广东省汕头市初中毕业生升学考试英语科语法讲解及练习.docx
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广东省汕头市初中毕业生升学考试英语科语法讲解及练习
一.名词专题。
据《2020年广东省初中学业水平考试英语科目考试大纲》我们可以得知中考对于名词的语法能力考察集中于以下四点:
(1)可数名词及其单复数
(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格
考点分析:
中考对于名词的考察要求考生们:
(1)掌握名词复数的构成、用法;名词所有格的构成方法及用法;
(2)不可数名词作主语句子中的谓语动词要为单数;
(3)掌握名词的概念、分类,名词可分为:
普通名词和专有名词;
(4)辨析名词的意思,能够区分部分特殊名词的用法;
(5)理解名词在句中的功能,掌握名词的用法.
考点一:
名词的数:
名词按是否可数分类,可分为可数名词(CountableNouns)和不可数名词(UncountableNouns)。
1. 可数名词—可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,因此它有复数形式。
如cup(杯子),cat(猫)等。
(1)当可数名词为单数时,前要添加冠词。
(2)可数名词复数变化规律。
规则变化
一般直接+s
book-bookspen-pens
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾+es
class-classesbox-boxes
辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再+es
baby-babiescity-cities
以o结尾的词变复数的规则(有生命的+es,没生命的+s)
tomato-tomatoeshero-heroeszoo-zoos
potato-potatoesphoto-photoskilo-kilos
piano-pianosradio-radios
以f(e)结尾变f(e)为v再+es
leaf-leavesknife-kniveslife-livesshelf-shelves
不规则变化
man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenmouse-micechild-children
foot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese(鹅)
由两个名词组成的复合名词常在最后一个名词变复数。
(但如果第一个名词是man或woman时,两个名词都要变复数。
)aboystudent—twoboystudents
anappletree—sixappletrees(amanteacher—tenmenteachers
awomannurse—manywomennurses)
表示“某国人”单复数变化请记口诀:
中日不变,英法变,其他s加后边。
aChinese(Japanese)—sixChinese(Japanese)anEnglishman—sevenEnglishmen
aFrenchman—twelveFrenchmenanAmerican—fourAmericans
有些名词通常只用复数形式,其后谓语动词也要用复数。
people,police,trousers,socks,glasses,clothes,shorts,scissors等。
如:
ThepeopleinGuangdongarefriendlyandkind.Thepolicearrivesoonandcatchthethief.
▲复数形式的名词:
trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤glasses眼镜,trafficlights交通灯(一般有三盏,这样理解)sports(运动)
2. 不可数名词—不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an。
抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。
如milk(牛奶),bread(面包),coffee(咖啡)等。
中考还会以名词结合感叹句What/Whata/Whatan的选择来考,考生必须熟记不可数名词前没有这一特点,感叹句常出现的不可数名词有:
news/advice/weather等等。
如果不可数名词要表示一定的数量,则在其前加数量词表示。
如:
abottleofwater(一瓶水),fourpiecesofpaper(四张纸)。
在这种情况下,后面谓语动词与量词有关。
如:
Abottleofwaterisnotenough.ButthreebottlesofwaterareOK.
㈣考点二:
名词所有格:
表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加’s来表示所有关系,叫做名词所有格。
1.s属格:
(1)不以s结尾的名词在其后+’s。
如:
John’sfatherChildren’sDay
today’snewspapertheboy’sroom.
(2)以s结尾的名词在其后+’。
如:
thestudents’homeworkthegirls’desks
Teachers’Day
(3)并列名词所有格:
共有则在最后一名词后+’s属格,分别有则每个名词后都要+’s属格。
如:
TomandTim’sroom(两人共有的房间)
Tom’sandTim’srooms(两个分别有一间房,共2间房)
(4)有时表示某人的家,医务室或店铺时,所有格后经常不出现它修饰的名词。
如:
atLucy’s(在露西家)atthedoctor’s(在医务室)。
2.of属格:
不能用s属格的其他情况要用of属格表示。
themainideaofthestory(故事的主要意思);theflowersofthetree(树的花)。
3.双重所有格:
s属格与of属格相结合。
aclassmateofmyfather’s(我爸爸的一位同学);acarofmine(我的一辆小车)。
课堂实战演练
1.Don’tfillthepenwiththeblack_____becauseitsmellsterrible.
