金融术语中英文对照.docx
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金融术语中英文对照
附:
经济金融术语汉英对照表(表一)
A
安全网
safetynet
按可比口径
oncomparablebasis
按轻重缓急
toprioritize
暗补
implicitsubsidy
暗亏
hiddenloss
B
颁发营业执照
tolicense;tograntalicenceto
办理存款业务
totakedeposits
保护农民的生产积极性
toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce
备付金(超额准备金)
excessreserves
本外币并账
consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts
本外币对冲操作
sterilizationoperation
本位利益
localizedinterest;departmentalism
奔小康
tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do
避税(请见“逃税”)
taxavoidance
币种搭配不当
currencymismatch
币种构成
currencycomposition
变相社会集资
disguisedirregular(orillegal)fundraising
表外科目(业务)
off-balance-sheetitems(operation)
薄弱环节
weaknesses;loopholes
不变成本
fixedcost
不变价
atconstantprice;inrealterms
不动产
realestate
不良贷款(资产)
problemloans;non-performingloans(assets)
C
财务公司
financecompanies
财政赤字
fiscaldeficit
财政挤银行
fiscalpressureonthecentralbank(overmonetarypolicy)
财政政策与货币政策的配合
coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies
采取循序渐进的方法
inaphasedandsequencedmanner
操作弹性
operationalflexibility
操纵汇率
tomanipulateexchangerate
产品构成
productcomposition;productmix
产品积压
stockpile;excessiveinventory
产销率
currentperiodinventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/outputratio
产销衔接
marketability
产业政策
industrialpolicy
长期国债
treasurybonds
敞口头寸
openposition
炒股
tospeculateinthestockmarket
承购包销
underwrite(securities)
成套机电产品
completesetsofequipment;completeplant(s)
城市信用社
urbancreditcooperatives(UCCs)
城市合作银行
urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks
城市商业银行
municipalcommercialbanks
城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅
realgrowthinhouseholdincome
持续升温
persistentoverheating
重复布点
duplicateprojects
重置成本
replacementcost
重组计划
restructuringplan
筹资渠道
fundingsources;financingchannels
初见成效
initialsuccess
出口统一管理、归口经营
canalizationofexports
出口退税
exporttaxrebate
储蓄存款
householddeposits(不完全等同于西方savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。
)
储蓄分流
diversionofhouseholddeposits
储源萎缩
declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings
传导机制
transmissionmechanism
从价税
advaloremtax
从紧控制
tightcontrol
存贷款比例
loan/depositratio
存款保险体系
depositinsurancesystem
存款货币银行
depositmoneybanks
存款准备金
requiredreserves
D
打白条
issueIOU
大额存单
certificateofdeposit(CD)
大额提现
withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts
大面积滑坡
wide-spreaddecline
大一统的银行体制
(all-in-one)mono-banksystem
呆账(请见“坏账”)
badloans
呆账准备金
loanlossreserves(provisions)
呆滞贷款
idleloans
贷款沉淀
non-performingloans
贷款分类
loanclassification
贷款限额管理
creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling
贷款约束机制
creditdisciplinary(constraint)mechanism
代理国库
toactasfiscalagent
代理金融机构贷款
makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions
戴帽贷款
ear-markedloans
倒逼机制
reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition
道德风险
moralhazard
地区差别
regionaldisparity
第一产业
theprimaryindustry
第二产业
thesecondaryindustry
第三产业
theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry
递延资产
deferrableassets
订货不足
insufficientorders
定期存款
timedeposits
定向募集
raisingfundsfromtargetedsources
东道国(请见“母国”)
hostcountry
独立核算
