专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词章振邦语法书页数标注.docx
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专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词章振邦语法书页数标注
Subjunctivemood
(P122,p.129.P143动词过去完成体P181-190,395)条件句
14.“IwonderedifIcouldhaveawordwithyou.”Thepasttenseinthesentencereferstoa__B___.(p128)2017
A.pasteventforexacttimereference
B.presenteventfortentativeness
C.presenteventforuncertainty
D.pasteventforpoliteness
V.inspecificcontexts,thesimplepastcanalsodenotethepresentorthefuturetime.Therearetwouses.Oneisknownastheattitudinalpast(属于“表态性过去时”(attitudinalpast),即表示说话人当前的试探性态度,而非过去时间,多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词),thatis,thepasttenseisassociatedwiththepresenttimeinindependentclausesexpressingaquestion,requestorsuggestion.Itseffectistomakethequestion/request/suggestionlessdirect,implyingapolite,somewhattentativeattitude试探性态度,婉转语气onthepartofthespeaker.
A:
Didyouwantme
Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.
Want,wonder,think,hope
Theotheriswhatwecallthehypotheticalpast.Thesimplepastrefersnottoafactbuttoanon-fact,andistypicallyfoundinthat-clausesfollowingsuchconstructionsas
It’stime….
Iwish
I’drather
Suppose
Asif
15.“IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’twaittoproposetoher.”Thesubjunctivemoodinthesentenceisusedto
A.alleviatehostilityB.expressunfavorablefeelings
C.indicateuncertaintyD.makeasuggestion
Were-subjunctivehasonlyonformwere,whichappliestosubjectsofallpersons,ishypotheticalorunrealinmeaning
If,ifonly,asif,asthough,though,
Wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine,
Asitwere(sotospeak)宛如,好比
onlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.P1862007
received
receivereceiving
正确答案为A).Ifonly引导的虚拟语气,解释为”要是…该多好啊!
”.与现在的事实相反的则ifonly后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接过去完成时haddone.这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方式(其实那个时候并没有接受),与过去事实相反用过去完成时.句意:
如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法,他现在可能还活着呢.
51.IfonlyI______playtheguitaraswellasyou!
2006P186P192
52.AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight
52.正确答案为B).could表示能够,是一种一般能力.表示具体能力用beableto.p.192Ifonly引导的虚拟语气,表示”要是….该多好啊!
”.句意:
要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!
3.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he____abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2005年51题)2015
A.wouldbeB.willhavebeen
C.wasD.were
15.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he_______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)(395/381)2005
A.willbe
B.was
C.wouldbe
D.were
[译文]如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明,他会比我更能给你提出好的建议。
[考点]虚拟语气。
本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained,但这是复合时态形式,主句说明其内容与现在/将来的情况相反,所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。
B,C不用于虚拟语气;D.were只用于表虚拟的条件句中。
9.___ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand(2004年44题)
A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.Wereyousurprised
C.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised
44.答案:
A参考译文:
如果昨天没有提前通知你,我就来了,你会觉得奇怪吗
试题分析:
本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。
详细解答:
这是一个错综时间条件句。
条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,发生的时间是不一致的,动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。
10.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere___quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.(2000年49题)
A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeen
C.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’tbe
[解析]考点:
虚拟语气。
由于主句中使用了wouldhavedone,即表示与过去事实相反,那么从句中相应地使用haddone。
[译文]若不是那儿人太多,我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。
11.Ifyourcar___anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.(1998年43题)
A.shallneedB.shouldneed
C.wouldneedD.willneed
情态动词。
should可以表示语气较强的假设,出现在if从句中或用于省略了if的条件句句首位置上。
例如:
a.Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,pleaseletusknow.
b.Shouldyoubeinterested,Ihaveabookonthesubjectyoumightliketosee.
should的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中,表示“万一”、“假若”。
shall有类似用法,用于if、when等引导的从句中,表示将来的可能性,不过语气太强。
例如:
c.Ifyoushalleverchangeyouropinion,cometomeagain.
should如果用在以if和incase引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能发生。
有时在这种句子中主语和should可以倒装,把should放在句首。
[译文]如果你购买的车子在最初12个月内出现问题,请与授权经销商交涉。
12.____,Iwillmarryhimallthesame.(2004年42题)票
A.WasherichorpoorB.Whetherrichorpoor
C.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor
whethersheberightorwrong,shewillhavemyunswerbingsupport.表让步
里,be用于虚拟语气句,引导一个(选择性)让步状语从句,相当于whetherheberichorpoor。
由于whether省略,这时be需要提前。
B其实也讲得通,只是意思上不同,前者表示:
不管我是富还是穷,我都要嫁给他。
又如:
Whetherrichorpoor,oldoryoung,allhavetodie.(《新时代英汉大典》)[译文]不管他是富还是穷,我都要嫁给他。
Whetherit(he)be...or...结构,意为“不管(不论)是……还是……”,表示让步,为虚拟语气的一种表达方式。
其省略式为“beit…or…;behe…or…”等,句子必须倒装。
如:
IcantranslateallthesebooksintoChinese,betheyinEnglish,FrenchorLatin.[例句]Therebeingnodanger,thepolicewentbacktotheiroffice.险情解除,警察回警局了。
3.虚拟语气用在由“whether”引导的让步状语从句中,从句谓语用原形动词。
例如:
Allenginesworkonthisprinciple,whethertheybelargeorsmall.