A.colorB.colorsC.inkD.inks
2.—Howmany___didyouhavethismorning?
—Onlytwo.AndthenIfeltfull.
A.classB.classesC.eggD.eggs
3.Withthehelpofhis,hehasbeentoalotof______aroundtheworld.
A.family;cityB.family;citiesC.families;cityD.families;cities
4.—Whatcanyouseeintheroom,Tom?
—Icanseethree____,two___andtwoinit.
A.tomatoes;piano;photoesB.tomato;pianos;photoes
C.tomato;piano;photosD.tomatoes;pianos;photos
5.Thereislittle____leftathome.Pleasegoandbuysome,dear.
A.carrotsB.potatoesC.riceD.tomatoes
6.Hehasfour_____.Allofthemcanbrushtheir______bythemselves.
A.children;toothB.children;teethC.child;teethD.child;tooth
7.—Doyouknowthetwo__________?
—Yes,they’reLucyandMary.
A.mandoctorsB.womandoctorC.mendoctorsD.womendoctors
8.Nearourschooltherearethree__.Youcanbuysomeanimaltoysforyourchildren.
A.toyfactoryB.toyfactoriesC.paperfactoryD.paperfactories
9.—Iwastoldyourclasshasthreenewcomers.—Yes.Oneisa___,theothertwoare_____.
A.Japan;GermanyB.Japanese;GermanC.Japanese;GermansD.Japanese;Germen
10.—HowcanIgetsomeinformationaboutthe2020Olympic______?
—YoucansearchitonBaidu.
A.GamesB.gameC.sportsD.sport
11.Therearemany______onthefarm.Wecangetwoolfromthemeveryyear.
A.dogsB.deerC.cowsD.sheep
12.Therearetwoandfiveinthezoo.
A.sheep;deerB.sheep;giraffeC.bear;deerD.monkey;tigers
13.I’dlikesomeforsuppertoday.Gotothesupermarketandbuya________home.
A.fishes;fishB.fish;fishC.fishes;fishesD.fish;fishes
14.Your_____aretoolong.You’dbetterchangeanotherone.
A.trousersB.glassesC.socksD.shorts
15.Iamthirsty.Ineed .
A.abookB.anumbrellaC.acupofteaD.apieceofbread
16.It’sveryhotinHainanthissummer.OnJune5th,the reached41.9℃.
A.temperatureB.informationC.developmentD.experience
17.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.Couldyoupleasegivemesomegood ?
A.ideaB.adviceC.suggestD.suggestion
18.Asktheboynottomakeany .Ican’tfallasleep.
A.voiceB.soundC.noiseD.singing
19.Akiloofapples tenyuan.Twobagsofmilk 9yuan.Theyare19yuantogether.
A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are
20.Thethree____upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough_____foradoublebed.
A.room,roomB.room,roomsC.rooms,roomD.rooms,rooms
21.—Cindy,howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?
—About20 walk.
A.minutesB.minute’sC.minutes’D.minute
22.—Whowillgiveusalectureon Day?
—An boyfromClass9.Heisveryexcellent.
A.Teacher’s;11-year-oldB.Teachers’;11yearsold
C.Teachers’;11-year-oldD.Teacher’s;11-yearsold
23.In HarbinDailyPaper,there’sanarticlewrittenby uncle.
A.today;TomB.today’s;Toms’C.today’s;Tom’sD.today;Tom’s
24. mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.
A.JimandDickB.Jim’sandDick’sC.Jim’sandDickD.JimandDick’s
25.Thegirloverthereis sister.
