专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词章振邦语法书页数标注.docx

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专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词章振邦语法书页数标注.docx

专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词章振邦语法书页数标注

Subjunctivemood

(P122,p.129.P143动词过去完成体P181-190,395)条件句

14.“IwonderedifIcouldhaveawordwithyou.”Thepasttenseinthesentencereferstoa__B___.(p128)2017

A.pasteventforexacttimereference

B.presenteventfortentativeness

C.presenteventforuncertainty

D.pasteventforpoliteness

V.inspecificcontexts,thesimplepastcanalsodenotethepresentorthefuturetime.Therearetwouses.Oneisknownastheattitudinalpast(属于“表态性过去时”(attitudinalpast),即表示说话人当前的试探性态度,而非过去时间,多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词),thatis,thepasttenseisassociatedwiththepresenttimeinindependentclausesexpressingaquestion,requestorsuggestion.Itseffectistomakethequestion/request/suggestionlessdirect,implyingapolite,somewhattentativeattitude试探性态度,婉转语气onthepartofthespeaker.

A:

Didyouwantme

Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.

Want,wonder,think,hope

Theotheriswhatwecallthehypotheticalpast.Thesimplepastrefersnottoafactbuttoanon-fact,andistypicallyfoundinthat-clausesfollowingsuchconstructionsas

It’stime….

Iwish

I’drather

Suppose

Asif

15.“IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’twaittoproposetoher.”Thesubjunctivemoodinthesentenceisusedto

A.alleviatehostilityB.expressunfavorablefeelings

C.indicateuncertaintyD.makeasuggestion

Were-subjunctivehasonlyonformwere,whichappliestosubjectsofallpersons,ishypotheticalorunrealinmeaning

If,ifonly,asif,asthough,though,

Wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine,

Asitwere(sotospeak)宛如,好比

onlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.P1862007

received

receivereceiving

正确答案为A).Ifonly引导的虚拟语气,解释为”要是…该多好啊!

”.与现在的事实相反的则ifonly后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接过去完成时haddone.这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方式(其实那个时候并没有接受),与过去事实相反用过去完成时.句意:

如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法,他现在可能还活着呢.

51.IfonlyI______playtheguitaraswellasyou!

2006P186P192

52.AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight

52.正确答案为B).could表示能够,是一种一般能力.表示具体能力用beableto.p.192Ifonly引导的虚拟语气,表示”要是….该多好啊!

”.句意:

要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!

3.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he____abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2005年51题)2015

A.wouldbeB.willhavebeen

C.wasD.were

15.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he_______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)(395/381)2005

A.willbe

B.was

C.wouldbe

D.were

[译文]如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明,他会比我更能给你提出好的建议。

[考点]虚拟语气。

本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained,但这是复合时态形式,主句说明其内容与现在/将来的情况相反,所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。

B,C不用于虚拟语气;D.were只用于表虚拟的条件句中。

9.___ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand(2004年44题)

A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.Wereyousurprised

C.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised

44.答案:

A参考译文:

如果昨天没有提前通知你,我就来了,你会觉得奇怪吗

试题分析:

本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。

详细解答:

这是一个错综时间条件句。

条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,发生的时间是不一致的,动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。

10.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere___quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.(2000年49题)

A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeen

C.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’tbe

[解析]考点:

虚拟语气。

由于主句中使用了wouldhavedone,即表示与过去事实相反,那么从句中相应地使用haddone。

[译文]若不是那儿人太多,我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。

11.Ifyourcar___anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.(1998年43题)

A.shallneedB.shouldneed

C.wouldneedD.willneed

情态动词。

should可以表示语气较强的假设,出现在if从句中或用于省略了if的条件句句首位置上。

例如:

  

a.Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,pleaseletusknow.  

b.Shouldyoubeinterested,Ihaveabookonthesubjectyoumightliketosee.

should的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中,表示“万一”、“假若”。

shall有类似用法,用于if、when等引导的从句中,表示将来的可能性,不过语气太强。

例如:

c.Ifyoushalleverchangeyouropinion,cometomeagain.

should如果用在以if和incase引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能发生。

有时在这种句子中主语和should可以倒装,把should放在句首。

[译文]如果你购买的车子在最初12个月内出现问题,请与授权经销商交涉。

12.____,Iwillmarryhimallthesame.(2004年42题)票

A.WasherichorpoorB.Whetherrichorpoor

C.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor

whethersheberightorwrong,shewillhavemyunswerbingsupport.表让步

里,be用于虚拟语气句,引导一个(选择性)让步状语从句,相当于whetherheberichorpoor。

由于whether省略,这时be需要提前。

B其实也讲得通,只是意思上不同,前者表示:

不管我是富还是穷,我都要嫁给他。

又如:

Whetherrichorpoor,oldoryoung,allhavetodie.(《新时代英汉大典》)[译文]不管他是富还是穷,我都要嫁给他。

Whetherit(he)be...or...结构,意为“不管(不论)是……还是……”,表示让步,为虚拟语气的一种表达方式。

其省略式为“beit…or…;behe…or…”等,句子必须倒装。

如:

IcantranslateallthesebooksintoChinese,betheyinEnglish,FrenchorLatin.[例句]Therebeingnodanger,thepolicewentbacktotheiroffice.险情解除,警察回警局了。

3.虚拟语气用在由“whether”引导的让步状语从句中,从句谓语用原形动词。

例如:

Allenginesworkonthisprinciple,whethertheybelargeorsmall.

