考研英语一真题及答案.docx

1、考研英语一真题及答案2013年考研英语一真题Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when makingindividual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a st

2、rength that _1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. _4_ , he theorised that a judge _5_ of apper

3、aringtoo soft _6_ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison _7_ he had alreadysentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To _8_ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the _9_of an applicant should not depend on the fe

4、w others _10_ randomly for interview during thesame day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was _11_ .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_by 31 admissions officers. Theinterviewers had_13_applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factorsinto consideration. The

5、scores were _15_ used i n conjunction with an applicant s score on theGranduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMA T, a standardized exam which is_16_ out of 800points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of int

6、erviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17_that, then the score for the next applicant would _18_by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to _19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20_.1.A

7、grantsBsubmitsCtransmitsDdelivers2.A minorBobjectiveCcrucialD external3.A issueBvisionCpictureDexternal4.A For exampleB On averageCIn principleDAbove all5.A fondB fearfulCcapableD thoughtless6.A inB onC toD for7.A ifB untilC thoughD unless8.A promoteB emphasizeC shareDsuccess9.A decisionB qualityC s

8、tatusD success10.A chosenB studiedC foundD identified11.A exceptionalB defensibleC replaceableD otherwise12.A inspiredB expressedC conductedD secured13.A assignedB ratedC matchedD arranged14.A putB gotC gaveD took15.A insteadB thenC everD rather16.A selectedB passedC markedD introduced17.A beforeB a

9、fterC aboveD below18.A jumpB floatC dropD fluctuate19.A achieveB undoC maintainD disregard20.A promisingB possibleC necessaryD helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on AN

10、SWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn affect her, Priestlyexplains how the deep blue color of the assistant s sweater descended over the years

11、from fashionshows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found hergarment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn be tmore out of date or at oddswith the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline threes-year indictment of“ fast f

12、ashion” . In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labelssuch as Zara ,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipatedemand moreprecisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit.These labels encourage sty

13、le-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last onlya wash or two, although they don t advertiseand tothatrenew theirwardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashioncycles, shaking an industry long accustomed

14、 to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a$5.95 knit miniskirtin all its 2,300-piusstores around theworld, it must relyon low-wageoverseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmfulch

15、emicals.Overdressed isthe fashion world sanswer toconsumer-activist bestsellers like MichaelPollan Thes Omnivore Dilemmas.“ Mass-producedclothing,like fast food, fillsa hunger andneed, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billiongarments a year about 6

16、4 items per person and no matter how much they give away, thisexcess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SarahKate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothesand beautifully. But as Cline isthe first to note, it took Beaumont

17、 decades to perfect her craft; her example can. t be knoThough several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor andthe environment including H&M,withits green Conscious Collection line Cline believeslasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the i

18、dealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only startshopping more sustainably when they can t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her A poor bargaining skill.B insensitivity to fashion.C obsession with high fas

19、hion.D lack of imagination.22.According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to A combat unnecessary waste.B shut out the feverish fashion world. C resist the influence of advertisements.D shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word “indictment ” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning

20、to A accusation.B enthusiasm. C indifference.D tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?AVanity has more often been found in idealists.BThe fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.CPeople are more interested in unaffordable garments.DPricing is vital to enviro

21、nment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?ASatire on an extravagant lifestyle.BChallenge to a high-fashion myth.CCriticism of the fast-fashion industry.DExposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no

22、one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aimthose most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grain

23、ed information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwerti

24、sers that they did not want to be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Micros

25、oft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyoneto stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether

26、 someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoftsome may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out ho

27、w. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other“ behavioural s dproducts favourably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microso

28、fts chief privacy officer, bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control. Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural ” ads help advertisers to:Aease competition among themselvesBlower their operational costsCavoid complaints from consumersDprovide bet

29、ter online services27.“The industry ” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: A online advertisersB e-commerce conductors C digital information analysisD internet browser developers28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default A many cut the number of junk adsB fails to affect the ad industry C will not ben

30、efit consumersD goes against human nature29.which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? A DNT may not serve its intended purposeB Advertisers are willing to implement DNTC DNT is losing its popularity among consumersD Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: A indulgenceB un