人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点.docx
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人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点
人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点
U4(选修六)
Languagepoints-reading1
1.dependon/upon+n依靠,依赖,确(坚)信
Youcan’tdependonyourparentsforever.
dependon/upon+sb.+todo指望某人做……
Youcan’tdependonhimtocomeontime.
dependon/upon+it+that….指望…..
Youmaydependonitthathewillcome.
dependon/upon+wh-从句
Whetheryoucanpasstheexamdependsonhow hardyouwork.
That(all)depends./italldepends.(口语)视情况而定,
Imayhelpyou.Butthat/itdepends.
2.light
1)n.光,线,灯
2)v.照亮,点燃
Helitamatch.他划着了一根火柴。
Asmileoftriumphlitupherface.她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。
Thematchlightseasily.这火柴容易划着
3)adj
Thesuitcaseisverylight.(轻的)
Therewasalightrainfalling.
Heisalightsleeper.他睡不沉。
(易醒的)
3.heatv./heatup是某物变热或变暖
heatedadj.热的激烈的
heateddebate,heateddiscussion
heatedlyadv.愤怒地激昂地
heater加热器发热器
4.consumev.----consumer (n.).
1消耗,花费;耗尽
Sheconsumedmostofhertimeinreading.
2吃完,喝光
Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthetable.孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。
3使全神贯注,使着迷+with
Theboywasconsumedwithcuriosity.那男孩充满好奇心。
5.as…asonecan=as…aspossible
Pleasecomehereassoonaspossible.=Pleasecomehereassoonasyoucan..
asmanyas多达
aslongas长达,只要
asfaras远至,就…而论
aswellas和…一样好,也,和
asearlyas早在
6.对比:
Ourfoodsupplyhasgivenout.
Hismoneysoonranout.
Wearerunningoutofourtime.
Ihaverunoutofmyoil.
Allhissavingshavebeenusedup.
7.Trapvt./n.挡住圈套
Sandandleavestrappedthewaterinthestream.
Theyfinallytrappedthemouseinacage.最后,他们用笼子把老鼠逮着了。
Thepolicesetatrapforthethieves.
Shewastrappedintheburninghouse.
8.keep….from….
stop….(from)….
prevent…(from)….
Youshouldcleanyourroomtokeepitfromgettingdirty.你应该打扫房间以保持干净。
Keepdoing继续
keepout挡住使进不去
keepupwith跟上
9Whatdoyouthinkgreenhousegasesdo?
你认为温室气体有什么作用呢?
▲本句中think后接了一个由what引导的宾语从句。
但应注意的是:
特殊宾语从句即当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,consider,imagine,guess和suggest等时,表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。
例如:
[正]Whodoyouthinkwillwininthegame?
[误]Doyouthinkwhowillwininthegame?
当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后,例如:
[误]Whydoyouknowwecan'tcutdownthebigtree?
[正]Doyouknowwhywecan'tcutdownthebigtree?
whencomparedtoothernaturalchanges是一个省略的时间状语从句,其完整的形式应该是Whenitiscomparedto…;
在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中,如果从句和主句为同一主语,或者从句的主语是it,而且从句中的谓语动词时动词be或含有助动词be,可省略主语和be如:
If(itis)so,youmustgetbackandgetit.Although(hewas)criticized,hestillworkedhard.
Hehurthislegsbadlywhen(hewas)playingfootball
pare
compareto/with:
与…相比
Comparedto/withmanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunate.
compareAwithB:
相比(不同)
Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,youwillfindhersismuchbetter.
compareAtoB:
把A比作B
Poetshavecomparedsleeptodeath.
Ateacher'sworkisoftencomparedtoacandle.
Thepoetcompareshislovertoaroseinhispoems.
Comparedtotenyearsago,thecarbondioxidecontentoverthisdecadehasgoneuprapidly.
Carbondioxideintheatmosphereiscomparedtotheglassofgreenhouse.
Comparedwithissimilarto
Peopleoftencompareteacherstogardeners.人们经常把老师比做园丁。
Thatprobablydoesn’tsoundverymuchtoyouormebutitisarapidincrease.
comparedtomostnaturalchanges 与大多数的自然变化相比
eabout:
发生=happen(无被动)
1Thissituationshouldneverhavecomeout.
2Howdiditcomeaboutthathehadhisleghurt?
他的腿伤着了,这是怎么发生的?
3Thishasnotcomeaboutovernight.冰冻三尺,非一日之寒
Takeplace事件的发生有某种原因或事先的安排:
TheOlympicGamesof2008tookplaceinBeijing.
Happen偶然或突发性事件:
whathappenedtoyou?
Ihappenedtoseehimonmywayhome=IthappenedthatIsawhimonmywayhome.
Occur发生或想到,突然想起,意为发生时=happen:
whathasoccurred?
Ioccurredtomethatshedidn’tknowIhadmovedintothenewhouse.
Comeabout事情发生了,但还不知道为什么。
常用于否定和疑问
Whenmotherwokeup,shedidn’tknowwhathadcomeabout.
Breakout常指战争灾难疾病争吵事件的发生
comeintobeing形成
Comeintopower/office当权/当职
Comeintoforce/effect开始生效
Comeout出版,结果…comeacross偶遇
cometo共计,苏醒
Whenitcomesto涉及
Comeupwith提出
Comeup在空中出现,
Comealong,进展,跟随
cometrue …成真
12.Thereisnodoubtthat….毫无疑问….
Thereisnodoubtthathecancomeontime.
doubt的宾语从句,肯定句whether/if/that否定句that
Hedoubtedwhethertheywouldbeabletohelp.
Heneverdoubtedthattheywouldwinthegame.
beyond/withoutdoubt无疑地
Itishumanactivitythat…
原句:
Myteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.
强调主语:
Itwasmyteacherthatdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.
强调宾语Itwastheexperimentthatmyteacherdidinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.
强调时间状语Itwasyesterdaymorningthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabwithme.
强调地点状语Itwasinthelabthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentyesterdaymorningwithme.
强调方式状语Itwaswithmethatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorning.
not…until…
Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
ItwasuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIdidn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.(错)
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(对)
强调句的一般疑问句句型:
Is/Was+被强大的部分+that/who/whom+句子的其他部分?
特殊疑问句强调句句型的构成:
特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分(用陈述语序)例如:
DidhehelpyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweek?
WasithethathelpedyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweek?
Whendidyoureceivethegift?
Whenwasitthatyoureceivedthegift?
13random随意的胡乱的随机的/randomly
atrandom任意地随便地
14.phenomenon(sing.)phenomena(pl.)
thephenomenaofnature自然现象
asocialphenomenon社会现象
15.Subscribevi. Vt.
Subscribeto同意赞同,支持订阅签名
Isubscribetoyouropinioncompletely.(同意赞同)
Isubscribetoaweeklywomen’smagazine(订阅报纸杂志)
Shesubscribestoasocietywhichhelpstoprotectanimals(定期捐款)
16.Withoutthe‘greenhouseeffect’,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.如果没有温室效应,地球会比现在冷33℃
▲这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句
=Iftherewereno“greenhouseeffect”,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.
Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodemindustry.
要是没有电,就不会有现代工业。
Hewashavingameetingwithhisstudents;otherwisehewouldhavecome.
他当时正与他的学生进行讨论,否则的话他就来帮我们了。
Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.
他昨天很累,不然他就参加那个聚会了。
17.addv.
addup加起来
addupto合计达
addto增加
Ifyouadd4to3,youget7
Addupthesefigures,please.
