小说中的形象性和语言外文文献.docx

小说中的形象性和语言外文文献.docx

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小说中的形象性和语言外文文献

文献信息

标题:

IconicityandtheOriginofLanguage:

CharlesS.Peirce（1839-1914）andGiorgioFano（1885-1963）

作者:

Petrilli,Susan

出版物名称:

TheAmericanJournalofSemiotics

卷:

24

期:

4

页:

123-136

页数:

14

出版年份:

2008

出版日期:

2008

年份:

2008

出版商:

SemioticSocietyofAmerica

出版物地点:

Kent

出版物国家/地区:

UnitedStates

出版物主题:

SocialSciences:

ComprehensiveWorks,Humanities:

ComprehensiveWorks

ISSN:

02777126

IconicityandtheOriginofLanguage:

CharlesS.Peirce（1839-1914）andGiorgioFano（1885-1963）

Marr,renownedforhissuperficialandratherrecklesslinguistictheories;and,attheoppositeextreme,byanotherRussianauthor,MikhailM.Bakhtin,whosefametodayisspreadingglobally,andcertainlythroughouttheUnitedStatesaswellasinEurope,thankstohisimportantcontributionstothestudyoflanguage,signs,andliterarygenres（withparticularreferencetothenovel）.2Theproblemoflanguageoriginshouldnotbeunderestimated,especiallywhenattemptingtoavoidorientationsthattheorizeagapseparatinghumanandnonhumananimalcommunication,therebylosingsightoftheessentialsemioticalcontinuitythatinsteadunitesthetwospheresinourbiosphere（asSebeok'szoösemioticshasevidencedsowell）.Focussinguponsuchcontinuityfromthepointofviewofcommunicationandthecontinuitybetweenhumanandnonhumananimalsignsystems,Sebeok（1986:

13）,citingGregoryBateson,describesthe"complexformsofart,music,ballet...andthelike,and,evenineverydaylifetheintricaciesofhumankinesiccommunication,facialexpressionandvocalintonation"astheperfectedformsofthenonverbalaptitudesandorgansinanimals.

ThefirstpartialeditionofOriginienaturadellinguaggiobyGiorgioFanoappearedin1962,underthetideSaggiosulleoriginidellinguaggio（Essayontheoriginsoflanguage）.Theenlargededitionappearedin1973,andbycomparisontothe1962editiondealsnotonlywiththeproblemoftheoriginsoflanguage,butalsowiththeproblemofthenatureoressenceoflanguage.ThissecondenlargededitionwascommissionedtomefortranslationintoEnglishbyThomasA.SebeokforIndianaUniversityPress.Thetranslationwaspublishedin1992underthetitleTheOriginsandNatureofLanguage.

Ofthetwoparts,Ibelievethatthesecondisthemoreinterestingandtopical.Thegeneralframeworkisthatoflinguisticsandsemiotics,whilstthefirstpartpresentsratherexcessiveandunfruitfuleffortsatanalysisonlanguageorigin.Intruth,Fanohimselfdeclareshisdiffidencetowardsglottogonictheories（i.e.,theoriesconcerningtheoriginofhumanlanguage）,1andcriticizesinterpretationsofanempirical-inductive,psychological,andtheologicalorder.Heunderlinesthedifficulty,ifnottheabsoluteimpossibility,offormulatingadefinitivescientificsolutiontotheproblemoflanguageorigin,consideringespeciallytheideoscopicnatureofscientificdata.Accordingtothegestural-mimetictheorythatFanoisinclinedtosupport,humanlanguagewasoriginallyamimeticlanguageaccompaniedbyemotionalcries,whichiscertainlynotanewtheory.IthasbeentakenupanddevelopedinrelativelyrecenttimesbytheRussianlinguistJa.Marr,renownedforhissuperficialandratherrecklesslinguistictheories;and,attheoppositeextreme,byanotherRussianauthor,MikhailM.Bakhtin,whosefametodayisspreadingglobally,andcertainlythroughouttheUnitedStatesaswellasinEurope,thankstohisimportantcontributionstothestudyoflanguage,signs,andliterarygenres（withparticularreferencetothenovel）.2

Theproblemoflanguageoriginshouldnotbeunderestimated,especiallywhenattemptingtoavoidorientationsthattheorizeagapseparatinghumanandnonhumananimalcommunication,therebylosingsightoftheessentialsemioticalcontinuitythatinsteadunitesthetwospheresinourbiosphere（asSebeok'szoösemioticshasevidencedsowell）.Focussinguponsuchcontinuityfromthepointofviewofcommunicationandthecontinuitybetweenhumanandnonhumananimalsignsystems,Sebeok（1986:

13）,citingGregoryBateson,describesthe"complexformsofart,music,ballet...andthelike,and,evenineverydaylifetheintricaciesofhumankinesiccommunication,facialexpressionandvocalintonation"astheperfectedformsofthenonverbalaptitudesandorgansinanimals.Atthesametime,however,animallanguagesandhumanlanguagesarenothomologous,inthesenseofanthropomorphicinterpretations.AsSebeokhasclearlystated,verballanguageisaspecies-specificfeatureofHomosapiens,sothat"manalonehasthecompetencetocommunicatebybothnonverbalandverbalmeans,ofteninseparablyinterwreathed".3

Likeallthosetheoriessupportingthethesisofthegestural-mimeticoriginoflanguage,GiorgioFano'sglottogonictheory,givenitsnon-scientificcharacter,canhardlybeconfuted.Allthesame,