所有发动机都按这一原理工作,无论它们是大还是小。

Wemustfinishtheworkbeforewegohome,whetheritbeearlyorlate.

无论时间早晚,我们必须在回家前干完工作。

Allmatter,whetheritbegas,liquidorsolid,ismadeupofatoms.

所有物质,不论是气体,液体,或固体,都是由原子构成。

在此句型中,可省去whether,而将be放在主语前。

例如:

Beitso,wemustcontinuetodothetest.

Wemustdoourbesttofulfilthetask,beiteversohard.

Example:

______I'llmarryhimallthesame.

a.Wereherichorpoorb.Beherichorpoor

c.Whetherrichorpoord.Beingrichorpoor

考点4:

itis(high/about)timethat的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。

注意:

在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat….句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。

Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.例如:

p186

3.It’shightimewe____cuttingdowntherainforests.(2006年54题)

A.stoppedB.hadtostop

C.shallstopD.stop

2.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe________us.Ithinkit’shightimewe________strongactionsagainsthim.2005.

A.betrayed…takeB.hadbetrayed…tookC.hasbetrayed…tookD.hasbetrayed…take

3.“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester”

“Idon’tknow.Butit’sabouttime______onsomething.”200252题

A.I’ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I’mdeciding

5.IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforlong,it’sabouttimeyou___abletowritelettersinEnglish.(1999年49题)

A.shouldbeB.wereC.mustbeD.are

51.Itisessentialthathe________allthefactsfirst.(2014)

A.isexaminingB.willexamineC.examinesD.examineP181

isabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam________hisstudyinspiteofsomelearning

continue

Advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper

60.Itisnecessarythathe____theassignmentwithout

A.handinB.handsin

C.musthandinD.hastohandin

Itisimperative/necessary/important等结构后的主语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,should加动词原形,should可省。

6.Itisimperativethatthegovernment___moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.(2006年59题)

A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hastoattract

7.Itisimperativethatstudents___theirtermpapersontime.(2004年46题)

A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin

16.“It’sashamethatthecityofficialshouldhavegonebackonhisword.”ThemodalauxiliarySHOULDexpress__B_____.(2017)P201

AobligationBdisappointmentCfutureinthepastD.tentativeness

Inspecificcontexts,shouldcandenoteemotionalfeelingsofsorrow,joy,displeasure,surprise,wonder

It’sapitythatheshouldleavesosoon.

It’sunbelievablethatheshouldbeworkingsohard.

HowshouldIknow

Shouldisfoundinexpressionslike“Ishouldsay”“Ishouldthink.”Thehypotheticalformhereissimplytoindicatethespeaker’sreluctancetocommithimselfonmattersofpersonalfeelingorjudgment.

Ishouldsayheisjusttherightmanforthejob.

Withoutanydefinitemodalmeaning

Iinsistedthathego/shouldgowithme.

Itisimperativethat

Theorderthat

Forfearthat/sothat/lest

Wouldcanbeusedtomakeatactfulstatement,apoliterequest,andatentativesuggestion.

Itwouldbeashametostopourworkhalfway.

19.Atthatmoment,withthecrowdwatchingme,Iwasnotafraidintheordinarysense,as______ifI____A_______alone.2017

A.wouldhavebeen…hadbeenB.shouldbe…hadbeen

C.couldbe…wereD.mighthavebeen…were

19______youradvice,Iwouldhavemadethewrong

A.Hadn’titbeenfor

B.Haditnotbeenfor

C.Haditbeenfor

D.Hadnotitbeenfor

2.52.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she________muchbetterresultsp

A.wouldbegetting

B.couldhavegot

C.mustget

D.wouldget

20.ThesentenceIwishIhadbeenmorecarefulinspendingmymoneyexpressesthespeaker’s

a)hope

b)joy

c)regret

d)relief184

2016

15.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he_______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)(395/381)2005

A.willbe

B.was

C.wouldbe

D.were

条件句的虚拟

Ifyouaskedmetomorrow,Iwould(should,但以would较为普通)beabletogiveyoutheanswer.

54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood______.(2013)(p.181)

A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o’clock181

B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.

C.Walkstraightahead,anddon'tturntillthesecondtrafficlights.

D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.

Decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote.

54.Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments____tohimbeforelunch.2013p181

A.besentB.weresent

C.weretobesentD.mustbesent

63.Ifit______tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013P184)

A.weretorain

B.wastorain

C.wasraining

D.hadrained

52.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasiertolearn.

A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbe

C.willbeD.wouldhavebeen

61.It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryounow.(2011.P186)

A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave

考查虚拟语气。

wouldrather后面接从句时,表示主语宁愿某人做某事,从句要用虚拟语气,动词用一般过去式,表示希望。

注意区分wouldrather其他两个惯用句式:

wouldratherdosth.“宁愿做某事”:

wouldratherdo…thando…“宁愿做……而不愿做……

57.Weconsider______heshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand.(2009)

A.strangewh

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