A.Lily’sandLucy’sB.Lily’sandLucyC.LilyandLucy’sD.LilyandLucy
26.Howaboutmeetingat at9:
00o’clockthismorning?
A.LinTao’sB.theLinTao’sC.theLinTao’shouseD.theLinTao
27.Nowtherearesomanypatientsat .Youmaywaitforalongtime.
A.thedoctor’sB.theshop’sC.thedoctorD.theshop
28.Doyouknowthe ?
A.mainidea’sbookB.book’smainideaC.mainideaofthisbookD.bookofthemainidea
29.Mr.Blackisafriendof .Myfatheroftengoestoseehim.
A.mymotherB.myfatherC.mymother’sD.myfather’s
30.Thisapartmentbelongstoafriendof .
A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary
31.TodayisSeptember10th.It's_____Day.
A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's
32.I'mafraidthatthereisno_____foryouinmycar,Becausetherearealreadyfivepeople.
A.landB.ground.roomD.floor
33.TheseGermanswanttohavesome____forsupper,sotheydecidetocatch____now.
A.fish,manyB.fishes,muchC.fish,muchD.fishes,many
34.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme______,please?
A.somebreadB.somewaterC.somecakesD.someeggs
35.Some______areflyingkitesneartheriver.
A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs
36.Therich______notalwayshappy.
A.areB.isC.haveD.has
37.InBritain,_______areallpaintedred.
A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox
38.Therearefour_______andtwo________inthegroup.
A.Japanese,GermenJapaneses,Germen
C.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans
39.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_________.
A.homeB.familyC.houseD.country
40.Motherbroughtme_________.
A.agoodnewsapieceofnewsC.manygoodnewsD.twonews
41.March8this_________Day.
A.Woman'sB.Women'sC.Womans'D.Women
42.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.
A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few
43.Therearethree______inourclass.
A.Zhou'sB.ZhousC.Zhous'D.Zhous's
44.It'saboutten________walk.
A.minute'sB.minutes'C.minuteD.minutes
45.Thisroomis_________.
A.BillandDavid'sB.Bill'sandDavid'sC.BillsandDavid'sD.BillandDavid
46.Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful_________inChina.
A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities
47.Wouldyoulike_________?
A.somemoremeatB.anymoremeatC.manymoremeatD.moremuchmeat
48.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?
—I'dliketwo_________.
A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks
49.Tom'scarismorebeautifulthan_________.
A.hisbrother'sandsisterB.hisbrotherandsister
C.hisbrothersandsistersD.hisbrother'sandsister's
50.—What’syour forthecomingreadingfestival?
—Iamthinkingaboutitnow,butIhaven’tfinishedit.
A.messageB.planC.informationD.decision
51.—Wouldyoulikesomebeefnoodles,Sandy?
—No,thanks.butIwanttodrinksome becauseIlikesomethingsweet.
A.orangesB.orangeC.lemonsD.lemonade
52.Iamhappytoseesomany onthefarm.AfterlunchIcanridethemeverywhere.
A.chickensB.cowsC.pigsD.horses
53.—DoyouthinkJackcangetthejob?
—Yes.His instudyingabroadhelpshimtogetthejobeasily.
A.experienceB.excuseC.experimentD.example
54.—Whatisyourfavorite ?
—Summer.Icangoswimmingatthattime.
A.festivalB.seasonC.monthD.weather
55.Youshouldlookintohiseyeswhenyoutalktosomebody.Itshowsyour .
A.shynessB.politenessC.quietnessD.rudeness
56.DuringtheSpringFestival,peopleinNorthernChinausuallyeat _asatraditionalChinesefood.
A.pizzaB.dumplingsC.hamburgersD.turkeys
57.—MoreandmorepeoplecometovisitJingzhouAncientCity.—That’strue.Ithasbecomethe ofJingzhou.
A.effortB.praiseC.courageD.pride
58.—Thegovernmentistryingtodevelopwintersportsforthe2022WinterOlympics.
—Nowonderpeopleareshowingmore inthem.
A.warmth