Elements in the Human Body.docx

Elements in the Human Body.docx

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ElementsintheHumanBody

ElementsintheHumanBody

99%ofthemassofthehumanbodyismadeupofonlysixelements:

oxygen,carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,calcium,andphosphorus.Everyorganicmoleculecontainscarbon.Since65-90%ofeachbodycellconsistsofwater（byweight）,itisn'tsurprisingthatoxygenandhydrogenaremajorcomponentsofthebody.

Here'sisalookatthemajorelementsinthebodyandwhattheseelementsdo.

Oxygen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Calcium

Phosphorus

Potassium

Sodium

Chlorine

Magnesium

Sulfur

Oxygen

65%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Oxygenispresentinwaterandothercompounds.

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Liquidoxygeninanunsilvereddewarflask.Liquidoxygenisblue.

WarwickHillier,AustraliaNationalUniversity,Canberra

Oxygenisnecessaryforrespiration.Youwillfindthiselementinthelungs,sinceabout20%oftheairyoubreatheisoxygen.

Carbon

18.6%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Carbonisfoundineveryorganicmoleculeinthebody.

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Photographofgraphite,oneoftheformsofelementalcarbon.

U.S.GeologicalSurvey

Carbonisingestedinfoodthatiseatenandbreathedinasacomponentofair.Itisfoundinthelungsasawasteproductofrespiration,carbondioxide.

Hydrogen

9.7%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Hydrogenisacomponentofthewatermoleculesinthebody,aswellasmostothercompounds.

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NGC604,aregionofionizedhydrogenintheTriangulumGalaxy.

Nitrogen

3.2%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Nitrogenisacomponentofproteins,nucleicacids,andotherorganiccompounds.

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Imageofsolid,liquid,andgaseousnitrogen.

chemdude1,YouT

Nitrogengasisfoundinthelungs,sincemostoftheairyoubreatheconsistsofthiselement.

Calcium

1.8%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Calciumisamajorcomponentoftheskeletalsystem.Itisfoundinbonesandteeth.

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Calciumisametal.Itreadilyoxidizesinair.Becauseitmakesupsuchalargepartoftheskeleton,aboutone-thirdofthemassofhumanbodycomesfromcalcium,afterwaterhasbeenremoved.

Tomihahndorf,CreativeCommonsLicense

Calciumisalsofoundinthenervoussystem,muscles,andthebloodwhereitisintegralinpropermembranefunction,conductingnerveimpulses,regulatingmusclecontractions,andbloodclotting.

Phosphorus

1.0%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Phosphorusisfoundinthenucleusofeverycell.

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Redphosphorusisoneofseveralformstakenbythiselement.

RTC,wikipedia.org

Phosphorusispartofnucleicacids,energycompounds,andphosphatebuffers.Theelementisincorporatedintothebones,combineswithotherelementsincludingiron,potassium,sodium,magnesiumandcalcium.Itisnecessaryforsexualfunctionandreproduction,musclegrowth,andtosupplynutrientstothenerves.

Potassium

0.4%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Potassiumprimarilyisfoundinthemusclesandnervesasanion.

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Chunkofpotassiummetalwithperoxides/superoxides（yellowcrystals）andozonide（redcoloring）onitssurface

JustinUrgitis,www.wikipedia.org

Potassiumisimportantformembranefunction,nerveimpulses,andmusclecontractions.Potassiumcationsarefoundincellularcytoplasm.Theelectrolytehelpstoattractoxygenandremovetoxinsfromthetissues.

Sodium

0.2%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Sodiumisimportantforpropernerveandmusclefunction.Itisexcretedinperspiration.

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Sodiummetalchunksundermineraloil.

Chlorine

0.2%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Chlorineaidsincellularabsorptionofwater.Itisthemajoranioninbodyfluids.

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Thisisasampleofpurechlorinegas.Chlorinegasisapalegreenishyellowcolor.

Greenhorn1,publicdomain

Chlorineisapartofhydrochloricacid,usedtodigestfood.Itisinvolvedinpropercellmembranefunction.

Magnesium

0.06%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Magnesiumisacofactorforenzymesinthebody.

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Photographoftheelementmagnesium,withapennytoindicatesizeofthesample.

U.S.GeologicalSurvey

Magnesiumisneededforstrongteethandbones.

Sulfur

0.04%ofBodyWeight

ByAnneMarieHelmenstine,Ph.D.,AGuide

Sulfurisacomponentofmanyaminoacidsandproteins.

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Crystalsofthenonmetallicelementsulfur.