英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保专题训练答案及解析.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保专题训练答案及解析.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保专题训练答案及解析

【英语】高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）专题训练答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.

   Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar（花蜜）ofitsflowersincreased.Thefluid,producedtoattractpollinating（授粉）insects,wasonaverage20percenthigherinflowersexposedtothebuzzcomparedtothoseleftinsilenceorexposedtohigherpitchedsounds.ProfessorLilachHadany,wholedthestudy,said:

"Ourresultsdocumentforthefirsttimethatplantscanrapidlyrespondtopollinatorsoundsinanecologicallyrelevantway."

   However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.Whileplantsrequirewater,sunlightandtherighttemperaturetogrow,itiswidelybelievedtheydonothavesensesinthewayanimalsdo.

   Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain."Plants'abilitytohearhasimplicationswellbeyondpollination—plantscouldpotentiallyhearandrespondtoherbivores,otheranimals,theelements,andpossiblyotherplants,"ProfHadanyadded.

   Amonth-longexperimentconductedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSocietyin2009foundfemalevoicesappeartospeedupthegrowthoftomatoes.Theresearchoffersapossibleexplanation—women'svoiceswereattherightfrequencyfortheplantstohear.

（1）What'seveningprimroseflowers'responsetobees'buzz?

A. Longerbloom.                

B. Sweeternectar.                

C. Brightercolor.                

D. Lessfluid.

（2）WherecanplantsgrowbetteraccordingtoHadany?

A. Onasquare.            

B. Besideahighway.            

C. Inthewoods.            

D. Alongthestreet.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?

A. PrinceCharlesproveskindofstupid.

B. Plantscanonlypotentiallyhearanimals.

C. Plantsrespondtosoundsslowlyandecologically.

D. Plantsgardenerstalktofrequentlydevelopwell.

（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A. Flowerscanhear.                                              

B. Beesarebestpollinators.

C. Plantscan'tgrowwithoutsound.                   

D. Women'svoicesimproveplants'growth.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人与植物的交流可以促其生长。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar（花蜜）ofitsflowersincreased.”可知，蜜蜂飞到夜来香花，在三分钟内其花朵花蜜的糖的浓度会增加，所以花蜜会更甜。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.”哈达尼教授认为，植物对传粉者做出反应的能力可能会在城市环境或繁忙道路旁减弱。

从而推断可知，在丛林里的植物生长得更好。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain.”研究表明，园丁们和他们的植物交谈的努力可能不会白费。

从而推断可知，园丁经常与植物交谈，生长得更好。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段“GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述人与植物的交流可以促其生长。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

   AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthatthewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenaturalworld.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations（迁徙）.

   Migratorybirds（候鸟）floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.Thatmigratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."InEnglish-languageWikipedia（维基百科）,theonlinesearchesformigratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,"saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.

   Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionWikipediasearchrecords,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchratesforinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.

   Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworld'sbiologicaldiversity.Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesandareasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.

   Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"Ithinkthere'saconcernamongconservationists（生态环境保护者）thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."

   RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:

whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."

（1）Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?

A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.

B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.

C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.

D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.

（2）WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?

A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.

B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.

C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.

D.Topresentresearchers'heavyworkload.

（3）HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?

A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'sservice.

B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.

C.Amazedatpeople'scareaboutnature.

D.Sadaboutpeople'snotgettingclosetonature.

（4）WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?

A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.

B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.

C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.

D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。

他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。

这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。

它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations（迁徙）.”可知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.”可知在维基百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。

即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:

whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:

哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。

即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

   Mytwo-andfour-year-oldboyslovetowin,whetherthey'reracingtheirbikesdownthesidewalkorjustfinishingtheirsnacks.It'struethatthosewithhighstatus,fromworldleadersandprizewinnerstoathletesandmoviestars,arepeoplewelikeandrespect.ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate（天生的）preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.

   Researchersshowedtoddlers（aged21to31months）ascenewheretwopuppets（木偶）approachedoneanotherfromoppositesidesofastageandonebowedtolettheotherpassfirst.Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.

   However,theresultswerequitedifferentwhentwopuppetsapproachedoneanotherandoneusedforcetoknocktheotherdownbeforecontinuingtotheotherside.Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.Astheresearchersconcluded,"Whenapproachingothers,veryyoungchildrencarenotonlywhowins,butalsohow."Thepreviousexperimenthasshownthattoddlersknowaboutsocialstatus,butthisexperimentwentonestepfurtherbyprovingtheyhaveanobviouspreferenceforhighstatus.Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.

   Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.So,whenmyfour-year-oldthinksthathehastogethisshoesonfirst,I'llkeepremindinghimthathelpinghisbrothersotheybothfinishfasteriswhatwinningisallabout.

（1）Whatdowetendtodoa