高考英语阅读理解综合题1.docx

高考英语阅读理解综合题1.docx

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高考英语阅读理解综合题1

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopmentAccordingtothefindings,teenagersaged15to16whohadaclosefriendshipratherthanalargergroupoffriendstheywerelessclosetohadagreatersenseofself-worthbythetimetheywere25yearsold.Thosepeoplewithaveryclosebestfriendwerealsolesslikelytoexperiencedepressionandsocialanxiety,thestudyfound.

   "Closefriendshipstrengthinmid-adolescencepredictedrelativeincreasesinself-worthanddecreasesinanxietyanddepressivesymptomsbyearlyadulthood,"theauthors,ledbyRachelK,Narr,apostdoctoralstudentfocusedonclinicalpsychologyattheUniversityofVirginia,wrote.

   Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.Friendshipsduringtheteenageyearspredictacademicsuccessandimprovedmentalhealth.Butthenewresearchfurtherexploresthetypeoffriendshipsteenagershave."Myhunch（预感）wasthatclosefriendshipscomparedtobroaderfriendshipgroupsandpopularitymaynotfunctionthesameway,"NarrtoldQuartz."Beingsuccessfulinoneisnotthesameasbeingsuccessfulintheother."

   Manystudyparticipantsdidnotcontinuetohaveacloserelationshipwiththeirhigh-schoolbestfriend,leadingtheresearcherstowonderwhatexactlywasresponsibleforthementalhealthbenefits.Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.

   Andastheresearcherspointout,thoseskillsarenotnecessarilybroughttobearintheworldofsocialmedia."Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,"studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.

（1）Whatisthebenefitofhavingacloseteenagefriendship?

A. Excellentperformanceinhighschool.           

B. Alargergroupoffriends.

C. Mentalhealthbyearlyadulthood.                 

D. Alargesocialnetworkinthefuture.

（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutthepastresearch?

A. Itattachedgreatsignificancetoadolescentfriendships.

B. Itwastotallydifferentfromthenewresearch.

C. Ithelpedimproveteenagers'mentalhealth.

D. Itcomparedbroaderfriendshipgroupswithpopularity.

（3）Whatdidtheresearchersthinkmightleadtothementalhealthbenefits?

A. Notcontinuingtohaveacloserelationship.     

B. Havingabestfriendinhighschool.

C. Understandingtheworldofsocialmedia.         

D. Knowinghowtobuildaclosefriendship

（4）WhatdidtheresearcherJosephsuggest?

A. Learningtousesocialmedia.                         

B. Broadeningyoursocialcircle.

C. Improvingtheskillsofmakingfriends.          

D. Concentratingonhigh-qualityrelationship.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的人也不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。

与过去的研究认为友谊很重要相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。

研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth，accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopment.“根据发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究，你十几岁时最好的朋友可能对你的长期心理健康有好处。

可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的”Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.“过去的一项研究表明，青少年间的友谊很重要，可知，过去的研究非常重视青少年间的友谊。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的”Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.“他们怀疑建立这种友谊的技巧和能力可能比友谊本身更重要，可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊会带来心理健康益处。

故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的"‘Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,’studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.”研究报告的撰写者之一JosephAllen在一份声明中说:

“随着科技的发展，建立浅层次朋友的社交网络变得越来越容易，因此，把时间和精力集中在与少数人建立密切联系上应该是优先考虑的事情。

”可知，研究人员JosephAllen建议把时间和精力集中在于一些人发展亲密关系是应该是重中之重，即发展高质量的友谊。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Dearyoungpoets,TIMEForKidshasachallengeforyou:

WritearhymingpoemandenteritintheTFKPoetryContest.Itmustbeapoemthatdoesnotcopyanotherpoet'sworks.

   Howtoenter:

Thiscontestwillbegin12pmonApril14,2019andwillend12pmonJune14,2019.Toenteronline,visitandfollowinstructionstosubmitthefollowing:

（a）anoriginalandpreviouslyunpublishedpoem;（b）theentrant'sfirstnameonlyande-mailaddress;（c）aparent'se-mailaddress.Limitoneentryperpersonore-mailaccount.

