经济学原理对应练习 01.docx
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经济学原理对应练习01
1.ThewordthatcomesfromtheGreekwordfor"onewhomanagesahousehold"is
a.market.
b.consumer.
c.producer.
d.economy.
2.Theword“economy”comesfromtheGreekwordoikonomos,whichmeans
a.“environment.”
b.“production.”
c.“onewhomanagesahousehold.”
d.“onewhomakesdecisions.”
3.Resourcesare
a.scarceforhouseholdsbutplentifulforeconomies.
b.plentifulforhouseholdsbutscarceforeconomies.
c.scarceforhouseholdsandscarceforeconomies.
d.plentifulforhouseholdsandplentifulforeconomies.
4.Economicsdealsprimarilywiththeconceptof
a.scarcity.
b.poverty.
c.change.
d.power.
5.Whichofthefollowingquestionsisnotansweredbythedecisionsthateverysocietymustmake?
a.Whatdeterminesconsumerpreferences?
b.Whatgoodswillbeproduced?
c.Whowillproducethegoods?
d.Whowillconsumethegoods?
6.Theoverridingreasonastowhyhouseholdsandsocietiesfacemanydecisionsisthat
a.resourcesarescarce.
b.goodsandservicesarenotscarce.
c.incomesfluctuatewithbusinesscycles.
d.people,bynature,tendtodisagree.
7.Thephenomenonofscarcitystemsfromthefactthat
a.mosteconomies’productionmethodsarenotverygood.
b.inmosteconomies,wealthypeopleconsumedisproportionatequantitiesofgoodsandservices.
c.governmentsrestrictsproductionoftoomanygoodsandservices.
d.resourcesarelimited.
8.Approximatelywhatpercentageoftheworld'seconomiesexperiencescarcity?
a.25%
b.50%
c.75%
d.100%
9.Whenasocietycannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave,itissaidthattheeconomyisexperiencing
a.scarcity.
b.shortages.
c.inefficiencies.
d.inequities.
10.Forsociety,agoodisnotscarceif
a.atleastoneindividualinsocietycanobtainallheorshewantsofthegood.
b.firmsareproducingthegoodatfullcapacity.
c.allmembersofsocietycanhavealltheywantofthegood.
d.thosewhohaveenoughincomecanbuyalltheywantofthegood.
11.Whichofthefollowingproductswouldbeconsideredscarce?
a.golfclubs
b.Picassopaintings
c.apples
d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.
12.Economicsisthestudyof
a.productionmethods.
b.howsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.
c.howhouseholdsdecidewhoperformswhichtasks.
d.theinteractionofbusinessandgovernment.
14.Inmostsocieties,resourcesareallocatedby
a.asinglecentralplanner.
b.asmallnumberofcentralplanners.
c.thosefirmsthatuseresourcestoprovidegoodsandservices.
d.thecombinedactionsofmillionsofhouseholdsandfirms.
15.Theadage,"Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch,"isusedtoillustratetheprinciplethat
a.goodsarescarce.
b.peoplefacetradeoffs.(togetsomethingwelike,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthingwelike)
c.incomemustbeearned.
d.householdsfacemanydecisions.
18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentstheprinciplerepresentedbytheadage,"Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch"?
a.Melissacanattendtheconcertonlyifshetakeshersisterwithher.
b.Gregishungryandhomeless.
c.Brianmustrepairthetireonhisbikebeforehecanrideittoclass.
d.KendramustdecidebetweengoingtoColoradoorCancunforspringbreak.
19.Theprinciplethat"peoplefacetradeoffs"appliesto
a.individuals.
b.families.
c.societies.
d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.
20.Atypicalsocietystrivestogetthemostitcanfromitsscarceresources.Atthesametime,thesocietyattemptstodistributethebenefitsofthoseresourcestothemembersofthesocietyinafairmanner.Inotherwords,thesocietyfacesatradeoffbetween
a.gunsandbutter.
b.efficiencyandequity.
c.inflationandunemployment.
d.workandleisure.
21.Gunsandbutterareusedtorepresenttheclassicsocietaltradeoffbetweenspendingon
a.durableandnondurablegoods.
b.importsandexports.
c.nationaldefenseandconsumergoods.
d.lawenforcementandagriculture.
22.Whensocietyrequiresthatfirmsreducepollution,thereis
a.atradeoffbecauseofreducedincomestothefirms'ownersandworkers.
b.atradeoffonlyifsomefirmsareforcedtoclose.
c.notradeoff,sincethecostofreducingpollutionfallsonlyonthefirmsaffectedbytherequirements.
d.notradeoff,sinceeveryonebenefitsfromreducedpollution.
23.Atradeoffexistsbetweenacleanenvironmentandahigherlevelofincomeinthat
a.studiesshowthatindividualswithhigherlevelsofincomeactuallypollutelessthanlow-incomeindividuals.
b.effortstoreducepollutiontypicallyarenotcompletelysuccessful.
c.lawsthatreducepollutionraisecostsofproductionandreduceincomes.
d.byemployingindividualstocleanuppollution,employmentandincomebothrise.
