英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保专题训练答案及解析.docx

1、英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保专题训练答案及解析【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题训练答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Gardeners such as Prince Charles who claim that talking to plants encourages them to grow have long been seen as a little silly. But scientists have discovered evidence which suggests the Royal may

2、actually be right and they could be listening to him. Biologists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have found that flowers can act as a plants ears to help them detect the sound of approaching insects. When the researchers played recordings of flying bees to evening primrose flowers, within three min

3、utes the sugar concentrations in the nectar (花蜜) of its flowers increased. The fluid, produced to attract pollinating (授粉) insects, was on average 20 percent higher in flowers exposed to the buzz compared to those left in silence or exposed to higher pitched sounds. Professor Lilach Hadany, who led

4、the study, said: Our results document for the first time that plants can rapidly respond to pollinator sounds in an ecologically relevant way. However, Prof Hadany said a plants ability to respond to pollinators may be weakened in city environments or beside a busy road. While plants require water,

5、sunlight and the right temperature to grow, it is widely believed they do not have senses in the way animals do. But the study, published on the open-science website BioRxiv, suggests the efforts of gardeners who talk to their plants may not be in vain. Plants ability to hear has implications well b

6、eyond pollinationplants could potentially hear and respond to herbivores, other animals, the elements, and possibly other plants, Prof Hadany added. A month-long experiment conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society in 2009 found female voices appear to speed up the growth of tomatoes. The researc

7、h offers a possible explanation womens voices were at the right frequency for the plants to hear.（1）Whats evening primrose flowers response to bees buzz? A.Longer bloom.B.Sweeter nectar.C.Brighter color.D.Less fluid.（2）Where can plants grow better according to Hadany? A.On a square.B.Beside a highwa

8、y.C.In the woods.D.Along the street.（3）What can we infer from the research? A.Prince Charles proves kind of stupid.B.Plants can only potentially hear animals.C.Plants respond to sounds slowly and ecologically.D.Plants gardeners talk to frequently develop well.（4）What does the text mainly talk about?

9、 A.Flowers can hear.B.Bees are best pollinators.C.Plants cant grow without sound.D.Womens voices improve plants growth.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人与植物的交流可以促其生长。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When the researchers played recordings of flying bees to evening primrose flowers, within three minutes th

10、e sugar concentrations in the nectar (花蜜) of its flowers increased.”可知，蜜蜂飞到夜来香花，在三分钟内其花朵花蜜的糖的浓度会增加，所以花蜜会更甜。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“However, Prof Hadany said a plants ability to respond to pollinators may be weakened in city environments or beside a busy road. ”哈达尼教授认为，植物对传粉者做出反应的能力可能会在城市环境或繁忙道路旁减弱。从而

11、推断可知，在丛林里的植物生长得更好。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“But the study, published on the open-science website BioRxiv, suggests the efforts of gardeners who talk to their plants may not be in vain.”研究表明，园丁们和他们的植物交谈的努力可能不会白费。从而推断可知，园丁经常与植物交谈，生长得更好。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Gardeners such as Prince Charles who claim that

12、talking to plants encourages them to grow have long been seen as a little silly. But scientists have discovered evidence which suggests the Royal may actually be right and they could be listening to him. Biologists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have found that flowers can act as a plants ears to

13、help them detect the sound of approaching insects.”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述人与植物的交流可以促其生长。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。 An international team of researchers from the University of Oxford have found

14、that the way people use the Internet is closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural world. Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙). Migratory birds (候鸟) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory behavior is accompanied by s

15、ome human behavior. In English-language Wikipedia (维基百科), the online searches for migratory species tend to increase in spring when those birds arrive in the United States, said the lead author John Mittermeier. And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly 2.5 billion Wikipedia searc

16、h records, for 32,000 species, across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for insects, horsetails and flowering plants. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals. This finding suggests new ways to monitor changes in the worlds

17、 biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how much people care about nature, and which species and areas might be the most effective targets for conservation. Mittermeier is encouraged by the search results. He commented, I think theres a concern among conservationists (生态环境保护者) that peop

18、le are losing touch with the natural world and that theyre not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that sense, it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see peoples Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature. Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from the Unive

19、rsity of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation biologists, By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help

20、.（1）What have researchers found about species searches? A.They strengthen ties among people.B.They affect the animal movements.C.They differ in language backgrounds.D.They reflect animal migration seasons.（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3? A.To summarize the research process.B.To further

21、 support the research findings.C.To show the variety of species searches.D.To present researchers heavy work load.（3）How does Mittermeier feel about the search results? A.Satisfied with Wikipedias service.B.Worried about Wikipedia behavior.C.Amazed at peoples care about nature.D.Sad about peoples no

22、t getting close to nature.（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful? A.It helps to aim at conservation targets.B.It increases interest in big data approaches.C.It keeps track of trends in biologists work.D.It pushes people to solve difficult problems.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文

23、，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Seasonal t

24、rends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.”可知在维基百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see peoples Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature”可知Mittermeie

25、r看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。故选C。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard

26、认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。 My two- and four-year-old boys love to win, whether theyre racing their bikes down

27、 the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. Its true that those with high status, from world leaders and prize winners to athletes and movie stars, are people we like and respect. A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate (天生的) preference for high-ran

28、king peoplesbut only if those people arent hurtful toward others. Researchers showed toddlers (aged 21 to 31 months) a scene where two puppets (木偶) approached one another from opposite sides of a stage and one bowed to let the other pass first. Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 todd

29、lers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher statuseven before age three. However, the results were quite different when two puppets approached one

30、another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researchers concluded, When approaching others, very young children care not only who wins, but also how. The previous experime

31、nt has shown that toddlers know about social status, but this experiment went one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference. In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others. So, when my four-year-old thinks that he has to get his shoes on first, Ill keep reminding him that helping his brother so they both finish faster is what winning is all about.（1）What do we tend to do a