八年级英语上册Unit.docx

八年级英语上册Unit.docx

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八年级英语上册Unit

八年级英语上册Unit 1知识要点（北师大附中2013版新目标）

新目标英语八年级上讲义

                             Unit1

1. 复合不定代词：

 指人:

 someone  anyone        noone  everyone

        某人     某人，任何人  没有人  每人

       somebody anybody      nobody  everybody

指物：

something    anything       nothing   everything

      某物        某物，任何事物  没有东西  每件事物

 1）复合不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单三.

Ex.Someoneiswaitingforyouatthedoor.

  Nobodyknowstheanswertothequestion.

2）some…一般用于肯定句中，any…一般用于否定句和疑问句中.

Ex. Thereissomethingintheroom.

    Thereisn’tanythingintheroom.    

    Isthereanythingintheroom?

    Ihavesomethingtodotoday.

    Idon’thaveanythingtodotoday.

    Thereissomeoneoutsidethedoor.

    Thereisn’tanyoneoutsidethedoor.

    Isthereanyoneoutsidethedoor?

 3）在表示邀请，请求，建议希望得到对方肯定回答时，用some…,不用any…

  Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink/eat?

 4）肯定句中anything表示任何事物,anyone=anybody任何人

Ex.AnythingisOK.

  Icandoanythingforyou.

  Anybodyknowstheanswer.

5）形容词或todo形式修饰复合不定代词时要后置.

Ex.Thereisnothingwrongwithmycar.

  Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

  Thereisn’tanythinginterestinghere.

  Doyouwantsomethingtodrink/eat?

6）noteverybody/everyone/everything表示部分否定，意为‘并非都…’

 Ex.Noteveryonelikessinging.

     Noteverythinggoeswell.

  not any…和no…表示全部否定

 Ex.Helistened,butheardnothing.

    Helistened,butdidn’thearanything.

  notanything =nothing   notanyone/body=noone/nobody

  Ex.Thereisnothinginthebottle. =Thereisn’tanythinginthebottle.

 7）noone指人，回答Who提问,nooneof…/nobody不能加of

nothing指物,不能加of    none指人或物，回答Isthere…?

提问

noneof…

Ex.Whoisintheroom?

Noone.

  Isthereanyoneintheroom?

 None.

2. 表地点复合不定副词：

somewhere          anywhere                 

某地，肯定句中      某地，否定句和疑问句中/任何地方，肯定句中

nowhere       everywhere

没有地方      到处，每个地方,用于肯定句中

Ex.Iwanttogosomewhereinteresting.

3. wonderfuladj.精彩的

Ex.Wehadawonderfultimeonthebeach.

  Itissuchawonderfulfilmthatweallenjoyit.

                 who…

wonderv.想知道  what…     引导的宾语从句，用陈述句语序

                 why…

 Ex.Iwonderwhotheboyis.=Iwanttoknowwhotheboyis.

    Iwonderwhattheyaredoing.=Iwanttoknowwhattheyaredoing.

 wonder+特殊疑问词+todo 

 Ex.Iwonderwhattodo.=Iwanttoknowwhattodo.=IwonderwhatIshoulddo.

   Iwonderwheretogo./Iwonderhowtodothat.

4、几乎没有  few 后接可数名词复数                 

（否）   little后接不可数名词            

肯   afew有一些，后加可数名词复数   quiteafew相当多，不少

alittle有点，后加不可数名词      quitealittle相当多，不少

         onlyafew    只有一点

         onlyalittle  

         veryfew   非常少

         verylittle 

 Ex.Ihaveafewfriends.肯  Ihavefewfriends.否

    Ihavequiteafewfriends.

  alittle修饰adj.=kindof=alittlebit

5.mostofthetime大部分时间

mostofthefood 

mostofus/them

mostof+n.=most+n.

Ex.MostofthestudentslikeEnglish.=MoststudentslikeEnglish.

6.Ofcourse.=Sure.=Certainly.当然.

