考研英语一真题及答案.docx

考研英语一真题及答案.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案

2013年考研英语一真题

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,

B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmaking

individualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1__theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby__2___factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig__3___wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.__4___,hetheorisedthatajudge__5___ofapperaring

toosoft__6__crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7___hehadalready

sentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

To__8__thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the__9___

ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers__10___randomlyforinterviewduringthe

sameday,butDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas__11___.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews__12___by31admissionsofficers.The

interviewershad__13___applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale__14___numerousfactors

intoconsideration.Thescoreswere__15___usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreonthe

GranduateManagentAdimssionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis__16___outof800

points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

Dr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone__17___that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould__18___byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto__19___

theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen__20___.

1.

[A]grants

[B]submits

[C]transmits

[D]delivers

2.

[A]minor

[B]objective

[C]crucial

[D]external

3.

[A]issue

[B]vision

[C]picture

[D]external

4.

[A]Forexample

[B]Onaverage

[C]Inprinciple

[D]Aboveall

5.

[A]fond

[B]fearful

[C]capable

[D]thoughtless

6.

[A]in

[B]on

[C]to

[D]for

7.

[A]if

[B]until

[C]though

[D]unless

8.

[A]promote

[B]emphasize

[C]share

[D]success

9.

[A]decision

[B]quality

[C]status

[D]success

10.

[A]chosen

[B]studied

[C]found

[D]identified

11.

[A]exceptional

[B]defensible

[C]replaceable

[D]otherwise

12.

[A]inspired

[B]expressed

[C]conducted

[D]secured

13.

[A]assigned

[B]rated

[C]matched

[D]arranged

14.

[A]put

[B]got

[C]gave

[D]took

15.

[A]instead

[B]then

[C]ever

[D]rather

16.

[A]selected

[B]passed

[C]marked

[D]introduced

17.

[A]before

[B]after

[C]above

[D]below

18.

[A]jump

[B]float

[C]drop

[D]fluctuate

19.

[A]achieve

[B]undo

[C]maintain

[D]disregard

20.

[A]promising

[B]possible

[C]necessary

[D]helpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,

scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’affecther,Priestly

explainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashion

showstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundher

garment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldnbe’tmoreoutofdateoratodds

withthefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’threes-yearindictmentof

“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabels

suchasZara,H&M,

andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipate

demandmore

precisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.

Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonly

awashortwo,althoughtheydon

’tadvertiseandtothatrenewtheir–wardrobeeveryfewweeks.

Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashion

cycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera

$5.95knitminiskirt

inallits2,300-pius

storesaroundthe

world,itmustrely

onlow-wage

overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmful

chemicals.

Overdressedis

thefashionworld’sanswerto

consumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichael

Pollan’ThesOmnivore’Dilemmas.

“Mass-produced

clothing

likefastfood,fills

ahungerand

need,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,

”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billion

garmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,this

excessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarah

KateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes

–andbeautifully.ButasClineis

thefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan

.

’tbekno

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborand

theenvironment–includingH&M,

with

itsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieves

lastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomany

advocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystart

shoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan

’taffordnotto.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher[A]poorbargainingskill.

[B]insensitivitytofashion.

[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

[D]lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto[A]combatunnecessarywaste.

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto[A]accusation.

[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.

[D]tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim

thosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyone

tostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft

somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsother

“behavioural

’sd

productsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-commerceconductors[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]indulgence

[B]un