24.Whichofthefollowingphrasesbestcapturesthenotionofefficiency?
a.absolutefairness
b.equaldistribution
c.minimumwaste
d.equitableoutcome
25.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
a.Efficiencyreferstothesizeoftheeconomicpie;equityreferstohowthepieisdivided.
b.Governmentpoliciesusuallyimproveuponbothequityandefficiency.
c.Aslongastheeconomicpiecontinuallygetslarger,noonewillhavetogohungry.
d.Efficiencyandequitycanbothbeachievediftheeconomicpieiscutintoequalpieces.
26.Efficiencymeansthat
a.societyisconservingresourcesinordertosavethemforthefuture.
b.society'sgoodsandservicesaredistributedequallyamongsociety'smembers.
c.society'sgoodsandservicesaredistributedfairly,thoughnotnecessarilyequally,amongsociety'smembers.
d.societyisgettingthemaximumbenefitsfromitsscarceresources.
27.Economistsusethewordequitytodescribeasituationinwhich
a.eachmemberofsocietyhasthesameincome.
b.eachmemberofsocietyhasaccesstoabundantquantitiesofgoodsandservices,regardlessofhisorherincome.
c.societyisgettingthemaximumbenefitsfromitsscarceresources.
d.thebenefitsofsociety'sresourcesaredistributedfairlyamongsociety'smembers.
28.SenatorSmithwantstoincreasetaxesonpeoplewithhighincomesandusethemoneytohelpthepoor.SenatorJonesarguesthatsuchataxwilldiscouragesuccessfulpeoplefromworkingandwillthereforemakesocietyworseoff.Aneconomistwouldsaythat
a.weshouldagreewithSenatorSmith.
b.weshouldagreewithSenatorJones.
c.agooddecisionrequiresthatwerecognizebothviewpoints.
d.therearenotradeoffsbetweenequityandefficiency.
29.Whichofthefollowingwordsandphrasesbestcapturesthenotionofequity?
a.minimumwaste
b.maximumbenefit
c.sameness
d.fairness
ANS:
DDIF:
1REF:
1-1
TOP:
EquityMSC:
Definitional
30.Whengovernmentpoliciesareenacted,
a.equitycanusuallybeenhancedwithoutanefficiencyloss,butefficiencycanneverbeenhancedwithoutanequityloss.
b.efficiencycanusuallybeenhancedwithoutanequityloss,butequitycanneverbeenhancedwithoutanefficiencyloss.
c.itisalwaysthecasethateitherefficiencyandfairnessarebothenhanced,orefficiencyandequityarebothdiminished.
d.Noneoftheabovearecorrect.
ANS:
DDIF:
2REF:
1-1
TOP:
Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:
Applicative
31.Alikelyeffectofgovernmentpoliciesthatredistributeincomeandwealthfromthewealthytothepooristhatthosepolicies
a.enhanceequity.
b.reduceefficiency.
c.reducetherewardforworkinghard.
d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.
ANS:
DDIF:
2REF:
1-1
TOP:
Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:
Interpretive
32.Whenthegovernmentimplementsprogramssuchasprogressiveincometaxrates,whichofthefollowingislikelytooccur?
a.Equityisincreasedandefficiencyisincreased.
b.Equityisincreasedandefficiencyisdecreased.
c.Equityisdecreasedandefficiencyisincreased.
d.Equityisdecreasedandefficiencyisdecreased.
ANS:
BDIF:
2REF:
1-1
TOP:
Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:
Interpretive
33.Asaresultofasuccessfulattemptbygovernmenttocuttheeconomicpieintomoreequalslices,
a.itiseasiertocutthepie,andthereforetheeconomycanproducealargerpie.
b.thegovernmentcanmoreeasilyallocatethepietothosemostinneed.
c.thepiegetssmaller,andtherewillbelesspieoverall.
d.governmentwillspendtoomuchtimecuttinganditcausestheeconomytolosetheabilitytoproduceenoughpieforeveryone.
ANS:
CDIF:
3REF:
1-1
TOP:
Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:
Analytical
34.Whenthegovernmentattemptstoimproveequityinaneconomytheresultisoften
a.anincreaseinoveralloutputintheeconomy.
b.additionalgovernmentrevenuesinceoverallincomewillincrease.
c.areductioninequity.
d.areductioninefficiency.
ANS:
DDIF:
2REF:
1-1
TOP:
Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:
Interpretive
35.Whenthegovernmentredistributesincomefromthewealthytothepoor,
a.efficiencyisimproved,butequityisnot.
b.bothwealthypeopleandpoorpeoplebenefitdirectly.
c.peopleworklessandproducefewergoodsandservices.
d.wealthypeopleconsumefewergoods,butpoorpeopleconsumemoregoods,resultinginnorealchange.
ANS:
CDIF:
2REF:
1-1
TOP:
Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:
Interpretive
36.Ineconomics,thecostofsomethingis
a.thedollaramountofobtainingit.
b.alwaysmeasuredinunitsoftimegivenuptogetit.
c.whatyougiveuptogetit.
d.oftenimpossibletoquantify,eveninprinciple.
ANS:
CDIF:
1REF:
1-1
TOP:
OpportunitycostMSC:
Definitional
37.Whatyougiveuptoobtainanitemiscalledyour
a.opportunitycost.
b.explicitcost.
c.truecost.
d.directcost.
ANS:
ADIF:
1REF:
1-1
TOP:
OpportunitycostMSC:
Definitional
38.Theopportunitycostofgoingtocollege