7.反身代词

  第一人称：

myself       ourselves我们自己

  第二人称：

yourself你自己      yourselves你们自己

  第三人称：

himself他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己   

   themselves他们自己

 8.seem似乎，好像

  1）seemtobe+形容词/名词=seem+形容词/名词似乎…

  Ex.Thatseemstobehermother.=Thatseemshermother.

      Itseemstobetoodifficult.=Itseemstoodifficult.

  2）seemtodosth

  Heseemstohaveacold.

  3）Itseemsthat+从句. 

Itseemsthatheishappy.=Heseemstobehappy.=Heseemshappy.

 9. adj.  bored感到无聊的  修饰人

           boring令人厌烦的   修饰事或物

   Ifeelbored,becausethemovieisboring.

   beboredwith…对…感到无聊

   Ex.I’mboredwiththeboringmovie.

10.keep/writeadiary =keep/writediaries记日记（keep优先使用）

11.activityn.活动  activities复数

 Ex.Whatactivitiesdidyoufindinteresting?

12.decide决定

 1）decidetodosth.决定做某事=makeadecisiontodosth=makeone’sminddoingsth 

Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.

   decidenottodosth决定不要做某事

   decide+疑问词+动词不定式 

   Hecannotdecidewhentoleave.

2）decide+宾语从句（陈述句语序）

   Hecan’tdecidewhenheleaves.

   Ican’tdecidewhereIshouldgo.改为同义句

 Ican’tdecidewheretogo.

 13. trytodosth. 努力尽力去做某事

    Ex.Youmusttrytopasstheexam.

    trydoingsth.试着做某事

    Ex.Hetriedmakingamodelplane.

    tryone’sbesttodosth=doone’sbesttodosth尽最大努力做某事

    Ex.YoushouldtryyourbesttolearnEnglishwell.

    haveatry试一试  tryon试穿

    Ex.Letmehaveatry.

14.feellike 

1）给……的感觉，后接从句

  Hefeelslikeheisswimming.

  IfeltlikeIwasabird.

 2）feellike 想要后接名词/代词/doingsth

   feellikedoingsth=wanttodosth=wouldliketodosth想要做某事

  Doyoufeelliketakingawalkwithme？

  Doyouwanttotakeawalkwithme?

 3）feel+形容词,感到…

   Ifeelbored.

     look+adj.       sound+adj.      feel+adj.

     looklike+n.     soundlike+n.    feellike+n.

15. look看起来 taste尝起来

be（waswereisamare）

 sound听起来 feel感觉摸起来    系动词+adj.

 smell闻起来 seem似乎

16. buildv.建筑   n.体格 ofmediumbuild中等身材

  building n.建筑物,大楼  buildern.建筑师

16. differencen.不同点-----differencesn.复数

differentadj.不同的 bedifferentfrom…不同于…=notthesameas…

 Ex.1）ChinesenamesaredifferentfromEnglishnames.=Chinesenamesaren’tthesameasEnglishnames.

     2）I’mdifferentfromyou.=I’mnotthesameasyou.

     3）Ican’tseethedifferencesbetweenthebusesinthepicture.

                    n.不同之处

17.onthetopofthehill在山顶,面

  atthetopofthehill在山顶,点（最高点）

  atthefootofthehill在山脚下

 walkuptothehilltop径直走向山顶  

 cometop登顶，得第一

 Ex.Healwayscomestopeveryexam.

 18.waitfor+人或物wait不及物动词，连接for

Ex.I’llwaitforyouatthedoor.

  Hewaitedoveranhourforthetrain.（Hewaitedforthetrainoveranhour.）

     can’twaittodosth迫不及待做某事

Ex.Thewonderfulvacation,Ican’twait.

19. because+从句

becauseof+n./pron./doing

     Becausetheweatherwasbad,wecouldn’tseeanythingbelow.

     Becauseofthebadweather,wecouldn’tseeanythingbelow.

20.enough  1）adj足够的，修饰名词做定语

             Wehaveenoughtimetodoourhomework.

              Ihaveenoughmoney.

