.Windbreaksstopthewindfromblowingsoilaway.Theyalsokeepthewindfromdestroyingordamagingcrops.Theyareveryimportantforgrowinggrains,suchaswheat.

TherehavebeenstudiesdoneonwindbreaksinpartsofWestAfrica.Itisfoundthatgrainharvestscanbe20%higherinfieldsprotectedbywindbreakscomparedtofieldswithoutsuchprotection.

However,windbreaksseemtoworkbestwhentheyallowalittlewindtopassthrough.Ifthewalloftreesandplantsstopswindcompletely,thenviolentairmovementswilltakeplaceclosetotheground.Thesemovementswillliftsoilintotheairwhereitwillbeblownaway.Forthisreason,awindbreakisbestifithasonly60%to80%ofthetreesandplantsneededtoformasolidline.

Aneasyroletorememberisthatwindbreakscanprotectareasuptotentimestheheightofthetallesttreesinthewindbreaks.Thereshouldbeatleasttwolinesineachwindbreak.Onelineshouldbelargetrees.Thesecondline,rightnexttoit,canbeshortertreesandotherplantswithleaves.Locallygrowntreesandplantsarebestforwindbreaks.

体裁：

说明文

说明对象：

Windbreak

1目的、用途

2构成

3功能，作用

（2个）

4注意事项

练习

实战练习

（一）

OnehotnightlastAugust,ItriedeverythingIcouldthinkof—awarmbottle,songs,etc.tomakehimfallintosleep,buthejustcouldn’tdoit.SinceIbelievedthatalongnightwaswaitingformeahead,IhadnochoicebuttobringaTVintohisroomtokilloffthehoursuntildawn.IwassurprisedthatthemomentIturnedontheTV,thebabybecamequietrightawayandfixedhislittleeyesbrightlyonthescreen.Notwillingtowasteanopportunityforsleep,Ithentiptoed（用脚失走）outoftheroom,leavinghimtowatchtheboringTVprograms.

Iheardnomoreofthebaby’scryingthatnightandthenextmorningwhenIwentintohisroom,IfoundhimstillwatchingTVbyhimself.Ifoundtherewasametaphor（暗喻）inmybaby’sbehaviorforthenewgeneration.WhenIgavemyboysomebookstogoover,heonlyspituponthem;whenIreadtohim,hedidnotfeelcomfortable.Soisitintheschoolswithmystudents.Ifindthatourstudentsdon’treadandtheylookdownuponreadingandmakelightofthoseofuswhoteachit.AlltheywanttodoistowatchTV.Afterthisexperiencewiththebaby,however,Ihavedrawnaconclusion:

“Letthemwatchit!

”Iftelevisionismuchmoreattractivetochildrenthanbooks,whyshouldwefightagainstit?

Letthemwatchwhattheywant!

实战练习

（二）

Moreandmorepeoplelikebicyclinganditisnosurprise.Itisfun,healthyandgoodfortheenvironment.Maybethat’swhythereare1.4billionbicyclesandonly400millioncarsonroadsworldwidetoday.

Bikescantakeyoualmostanywhere,andthereisnooilcost!

Getonabicycleandridearoundyourneighbourhood.Youmaydiscoversomethingnewallaroundyou.Stoppingandgettingoffabikeiseasierthanstoppingandgettingoutofyourcar.Youcanbiketoworkandbenefitfromtheenjoyableexercisewithoutpollutingtheenvironment.Youdon’tevenhavetoridealltheway.

Foldingbikesworkwellforpeoplewhotakethetrain.Justfoldthebikeandtakeitwithyou.Youcandothesameonanairplane.Afoldingbikecanbepackedinasuitcase.Youcanalsotakeacommonbikewithyouwhenyoufly.Butbesuretolookforinformationbygettingonairlinewebsites.Notallairlinesarebicycle-friendlytotravelers.

HealthBenefitsofBicycling:

Ithelpstopreventheartdiseases.Bicyclinghelpstocontrolyourweight.A15-minutebikeridetoandfromworkthreetimesaweekbumsofffivekilosoffatinayear.Bicyclingcanimproveyourmood.Exerciselikebicyclinghasbeenshowntomakepeoplefeelbetter,morerelaxedandself-confident.Bicyclingishealthierthandriving.

实战练习（三）

Understandingbodylanguageisimportanttosuccess,whetherinthebusinessworldorinourpersonallives.However,someofourideasaboutbodylanguagearewrong,accordingtomoderncommunicationresearch.

Thereisabeliefthatpeoplewithshifty（变化的）eyesareprobablylying.AsPaulEkmansays,“Whenweaskedpeoplehowtheycouldtellifsomeonewaslying,toomuchblinking（眨眼）andshiftyeyesweretheanswers.”Ekmangoesontoargueagainstsuchawrongbelief.Althoughthiskindofbodylanguageisprobablyanexpressionofnervousness,itisnotalwaysbecausethepersonislying.Shynesscan,forexample,makepeopleshifttheireyes.Tounderstandwhatsomeone’sbehaviormeans,youhavetowatchthemcarefully.

Thereisalsoabeliefthatwhenmeetingsomeone,themoreeyecontact,thebetter.Asaresultpeoplewouldliketomakeinitial（开始的）contactinformalsituations,likeajobinterview,bystaringfixedlyattheotherhuman.YetEkmanpointsoutthatmostofusarecomfortablewitheyecontactlastingafewseconds，butanyeyecontactthatislongerthanthatcmmakeusnervous.

Inshort,youmustcarefullyconsiderthespeakerandthespeakingenvironment.Expertssuggestthatunlessyouknowaboutsomeone’sbasiccommunicationstyle,youwillhavelittlehopeinunderstandingtheirtruefeelingsthroughbodylanguage.Inotherwords,bodylanguagecarriesimportantbutnotalwaystruemessages.

实战练习（四）

LindaEvanswasmybestfriend—likethesisterIneverhad.Wedideverythingtogether:

havingpianolessons,goingtomovies,swimming,andhorsebackriding.

WhenIwas13,myfamilymovedaway.LindaandIkeptintouchthroughletters,andwesaweachotheronspecialtime—likemyweddingandLinda’s.Soonwewerebusywithchildrenandmovingtonewhomes,andwewrotelessoften.OnedayacardthatIsentcameback,stamped“AddressUnknown.”IhadnoideahowtofindLinda.

Overtheyears,ImissedLindaverymuch.Iwantedtosharehappinessofmychildrenandthengrandchildren.AndIneededtosharemysadnesswhenmybrotherandthenmotherdied.TherewasanemptyplaceinmyheartthatonlyafriendlikeLindacouldfill.

OnedayIwasreadinganewspaperwhenInoticedaphotoofayoungwomanwholookedverymuchlikeLindaandwhoselastnamewasWagman—Linda'smarriedname.“TheremustbethousandsofWagmans,”Ithought,butIstillwrotetoher.

Shecalledassoonasshegotmyletter.“Mrs.Tobin!

’’shesaidexcitedly,“LindaEvansWagmanismymother.

MinuteslaterIheardavoicethatIknewverymuch,evenafter40years,laughedandcriedandcaughtuponeachother’slives.Nowtheemptyplaceinmyheartisfilled.Andthere’sonethingthatLindaandIknowforsure:

Wewon’tloseeachotheragain!

实战练习（五）

Asisknowntoall,sportsstarsearnlargeamountsofmoneyeveryyear.LeBronJames,thefamousAmericanbasketballstar,forinstance,earnsanincomeofmorethan20milliondollarsayear.Somepeopleholdtheviewthatth