高考英语任务型阅读练习十二篇.docx

高考英语任务型阅读练习十二篇.docx

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高考英语任务型阅读练习十二篇

（一）

Atthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,manypeoplethoughtthattheAmericanfamilywasfallingapart.Acenturylater,weknowthatthiswasnotthecase.However,althoughthefamilyisstillaliveintheUnitedStates,itssizeandshapewereverydifferent100yearsago.

Inthelate1800sandearly1900s,thereweremainlytwotypesoffamiliesintheUnitedStates:

theextendedandthenuclear.Theextendedfamilyusuallyincludesgrandparents,parents,andchildrenlivingunderthesameroof.Thenuclearfamilyconsistsofonlyparentsandchildren.

Todaytherearemanydifferentkindsoffamilies.Somepeoplelivein“traditional”families,thatis,astay-homemother,aworkingfather,andtheirownbiologicalchildren.Othersliveintwo-paycheckfamilies,single-parentfamilies,adoptiveorfoster,families,blendedfamilies（wheremenandwomenwhoweremarriedbeforemarryagainandcombinethechildrenfrompreviousmarriagesintothenewfamilies），childlessfamilies,andsoon.

Whatcausedthestructureofthefamilytochange?

Intheearly1900sthebirthratebeganto

fallandthedivorceratebegantorise.Womenweresuddenlychoosingtogotocollegeandtakejobsoutsidethehome.Inthe1930sand1940s,manyfamiliesfacedseriousfinancial,ormoneyproblemsduringtheGreatDepression,whenmanypeoplelosttheirjobs.DuringWorldWarII

（1939-1945），5millionwomenwereleftalonetotakecareoftheirhomesandtheirchildren.

Becausemanymenwereatwar,thousandsofthese"warwidows"hadtogotoworkoutsidetheirhome.

Duringthenexttenyears,thesituationchanged.Therewerefewerdivorces,andpeoplemarriedatayoungerageandhadmorechildrenthanthepreviousgeneration.Itwasunusualforamothertoworkoutsidethehomeduringtheyearswhenherchildrenweregrowingtip.Familiesbeganleavingcitiesandmovingintosingle-familyhomesinthesuburbs.Thetraditionalfamilyseemedtobereturning.

Intheyearsbetween1960sand1990s,thereweremanyimportantchangesinthestructureofthefamily.Fromthe1960stotheearly1970s,thedivorceratedoubledandthebirthratefellbyhalf.Thenumberofsingle-parentfamiliestripled,andthenumberofcoupleslivingtogetherwithoutbeingmarrieddoubledagain.Infact,thesingle-parenthousehold,onceunusual,hasreplacedthe"traditional"familyasthetypicalfamilyintheStates.Ifwecanjudgefromhistory,however,thiswillprobablychangeagaininthetwenty-firstcentury.

TheChangesoftheAmericanFamily

Maincomparisons Contexts

Thereweretwo2 typesoffamiliesinthepast, 3 ,theextendedandthe

本卷第15页（共18页）

Different 1

Changesin

In the 1900s and

different

1940s

5 .

nuclear.

Nowadays4typesoffamiliescanbeseenthanbefore.

Manyofthewomenhadtoworkoutsideduetothe6ofmoney.,thuscausingthefallof7andtheriseofdivorcerate.

Inthe1950s

Divorcerateslidedandthereweremorechildren.Thefamiliestendedtobe

8 again.

In the years Different types of familes9 .

between1960sandTraditionalfamiliesarenolongerthe

1990s typicalonesinAmerica.

Atrendworthnoting

Author‟sopinion Thepresentstructureis 10 ;itwillexperiencechangesagainonchanges inthenearfuture.

1. kinds/types

2.main 3.namely 4.more

5.periods

6.lack

7.birthrate

8.fewer 9.occurred

10.temporary

（二）

Thefamilysphere（范围）usedtobedefinedbyitsisolationfromthepublicrealm.Therewasthepublicmalerealm（领域）of"rationalaccomplishment"andcruelcompetition,andtheprivatefemaleandchild-rearingsphereofhome,intuition（直觉）andemotion.Theprivaterealmwassupposedtobeisolatedfromtherealitiesofadultlife.Forbothbetterandworse,televisionand

otherelectronicmediatendtobreakdownthedifferencebetweenthosetwoworlds.Themembranearoundthefamilysphereismuchmorepermeable（可渗透的）.TVtakespubliceventsandtransformsthemintodramasthatareplayedoutintheprivacyofourlivingrooms,kitchensandbedrooms.

Parentsusedtobethechannelthroughwhichchildrenlearnedabouttheoutsideworld.Theycoulddecidewhattotelltheirchildrenandwhentotellittothem.Sincechildrenlearntoreadinstages,booksprovideakindofnaturalscreeningprocess,whereadultscandecidewhattotellandnottellchildrenofdifferentreadingabilities.Televisiondestroyedthesystemthatseparatedadultfromchildknowledgeandseparatedinformationintoyear-by-yearslicesforchildrenofdifferentages.Instead,itpresentsthesameinformationdirectlytochildrenofallages,withoutgoingthroughadultfilters.

Sotelevisionpresentsarealchallengetoadults.Whileaparentcanreadanewspaperwithoutsharingitwithchildreninthesameroom,televisionisaccessibletoeveryoneinthatspa