高三英语冠词数词介词外研社知识精讲.docx
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高三英语冠词数词介词外研社知识精讲
高三英语冠词数词介词外研社
【本讲教育信息】
一.教学内容:
冠词数词介词
二.基础知识
冠词
[具体过程]
冠词
一、概念
冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。
冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类。
二、相关知识点精讲
1.a用于辅音发音开头的词前,如:
abook;an用于元音发音开头的词前
如:
anapple,anhour.
请区别:
ausefulmachine,anumbrella,a“u”,an“h”。
2.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the。
3.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.
如:
thesun,themoon,theearth。
4.the用于序数词,表方位的名词和形容词最高级前。
thefirst,thebest,inthesouth。
5.在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数。
如:
theBrowns。
6.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:
inthebox,behindthechair。
7.不能用定冠词the的几个方面:
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。
如:
insummer,inAugust
请区别:
inthespringof1945.(这里表示特指,故加the)
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词。
如:
havebreakfast,playfootball
(3)一些固定词组中,如:
gotobed,gotoschool,bybus,atnight.
8.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:
infrontof在……前面,
inthefrontof在……范围内的前部
inhospital(生病)住院,
inthehospital在医院里。
三、巩固练习
1.WhenLindawasachild,hermotheralwaysletherhave_____bed.
AthebreakfastinB.thebreakfastinthe
CbreakfastinD.breakfastinthe
2.Hehaspromisedtogiveup______hundredsoftimes.
A.tobaccoesB.tobaccoC.thetobaccoD.tobaccos
3.______usuallygotochurcheverySunday.
A.TheBrownB.ABrownC.BrownsD.TheBrowns
4.Thetrainisrunningfiftymiles______.
A.anhourB.onehourC.thehourD.ahour
5.Hecanplayalmosteverykindofmusicinstrumentbutheisgood____.
A.atthefluteB.atfluteC.atafluteD.atthatflute
6.Theinvestigatorsfoundthatmoreshouldbedonefor_____inIndia.
A.thosepoorB.apoorC.poorD.thepoor
7.Youlookinhighspirit.Youmusthave______duringyourholiday.
A.wonderfultimeB.awonderfultime
C.thewonderfultimeD.somewonderfultime
8.Thecityassignedapolicemantotheschoolcrossingbecause______traffictherewassoheavy.
A.aB.anC.theD.one
9.Anewteacherwassenttothevillageinplaceof______onewhohadretired.
A.aB.theC.anD.its
10.Virtueandvicearebeforeyou;______leadsyoutohappiness,______tomisery.
A.theformer…latterB.aformer…alatter
C.theformer…thelatterD.former…latter
参考答案:
CBDAADBCBC
数词
一、概念:
数词分两类:
基数词和序数词。
表示数目的词叫基数词,表示顺序的词叫序数词.
二、相关知识点精讲
1.基数词
1)基数词一般可写成如345或threehundredandforty-five.
2)基数词一般是单数形式,但遇下列情况,常用复数:
a.与of短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scoresofpeople指许多人;
b.在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里.例如:
Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他们三三两两的到了.
c.表示“几十岁”.
d.表示“年代”,用in+the+数词复数.
e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如Threefivesis(are)fifteen.
2.序数词
序数词的缩写形式如first---1stsecond---2ndthirty-first---31st等.
3.数词的用法
1)倍数表示法
a.主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+as+adj.+as.例如
Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。
b.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+thesize(amount,length…)of…例如:
Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。
c.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than….例如:
Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
d.还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍.例如:
Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
2)分数表示法的构成:
基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母.分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数.例如:
1/3one-third;3/37threeandthree-sevenths.
三、巩固练习
1.______martyrshaveheroicallylaiddowntheirlivesforthepeople.
A.ThousanduponthousandofB.Thousandandthousandsof
C.ThousandsuponthousandsofD.Thousandandthousandof
2.Theyreceived______oflettersabouttheirTVprograms.
A.dozenB.dozenanddozenC.scoreD.dozens
3.Whoisthatman,______inthefrontrow
A.oneB.theoneC.firstD.thefirst
4.Wehaveproduced______thisyearaswedidin1993.
A.asmuchcottontwiceB.astwicemuchcotton
C.muchastwicecottonD.twiceasmuchcotton
5.Theearthisabout______asthemoon.
A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbig
C.asbigfiftytimeD.fiftyastimesbig
6.ThepopulationofmanyAlaskancitieshas______inthepastthreeyears.
A.morethandoubledB.moredoubledthan
C.muchthandoubledD.muchdoubledthan
7.Themoonisabout_____indiameterasdiameterastheearth.
A.one-threeaslargeB.onethreeaslarge
C.one-thirdaslargeD.onethirdaslarge
8.Fivehundredyuanamonth_____enoughtoliveon.
A.isB.areC.isbeingD.hasbeen
9.______ofthebuildingswereruined.
A.ThreefourthB.ThreefourC.Three-fourthsD.Three-four
10.Consult_____forquestionsaboutearthquakes.
A.thesixindexB.indexsixC.sixthindexD.indexnumberingsix
参考答案:
CDDDBACACB
介词
一、概念:
介词表示它后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系.
二、相关知识点精讲
1.表示地点位置的介词
1)at,in,on,to
at
(1)表示在小地方;
(2)表示“在……附近,旁边”
in
(1)表示在大地方;
(2)表示“在……范围之内”。
on表示毗邻,接壤
to表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤
Hearrivedatthestationatten.
Heissittingatthedesk.
HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.
JiangsuliesintheeastofChina.
RussialiesonthenorthofChina.
FujianistothesouthofJiangsuProvince.
2)above,over,on在……上
above指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对;
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。
on表示在某物体上面并与之接触。
Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.
Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
Heputhiswatchonthedesk.
3)below,under在……下面
under表示在……正下方
below表示在……下,不一定在正下方
Thereisacatunderthetable.
Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.
2.表示时间的介词
1)in,on,at在……时
in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。
如inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inthenight,inone’slife,inone’sthirties等。
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。
如at3:
20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof,attheageof,atChristmas,atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。
注意:
在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词。
如:
Wemeeteveryday.
2)in,after在……之后
“in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;
“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;
“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
Mymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.
Hearrivedafterfivemonths.
Shewillappearafterfiveo’clockthisafternoon.
3)from,since自从……
from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;
since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。
Hestudiedthepianofromtheageofthree.
Theyhavelivedheresince1978.
4)after,behind在……之后
after主要用于表示时间;
behind主要用于表示位置。
Weshallleaveafterlunch.
Lucyishidingbehindanoldhouse.
3.表运动方向的介词:
across,through通过,穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关;
through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关。
Sheswamacrosstheriver.
Hewalkedthroughtheforest.
4.表示“在……之间”的介词:
between,among
between指在两个人或两个事物之间;
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
ThereisafootballmatchbetweenClassOneandClassTwoonthepl-ayground.
Theteacherisstandingamongthestudents.
5.表示其他意义的介词
1)on,about关于
on表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;
about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。
Therewillbealectureoneconomicsthisafternoon.
Heiswritingabookoncooking.
Hetoldmealotabouthislifeinthesummervocation.
2)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具
by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;
with表示用……工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;
in表示用……方式,用……语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;
Hemakesalivingbysellingnewspapers.
Hebrokethewindowwithastone.
TheforeignerspoketousinEnglish.
3)except,besides除了
except除……之外,不包括在内;
besides除……之外,包括在内。
ExceptMr.Wang,wewenttoseethefilm.(王先生没去)
BesidesMr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.(王先生也去了)
三、巩固练习
1.Taiwanis________thesoutheastofChina.(in,on,to)
2.Go_________thebridge_________theriver,you’llfindtheshop.(across,through;over,above)
3.Igotoschool__________7:
30everymorning.(in,on,at)
4.Hewouldliketomeether__________8:
00and9:
00tomorrowmorning.(between,among)
5.TheGreenshavelivedinChina________threeyears.(in,for,after)
6.Wegotoschooleveryday________SaturdayandSunday.(except,besides)
7.Hewrotetheletter_________ink.(by,with,in)
8.Shereturnedtohercountry_________fiveyears.(in,after,for)
9.Thereisabigtree_________ourclassroom.(after,behind)
10.Iusuallygotowork_________bike.(by,on,with)
参考答案:
1.in2.across,over3.at,4.between5.for
6.except7.in8.after9.behind10.by
【模拟试题】
单项填空
1.—Wearetoobusytotake________holidayat________present.
—ButIthinkwe’llbeabletotake________twoweeksfromnow.
A.a;/;oneB.the;/;that
C.a;the;itDa;/;it
2.Theoldmancame________totherailwaystation,only________thetrainwasslowlypullingoutofthestation.
A.andran;foundB.running;finding
C.running;tofindD.torun;finding
3.Thetablesandpictureshelpmake________clear________Iwasn’tsureofbefore.
A.it;formetounderstandwhatB.it;everything
C.everything;tounderstandwhatD./;what
4.Iknownothingaboutthematch________Ireadinthenewspaper.
A.besidesB.expectC.exceptthatD.exceptwhat
5.—WouldyoulikemetogetyouanEnglishdictionarywhileI’mthere?
—________.Thankyou,anyway.
A.ButIhavealreadygotoneB.Whatanicedictionary
C.ButIhavealreadygotitD.Yes,please
6.Ithinkthisshirtfitsyou.Youcantryitonifyou________.
A.arelikeB.liketoC.likeD.haveliked
7.—DoyoustillrememberwhenwewenttoNanjing?
—Ican’tremembernowbut________sometimelastsummer?
A.mightitbeB.coulditbe
C.couldithavebeenD.shouldithavebeen
8.IfBush________hissistertoattendtheparty,shewillcertainlybeglad.Shehasn’tmetBushforyears.
A.allowsB.promisesC.demandsD.suggests
9.—I’mnottheman________thephone.SheaskedforHenry.
—I’msorryIwasmistaken.
A.calledonB.callingoverC.wantedonD.rungupon
10.Thestepyouhavetakenis________muchrisk(冒险).
A.oneofB.theoneofC.theoneD.thatone
11.We’vealwaysknownhim________awarmbutcalmcharacter.
A.forB.againstC.onD.as
12.Nowthathehasmissedhis________,he’llhavetowaitforthenextround.