   Judging:

AllentrieswillbejudgedbypoetKennNesbitt,basedonthefollowingcriteria:

creativityandoriginality（50%）,useoflanguageandrhyme（25%）andappropriatenesstocontesttheme（25%）.Winnerswillbenotifiedbye-mailduringthemonthofJulyandmustrespondwithinfivedays.

   Eligibility（参赛资格）：

OpentolegalcitizensoftheUnitedStateswhoareprimaryschoolstudentsandare8to13yearsoldattimeofentry.

   Prizes:

Ourjudgewillselectfoursemifinalists,fromwhomonegrand-prizewinnerandthreefinalistswillbechosen.Theonegrand-prizewinnerwillreceiveanonlineclassvisitfromKennNesbitt.AllthesemifinalistswillreceiveasignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing,whichisworthabout$275.Thesemifinalists'poemswillbepublishedat.

（1）HowlongwillthePoetryContestlast?

A. Onemonth.                 

B. Twomonths.                 

C. Threemonths.                 

D. Fourmonths.

（2）WhatdoesthePoetryContestvaluemost?

A.Whetherthepoemisnovel.

B.Whetherthepoemishumorous.

C.Whetherthepoemiswritteninrhyme

D.Whetherthepoemissuitableforthecontesttheme.

（3）Whatcanthefinalistsget?

A.A$275bonus.

B.Anonlineclassvisit.

C.Thepositionofassistanteditor.

D.AsignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一项由TIMEForKids举办的诗歌比赛：

如何参赛，如何评判，参赛者资格，如何评选获奖等相关信息。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thiscontestwillbegin12pmonApril14,2019andwillend12pmonJune14,2019.”本次比赛将于2019年4月14日下午12点开始，2019年6月14日下午12点结束。

可知，此次比赛历时2个月。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“AllentrieswillbejudgedbypoetKennNesbitt,basedonthefollowingcriteria:

creativityandoriginality（50%）,useoflanguageandrhyme（25%）andappropriatenesstocontesttheme（25%）.”所有参赛作品将由诗人KennNesbitt根据以下标准进行评判:

创造力和原创性（50%），语言和韵律的使用（25%）和主题的适当性（25%）。

可知，创新性占据50%，可以推断出此次比赛看重创新性。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“AllthesemifinalistswillreceiveasignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing,whichisworthabout$275.Thesemifinalists'poemswillbepublishedat.”所有的半决赛选手都会收到一份签名版的《大脚怪》，价值约275美元。

半决赛选手的诗作将在上发表。

参加半决赛的选手包含决赛选手，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。

考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Arecentstudyfindsthatthedirtonthegroundislikelytoworsenclimatechange.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil,whichiscausingmicrobes（微生物）tobecomemoreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil'scarbonintotheatmosphere.Thesesoilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.

   Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.

   Theyfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungi（真菌）insoilfrom1990to2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfromthedeadplantsandleavesthemicrobeseat.Astemperaturesrise,themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat,themorecarboncanbemadeintocarbondioxideandreleasedintotheatmosphere.

   Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.Overall,soilreleasesaboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhumanactivities.Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:

theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisaboutequaltothecarbonoceansandplantstakein.

   However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding.

   Ifsomethingisn'tdone,wearereallyintrouble.Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.Conservationmethodsincludeavoidingturningthesoil,coveringoff-seasoncropsandleavingcropdepositsontheground.

（1）Whichwordcanbestdescribethescientists'researchdata?

A.Rich.

B.Rare.

C.Limited.

D.Difficult.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intensifies"inParagraph4mean?

A.Causes.

B.Demands.

C.Strengthens.

D.Shows.

（3）Whatmainlycausesthesoil'stemperaturetorise?

A.Activebacteria.

B.Humanactivities.

C.Theoverusesofsoil.

D.Thewastesoffossilfuels.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.Warmersoilandmorecarbon.

B.Thesoilandtheenvironment.

C.Themicrobesandthetemperatures.

D.Hotterairandwarmerenvironment.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类燃烧燃料造成的土壤变化可能导致地球更高的温度。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.”科学家们研究了来自世界各地的设备读数、土壤测量、植物生长细节和卫星观测数据。

他们的工作是对这一课题最全面的研究。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.”可知，and为并列连词，即intensifies应与之前的speedsup为同义词。

speedup意为“加速”，C项strengthen意为“加强；增强”可为同义词。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheat