区块链外文翻译文献编辑.docx

区块链外文翻译文献编辑.docx

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文献信息：

文献标题：

BlockChainTechnology:

BeyondBitcoin（区块链技术：

超越比特币）

国外作者：

MCrosby，VKalyanaraman

文献出处：

《AppliedInnovationReview》,2016,7

（2）:

6-19字数统计：

英文2904单词，16015字符；中文5190汉字

外文文献：



BlockChainTechnology:

BeyondBitcoin

AbstractAblockchainisessentiallyadistributeddatabaseofrecords,orpublicledgerofalltransactionsordigitaleventsthathavebeenexecutedandsharedamongparticipatingparties.Eachtransactioninthepublicledgerisverifiedbyconsensusofamajorityoftheparticipantsinthesystem.Onceentered,informationcanneverbeerased.Theblockchaincontainsacertainandverifiablerecordofeverysingletransactionevermade.Bitcoin,thedecentralizedpeer-to-peerdigitalcurrency,isthemostpopularexamplethatusesblockchaintechnology.Thedigitalcurrencybitcoinitselfishighlycontroversialbuttheunderlyingblockchaintechnologyhasworkedflawlesslyandfoundwiderangeof applicationsinbothfinancialandnon-financialworld.

Introduction

Ablockchainisessentiallyadistributeddatabaseofrecords,orpublicledgerofalltransactionsordigitaleventsthathavebeenexecutedandsharedamongparticipatingparties.Eachtransactioninthepublicledgerisverifiedbyconsensusofamajorityoftheparticipantsinthesystem.Onceentered,informationcanneverbeerased.Theblockchaincontainsacertainandverifiablerecordofeverysingletransactionevermade.Touseabasicanalogy,itiseasiertostealacookiefromacookiejar,keptinasecludedplace,thanstealingthecookiefromacookiejarkeptinamarketplace,beingobservedbythousandsofpeople.

Bitcoinisthemostpopularexamplethatisintrinsicallytiedtoblockchaintechnology.Itisalsothemostcontroversialonesinceithelpstoenableamultibillion-dollarglobalmarketofanonymoustransactionswithoutanygovernmentalcontrol.Henceithastodealwithanumberofregulatoryissuesinvolvingnationalgovernmentsandfinancialinstitutions.

However,Blockchaintechnologyitselfisnon-controversialandhasworkedflawlesslyovertheyearsandisbeingsuccessfullyappliedtobothfinancialandnon-financialworldapplications.Lastyear,MarcAndreessen,thedoyenofSiliconValley’scapitalists,listedtheblockchaindistributedconsensusmodelasthemostimportantinventionsincetheInternetitself.JohannPalychatafromBNPParibaswroteintheQuintessencemagazinethatbitcoin’sblockchain,thesoftwarethatallowsthedigitalcurrencytofunctionshouldbeconsideredasaninventionlikethesteamorcombustionenginethathasthepotentialtotransformtheworldoffinanceandbeyond.

SectionI:

BlockChainTechnology1.ShortHistoryofBitcoin

In2008,anindividual（orgroup）writingunderthenameofSatoshiNakamotopublishedapaperentitled“Bitcoin:

APeer-To-PeerElectronicCashSystem”.Thispaperdescribedapeer-to-peerversionoftheelectroniccashthatwouldallowonlinepaymentstobesentdirectlyfromonepartytoanotherwithoutgoingthroughafinancialinstitution.Bitcoinwasthefirstrealizationofthisconcept.Now“cryptocurrencies”isthelabelthatisusedtodescribeallnetworksandmediumsofexchangethatusescryptographytosecuretransactions-asagainstthosesystemswherethetransactionsarechanneledthroughacentralizedtrustedentity.

TheauthorofthefirstpaperwantedtoremainanonymousandhencenooneknowsSatoshiNakamototothisday.Afewmonthslater,anopensourceprogramimplementingthenewprotocolwasreleased,beginningwiththeGenesisblockof50coins.Anyonecaninstallthisopensourceprogramandbecomepartofthebitcoinpeer-to-peernetwork.Ithasgrowninpopularitysincethen.

ThepopularityoftheBitcoinhasneverceasedtoincreasesincethen.Moreover,

theunderlyingBlockChaintechnologyisnowfindingnewrangeofapplicationsbeyondfinance.

2.BlockchainTechnology:

Howdoesitwork?

WeexplaintheconceptoftheblockchainbyexplaininghowBitcoinworkssinceitisintrinsicallylinkedtotheBitcoin.However,theblockchaintechnologyisapplicabletoanydigitalassettransactionexchangedonline.

（1）ValidateEntries

（2）SafeguardEntries（3）PreserveHistoricRecord

Internetcommerceisexclusivelytiedtothefinancialinstitutionsservingasthetrustedthirdpartywhoprocessandmediateanyelectronictransaction.Theroleoftrustedthirdpartyistovalidate,safeguardandpreservetransactions.Acertainpercentageoffraudisunavoidableinonlinetransactionsandthatneedsmediationbyfinancialtransactions.Thisresultsinhightransactioncosts.

Bitcoin uses cryptographic proof instead of the trust-in-the-third-partymechanismfortwowillingpartiestoexecuteanonlinetransactionovertheInternet.Eachtransactionisprotectedthroughadigitalsignature,issenttothe“publickey”ofthereceiver,andisdigitallysignedusingthe“privatekey”ofthe