independentaccounting
短期国债
treasurybills
对冲操作
sterilizationoperation;hedging
对非金融部门债权
claimsonnon-financialsector
多种所有制形式
diversifiedownership
E
恶性通货膨胀
hyperinflation
二级市场
secondarymarket
F
发行货币
toissuecurrency
发行总股本
totalstockissue
法定准备金
requiredreserves;reserverequirement
法人股
institutionalshares
法人股东
institutionalshareholders
法治
ruleoflaw
房地产投资
realestateinvestment
放松银根
toeasemonetarypolicy
非现场稽核
off-sitesurveillance(ormonitoring)
非银行金融机构
non-bankfinancialinstitutions
非赢利性机构
non-profitorganizations
分税制
assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem
分业经营
segregationoffinancialbusines(services);divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions
风险暴露(风险敞口)
riskexposure
风险管理
riskmanagement
风险意识
riskawareness
风险资本比例
risk-weightedcapitalratios
风险资本标准
risk-basedcapitalstandard
服务事业收入
publicservicecharges;user'scharges
扶贫
povertyalleviation
负增长
negativegrowth
复式预算制
double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount
G
改革试点
reformexperimentation
杠杆率
leverageratio
杠杆收购
leveragedbuyout
高息集资
toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest
个人股
non-institutionalshares
根本扭转
fundamentalturnaround(orreversal)
公开市场操作
openmarketoperations
公款私存
depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts
公用事业
publicutilities
公有经济
thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector
公有制
publicownership
工业成本利润率
profit-to-costratio
工业增加值
industrialvalueadded
供大于求
supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply
鼓励措施
incentives
股份合作企业
joint-equitycooperativeenterprises
股份制企业
joint-equityenterprises
股份制银行
joint-equitybanks
固定资产贷款
fixedassetloans
关税减免
tariffreductionandexemption
关税减让
tariffconcessions
关税优惠
tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment
规范行为
toregularize(orstandardize)…behavior
规模效益
economiesofscale
国计民生
nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood
国家对个人其他支出
othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals
国家风险
countryrisk
国际分工
internationaldivisionoflabor
国际收支
balanceofpayments
国有独资商业银行
whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks
国有经济(部门)
thestate-owned(orpublic)sector
国有企业
state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)
国有制
state-ownership
国有资产流失
erosionofstateassets
国债回购
governmentsecuritiesrepurchase
国债一级自营商
primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities
过度竞争
excessivecompetition
过度膨胀
excessiveexpansion
过热迹象
signsofoverheating
H
合理预期
rationalexpectation
核心资本
corecapital
合资企业
joint-ventureenterprises
红利
dividend
宏观经济运营良好
soundmacroeconomicperformance
宏观经济基本状况
macroeconomicfundamentals
宏观调控
macroeconomicmanagement(oradjustment)
宏观调控目标
macroeconomicobjectives(ortargets)
坏账
baddebt
还本付息
debtservice
换汇成本
unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings
汇兑在途
fundsinfloat
汇兑支出
advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank
汇率并轨
unificationofexchangerates
活期存款
demanddeposits
汇率失调
exchangeratemisalignment
混合所有制
diversified(mixed)ownership
货币政策态势
monetarypolicystance
货款拖欠
overdueobligationstosuppliers
J
基本建设投资
investmentininfrastructure
基本经济要素
economicfundamentals
基本适度
broadlyappropriate
经济金融术语汉英对照表(表二)
所有者权益
owner'sequity
T
逃税(请见“避税”)
taxevasion
套汇
(1)指合法:
currencyswap;arbitrage
(2)指非法:
illegalpurchaseofforeignexchange
剔除季节性因素
seasonallyadjusted
调节流动性
toinfluenceliquiditylevel
贴现窗口
discountwindow
同比
onyear-on-yearbasis;overthesameperiodofthepreviousyear
同业拆借(放)
inter-bankborrowing(lending)
同业拆借市场利率(中国)
CHIBOR(Chinainter-bankofferedrate)
同业融通票据
inter-bankfinancingbills
同业往来
inter-banktransactions
透支
overdraft
退税
taxrefund(rebate)
头寸
position
吞吐基础货币
adjustmentofmonetarybase
脱媒现象
disintermediation
W
外部审计
externalaudit
外国直接投资
foreigndirectinvestment(FDI)
外汇储备
foreignexchangereserves
外汇调剂
foreignexchangeswap
外汇占款
theRMBcounterpartofforeignexchangereserves;theRMBequivalentofoffcialforeignexchangeholdings
外向型经济
export-orientedeconomy
外债
externaldebt
外资企业
foreign-fundedenterprises
完善现代企业制度
toimprovethemodernenterprisesystem
完税凭证
taxpaymentdocumentation
违法经营
illegalbusiness
委托存款
entrusteddeposits
稳步增长
steadygrowth
稳健的银行系统
asoundbankingsystem
稳中求进
tomakeprogresswhileensuringstability
无纸交易
book-entry(orpaperless/scriptless)transaction
物价监测
pricemonitoring
X
吸纳流动性
toabsorbliquidity
稀缺经济
scarcityeconomy
洗钱
moneylaundering
系统内调度
fundallocationwithinabank
系统性金融危机
systemicfinancialcrisis
下岗工人
laid-offemployees
下游企业
down-streamenterprises
现场稽核
on-siteexamination
现金滞留(居民手中)
cashheldoutsidethebankingsystem
乡镇企业
townshipandvillageenterprises(TVEs)
消费物价指数
consumerpriceindex(CPI)
消费税
excise(consumption)tax
消灭财政赤字
tobalancethebudget;toeliminatefiscaldeficit
销货款回笼
reflowofcorporatesalesincometothebankingsystem
销售平淡
lacklustersales
协议外资金额
committedamountofforeigninvestment
新经济增长点
newsourcesofeconomicgrowth
新开工项目
newprojects;newlystartedprojects
新增贷款
incrementalcredit;loanincrement;creditgrowth;creditexpansion
新增就业位置
newjobs;newjobopportunities
信贷规模考核
reviewthecompliancewithcreditceilings
信号失真
distortedsignals
信托投资公司
trustandinvestmentcompanies
信息不对称
informationasymmetry
信息反馈
feedback(information)
信息共享系统
informationsharingsystem
信息披露
informationdisclosure
信用扩张
credirexpansion
信用评级
creditrating
姓“资”还是姓“社”
pertainingtosocialismorcapitalism;socialistorcaptialist
行政措施
administrativemeasures
需求膨胀
demandexpansion;excessivedemand
虚伪存款
window-dressingdeposits
削减冗员
toshedexcesslaborforce
寻租
rentseeking
迅速反弹
quickrebound
Y
养老基金
pensionfund
一刀切
universalapplication;non-discretionaryimplementation
一级市场
primarymarket
应收未收利息
overdueinterest
银行网点
bankingoutlets
赢利能力
profitability
营业税
businesstax
硬贷款(商业贷款)
commercialloans
用地审批
tograntlanduseright
有管理的浮动汇率
managedfloatingexchangerate
证券投资
portfolioinvestment
游资(热钱)
hotmoney
有市场的产品
marketableproducts
有效供给
effectivesupply
诱发新一轮经济扩张
triggeranewroundofeconomicexpansion
逾期贷款
overdueloans;past-dueloans
与国际惯例接轨
tobecomecompatiblewithinternationallyaccepted
与国际市场接轨
tointegratewiththeworldmarket
预算外支出(收入)
off-budget(extra-budgetary)expenditure(revenue)
预调
pre-emptiveadjustment
月环比
onamonth-on-monthbasis;onamonthlybasis
Z
再贷款
centralbanklending
在国际金融机构储备头寸
reservepositionininternationalfinancialinstitutions
在人行存款
depositsat(with)thecentralbank
在途资金
fundinfloat
增加农业投入
toincreaseinvestmentinagriculture
增势减缓
decelerationofgrowth;moderationofgrowthmomentum
增收节支措施
revenue-enha