           2）adv.足够地，充分地，用来修饰形容词或副词，一般置于被修饰词之后

             Iknowhimwellenough.我足够了解他。

             Herunsfastenough.他跑得足够快。

21. so+adj/adv+that+从句  如此…以至于…

    too+adj/adv+todosth.太。

。

。

而不能。

。

。

    not+adj+enoughtodosth.不足够。

。

。

去做某事

   Ex.  Heistooyoungtolookafterhimself.

         Heissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.

         Heisn’toldenoughtolookafterhimself.

22.hungryadj.饥饿的——hungern.饥饿 inhunger处于饥饿中

  Ex.Therearemanychildreninhungerintheworld.

23.as的用法:

  ⑴as+adj./adv.+as…，意为“像……一样…，如同用来表示程度

     Tomplayssoccerwell,andIplayitaswellashim.

     Lilysingsaswellasasinger.

  ⑵介词，表示作为，当做

     Heworksasateacherfor10years.

⑶连词，意为像，按照

     YoumustdoeverythingasItoldyou.

⑷连词意为“当……的时候”

     Asthestudentsweretalking,MrWangcamein.

24.dislike——liketodosth/doingsth

25. visit（vt.）及物动词

    visit+人 拜访  访问

    visit+地点 参观 游览

  Ex.WearevisitingtheGreatWall.

       （n.）beonavisitto

     beonavisitto+人或+地点

     WeareonavisittotheGreatWall.

26.goonavacation去度假    beonavacation在度假

27. goto+地点+withsb.和某人一起去某地

Ex. Lastweekend,Iwenttotheparkwithmyfamily.

    Didyougowithanyone?

    gooutwithsb.和某人一起出去

    Whodidyougooutwith?

 28.Lonetimenosee.好久不见.=It’salongtimenottosee.

 29.takephotos=takeaphoto拍照

  takemanyphotos

  takequiteafewphotos

takephotosofsb/sth 给…拍照

 30.mostofthetime大部分时间

  Ex.It’snoisyheremostofthetime.

     Mostofthefoodgoesbad.

 31.stayathome呆在家  stayhealthy保持健康  stayuplate熬夜

 32.tastev.品尝Let’stastethebread.   

        系动词,尝起来+形容词 Thebreadtastesdelicious.

 33.haveagoodtime=havefun=enjoyoneself玩的高兴

  Ex.Weareenjoyingourselvesonthebeach.

Theyareenjoyingthemselvesonthebeach.

Iamenjoyingmyselfonthebeach.

     haveagoodtime

     havefun           +doingsth

     enjoyoneself

  34.Whatdoyouthinkof…?

=Howdoyoulike…?

你觉得…怎么样？

 35. buysth.forsb.=buysb.sth.为某人买某物

  Mymotherboughtabikeforme.

  Mymotherboughtmeabike.

 36.goshopping=dosomeshopping去购物

 37.teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学

   Helpyourselftosth.随便吃点…

 38.feed喂养

   1）feed…withsth用…喂…

     Sheisfeedingthebabywithporridge.

   2）feedon…以…为食

     Horsesfeedongrass.

   3）feedsthto…把…喂给…

     Heisfeedinggrasstothehorse.

 39. nothing…but…除了……什么也没有，其后接n/pron/动词原形,只有…

   Ex.Ihadnothingbutacupofmilkthismorning.

      IhadnothingmuchtodobutwatchTV.

 40.Nooneseemedtobebored.似乎没人觉得无聊.

 41. sayabout…. 发表……看法

    Ex.Whatdidshesayaboutthepeoplethere?

 42.arrivein+大地方

   arriveat+小地方

   getto…/reach…

  HearrivedinAmericanbyplaneyesterday,andIwillgettherenextweek.

 43.感叹句:

  How+形+主+谓！

 Ex.Howfinetheweatheris. 

 Whata/an+形+名词单数+主+谓！

 Whatafinedayitis!

 What形+名词复数+主+谓！

 Whatbeautifulgirlstheyare!

44.inthepast在过去

45.walkaround四处漫步

46.starttodosth=begintodosth

  startdoingsth=begindoingsth（doing常用）

  Itstartedrainingalittle.

47.over=morethan超