18.quantity
1)Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksinquantity.他喜欢阅读,总是成批地买书。
2)Heprefersqualitytoquantitywhenfoodisconcerned.在吃的方面,他重质而不重量
3Alargequantityofair-conditionershasbeensoldsincethetemperaturebegantorise.自从气温升高,大量的空调已经被卖出去了。
alargequantityof/largequantitiesof;大量的…,许多的…
inquantity;成批地,大量地
alargequantityof/largequantitiesof之后接可数或不可数名词。
注意:
alargequantityof…作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
largequantitiesof…作主语,谓语动词都用复数
Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.
HugequantitiesofCO2areaddedtotheatmosphere.
Hugequantitiesoffossilfuelsareburnedtoproduceenergy.
Asaresultofburningfossilfuels,alarge ofcarbondioxide___addedtotheatmosphere.
A.number;is B.quantity;is
C.number;are D.quantity;are
19.Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中,从而引起全球气温上升。
causing现在分词短语置于句尾,通常和句子隔开,作结果状语。
现在分词作结果状语时,表示正常的结果
Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoneyandabigcompany.
不定式短语也可以置于句尾,有时前面加only,在句子中作结果状语,但往往表示出乎意料之外的或事与愿违的结果例如:
Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthtrainhadleftalready.
20.Tend-tendency
vt.照顾,护理
Sheistending(to)averysickpatient.(她在护理一位重病人。
)
Thereisafarmertendinghissheep.
vi.tendto易于,往往会;倾向于
WhenI’mtired,Itendtomakemistakes.
Hetendstogetangrywhenpeopleopposehisopinion.
Shewentup(toCambridge)in1977.(英)上大学
Cigarettesaregoingup(inprice).上涨
Newofficeblocksaregoingupeverywhere.建造起盖起
Thewholebuildingwentupinflames.被烧(炸)毁
WhenareyounextgoinguptoScotland?
北上苏格兰
Unemploymenthasgoneupagain.增加
Thecurtaingoesuponasuburbanliving-room.(舞台幕布)拉起
We‘regoinguptoLondonnextweekend. 进城
goupinsmoke化为乌有
goby经过
goinfor参加
gothrough经历,遭到
goon前进
22.resultin导致,造成=leadto
Theaccidentresultedinthreepeoplebeingkilled.
Theaccident______thedeathoftwopassengers.
A.resultedfrom B.resultedin
C.resultedof D.resultedwith
resultfrom:
起因于,因为…
23.Mostcitizensopposedthenewtax.大部分市民反对新税。
★2)Themotheropposedherdaughter’sgoingtherealone.这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿
3)I’mstronglyopposedtoyourplan.我坚决反对你的计划。
4)Hisdaughterisveryathletic,asopposedtohisson,whoisveryclever.他的女儿擅长运动,他的儿子却擅长动脑,两人形成鲜明的对比。
opposesth反对某事;
opposedoingsth反对干某事
beopposedtosth./doingsth.反对…
asopposedto(介词)与…对照下
表示“反对”的短语:
saynoto…对…说不,拒绝,反对;
beagainst反对,不同意;
objectto(doing)sth.反对,讨厌;
objectthat…对…提出异议。
例如:
Canyouexplainwhyyousaidnotomyoffer?
你能否解释一下为什么拒绝我的帮助?
Theyobjectedthattheschedulewastootight.它们对工作进度表太紧提出异议。
24.1)Theriseinlungcancerswasaconsequenceofcigarettesmoking.肺癌的增长是吸烟造成的结果。
2)——I’mafraidyou’reill.你恐怕是病了吧
——It’sofnoconsequence.不要紧
★3)Asaconsequenceofagreatfirethehousewascompletelydestroyed.由于大火,房子被彻底毁坏了。
4)Whoshouldanswerfortheconsequenceoftheaccident.谁应该为这起事故负责?
beofno/little/great/much+consequence不/非常重要
asaconsequence(of…)=
inconsequence(of…)结果(是…),由于…
taketheconsequenceof承担责任
answerfortheconsequences对…后果负责。
句子改写
1)Hehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,sotheyhadtowalkthere.
=Hehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin____________theyhadtowalkthere.
2)Istheexperimentveryimportanttoyou?
=Istheexperiment__