所有发动机都按这一原理工作,无论它们是大还是小。
Wemustfinishtheworkbeforewegohome,whetheritbeearlyorlate.
无论时间早晚,我们必须在回家前干完工作。
Allmatter,whetheritbegas,liquidorsolid,ismadeupofatoms.
所有物质,不论是气体,液体,或固体,都是由原子构成。
在此句型中,可省去whether,而将be放在主语前。
例如:
Beitso,wemustcontinuetodothetest.
Wemustdoourbesttofulfilthetask,beiteversohard.
Example:
______I'llmarryhimallthesame.
a.Wereherichorpoorb.Beherichorpoor
c.Whetherrichorpoord.Beingrichorpoor
考点4:
itis(high/about)timethat的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。
注意:
在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat….句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.例如:
p186
3.It’shightimewe____cuttingdowntherainforests.(2006年54题)
A.stoppedB.hadtostop
C.shallstopD.stop
2.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe________us.Ithinkit’shightimewe________strongactionsagainsthim.2005.
A.betrayed…takeB.hadbetrayed…tookC.hasbetrayed…tookD.hasbetrayed…take
3.“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester”
“Idon’tknow.Butit’sabouttime______onsomething.”200252题
A.I’ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I’mdeciding
5.IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforlong,it’sabouttimeyou___abletowritelettersinEnglish.(1999年49题)
A.shouldbeB.wereC.mustbeD.are
51.Itisessentialthathe________allthefactsfirst.(2014)
A.isexaminingB.willexamineC.examinesD.examineP181
isabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam________hisstudyinspiteofsomelearning
continue
Advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper
60.Itisnecessarythathe____theassignmentwithout
A.handinB.handsin
C.musthandinD.hastohandin
Itisimperative/necessary/important等结构后的主语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,should加动词原形,should可省。
6.Itisimperativethatthegovernment___moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.(2006年59题)
A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hastoattract
7.Itisimperativethatstudents___theirtermpapersontime.(2004年46题)
A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin
16.“It’sashamethatthecityofficialshouldhavegonebackonhisword.”ThemodalauxiliarySHOULDexpress__B_____.(2017)P201
AobligationBdisappointmentCfutureinthepastD.tentativeness
Inspecificcontexts,shouldcandenoteemotionalfeelingsofsorrow,joy,displeasure,surprise,wonder
It’sapitythatheshouldleavesosoon.
It’sunbelievablethatheshouldbeworkingsohard.
HowshouldIknow
Shouldisfoundinexpressionslike“Ishouldsay”“Ishouldthink.”Thehypotheticalformhereissimplytoindicatethespeaker’sreluctancetocommithimselfonmattersofpersonalfeelingorjudgment.
Ishouldsayheisjusttherightmanforthejob.
Withoutanydefinitemodalmeaning
Iinsistedthathego/shouldgowithme.
Itisimperativethat
Theorderthat
Forfearthat/sothat/lest
Wouldcanbeusedtomakeatactfulstatement,apoliterequest,andatentativesuggestion.
Itwouldbeashametostopourworkhalfway.
19.Atthatmoment,withthecrowdwatchingme,Iwasnotafraidintheordinarysense,as______ifI____A_______alone.2017
A.wouldhavebeen…hadbeenB.shouldbe…hadbeen
C.couldbe…wereD.mighthavebeen…were
19______youradvice,Iwouldhavemadethewrong
A.Hadn’titbeenfor
B.Haditnotbeenfor
C.Haditbeenfor
D.Hadnotitbeenfor
2.52.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she________muchbetterresultsp
A.wouldbegetting
B.couldhavegot
C.mustget
D.wouldget
20.ThesentenceIwishIhadbeenmorecarefulinspendingmymoneyexpressesthespeaker’s
a)hope
b)joy
c)regret
d)relief184
2016
15.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he_______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)(395/381)2005
A.willbe
B.was
C.wouldbe
D.were
条件句的虚拟
Ifyouaskedmetomorrow,Iwould(should,但以would较为普通)beabletogiveyoutheanswer.
54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood______.(2013)(p.181)
A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o’clock181
B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.
C.Walkstraightahead,anddon'tturntillthesecondtrafficlights.
D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.
Decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote.
54.Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments____tohimbeforelunch.2013p181
A.besentB.weresent
C.weretobesentD.mustbesent
63.Ifit______tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013P184)
A.weretorain
B.wastorain
C.wasraining
D.hadrained
52.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasiertolearn.
A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbe
C.willbeD.wouldhavebeen
61.It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryounow.(2011.P186)
A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave
考查虚拟语气。
wouldrather后面接从句时,表示主语宁愿某人做某事,从句要用虚拟语气,动词用一般过去式,表示希望。
注意区分wouldrather其他两个惯用句式:
wouldratherdosth.“宁愿做某事”:
wouldratherdo…thando…“宁愿做……而不愿做……
57.Weconsider______heshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand.(2009)
A.strangewh