解读《远大前程》中皮普的性格.docx

解读《远大前程》中皮普的性格.docx

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解读《远大前程》中皮普的性格

Introduction

CharlesDickens,pen-name“Boz”,isacclaimedasoneofhistory’sgreatestnovelistsandthemostpopularEnglishnovelistoftheVictorianera.Hehascreatedsomeofliterature’smosticoniccharacters,withthethemeofsocialreformrunningthroughouthiswork.CharlesDickensismuchlovedforhisgreatcontributiontoclassicalEnglishliterature.HeisthequintessentialVictorianauthor:

hisepicstories,vividcharactersandexhaustivedepictionofcontemporarylifeareunforgettable.Andthat’sthereasonwhyhisnovelsandshortstoriesenjoysuchacontinuingpopularitythattheyhavenevergoneoutofprint.

ConsideredasthegreatestcriticalrealismwriterinBritishinthe19thcentury,CharlesDickenshasleftusagreatwork,oneofhislaterperiodrepresentativeworks,GreatExpectations.SetinVictorianEngland,atimewhengreatsocialchangesweresweepingthenation,thisisanovelofeducationanddescribesthegrowthandpersonaldevelopmentofPip,theprotagonist.Atthattime,becausesocialclasswasrigidandpreexistinginLondon,whereateemingmassofhumanity,litbygaslampsatnightanddarkenedbyblackcloudsfromsmokestacksduringtheday,formedasharpcontrastwiththenation’ssparsely-populatedruralareas.Moreandmorepeoplemovedfromthecountrytothecityinsearchofgreatereconomicopportunity.However,feudalideasdiedhardinEnglandatthistime;themannersoftheupperclasswereverystrictandconservative:

gentlemenandladieswereexpectedtohavethoroughclassicaleducationsandtobehaveappropriatelyininnumerablesocialsituations.

InGreatExpectations,CharlesDickensintroducesthereadertomanyintriguingandmemorablecharacters,includingtheeccentricrecluse,MissHavisham,theshrewdandcarefullawyer,Mr.Jaggers,andthebenevolentconvict,AbelMagwitch.However,withoutadoubt,GreatExpectationsisthestoryofPipandhisinitialdreamsandresultingdisappointmentsthateventuallyleadtohimbecomingagenuinelygoodman.ThesignificantchangesthatPip’scharactergoesthroughareveryimportanttooneofthenovel’smanythemes.

ThroughoutthenovelGreatExpectations,Pipgraduallychangesfromakindandhumblecharactertoacharacterthatisbitter,thensnobbishandfinallyevolvesintothekindandlovingcharacterwhichhewasatthebeginningofthestory.ItshowsDickens’ssharpcriticismtotheupper-classsocietyofEngland.GreatExpectationsalsoreflectshisdepictionofthedepthandbreadthofcharacters.ItcanconcludethatDickensisagreatmasterinportrayinggreatliteraryimages.BydescribingtheimageofPip,DickenshasshowedusthecontradictionsandtheconflictsofthecapitalistsocietyinVictorianera.Hehasexposedthecorruptionofmoneyintheupper-classsociety.

I.ABriefintroductionofCharlesDickensandGreatExpectations

CharlesDickensisthegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealismin19thcenturyinEngland.ThemainstylisticfeatureofDickensishisuseofcriticalrealism.Dickens’snovelsaresetinrealisticenvironmentssuchasinthefactoryorinthestreet.Hischaractersrepresentallaspectsofsocietyfrombeggars,criminalsandorphanstofactoryowners.ThiscriticallyrealisticdescriptionofVictorianworkingclasslifeisperhapstheveryessencewhichmakesDickensoneofthegreatestauthorsofalltime.Hisworksrevealvariousmalpracticesofthecapitalistsocietyandreflectthemiseryofthelower-classpeople.Oneofhisexcellentworks,GreatExpectations,ishispost-stagecriticalrealisticworks,whichisanoveldescribingthegrowthandpersonaldevelopmentofPip.ThroughtheanalysisofPip’scharacterandtheturningofhisfate,Dickensgivesthereaderamorallessonandinformspeopleoftheimportanceofhavingaproperoutlookonlife.Inordertounderstandthenovelwell,here,wewilllookintotheback-groundinformationaboutCharlesDickensandthegreatnovel.

1.1CharlesDickens

CharlesDickens（1812-1870）,thegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealism,wasbornin1812atPortsmouth,and.diedin1870.Hewasbornofhumbleoriginandlivedahardlifeduringchildhoodandsufferedalot.Asalittleboy,heonceworkedinablackingfactory12hoursadayfor6shillingsaweek,aplacewhereshoepolishwasmade.ForDickens,thatexperience—thoselonelyandhungrydays—representedthefirststeptowardhisfullintegrationintothemiseryandtediumofworking-classlife,andthisalsoindicateswhyinmostofhisworkshehasshowedhisintensesympathywiththeoppressedpoor,especiallywiththehopelesschildren.Thenheworkedasajournalist,whichenabledhimtogetacquaintedwiththeinsideknowledgeoftheBritishlegalandpoliticalsystemandkepthiminclosecontactwiththedarkersocialconditionsoftheIndustrialRevolution.Asprovedlaterinhislife,hisbitterlifeexperiencehasbecomeasourceofinspirationforhisliterarycareer.Laterintheyear1836,acollectionofsemi-fictionalsketchesentitledSketchesbyBozearnedhimrecognitionasawriter.HeclaimedauniversalreputationandwrotesomanyworksduringhislifetimethatDickensbecamefamousandbegantomakemoneyfromhiswritingwhenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,ThePickwickPapers.Dickensremainedaprolificwritertotheendofhislife,andhisnovels—amongthemGreatExpectations,ATaleofTwoCities,AChristmasCarol,DavidCopperfield,andBleakHouse,TheOldCuriosityShop,DombeyandSon,HardTimes—continuedtoearncriticalandpopularacclaim.Comingfromthelowermiddleclass,andfairlyacquaintedwiththelifeofthepoorpeople,heisoneoftheirmostmovingspokesmen.

CharlesDickensisamasterofstory-teller,andheisalsorememberedforhischaracter-portrayal.Besides,hislanguagecould,inaway,becomparedwithShakespeare’s.Hishumorandwitseeminexhaustible.Amongallthesefeatures,hisCharacter-portrayalisthemostoutstandingoneofhisworks.Hischaracterizationsofchild（OliverTwist,etc.）,somegrotesquepeople（Fagin,etc.）andsomecomicalpeople（Mr.Micawber,etc.）aresuperb.Dickensalsoemploysexaggerationinhisworks.Dickens’sworksarealsocharacterizedbyamixtureofhumorandpathos.Hehasatendencytodepictthegrotesque（veryoddorunusual,fantasticallyuglyorabsurd）charactersorevent.Thisistrueinhischaracterizationandinhisdescriptionofscenes.MostofDickens’scharactershaveapeculiarhabit,manner,behavior,dress,andcatchphraseofhisorherown.Forexample,thechildreninhisnovelsareinstinctive:

theyhavestrongimaginations,vividsensations;theyseelifeasblackandwhite,andbiggerthanreality;theirenemiesseemdemonsandtheirfriendsangels;theirjoysandsorrowabsoluteandeternal.SomeofthemostunforgettablecharacterslikeOliverTwist,LittleNell,PaulDombey,DavidCopperfieldandlittlePip,thesecharactersarefullofvitalityandcandemonstratethetypeofpersonality.

1.2GreatExpectations

GreatExpectations（1860-1861）isoneofDickens’smostmatureworks,andit’ssaidthatafterDickenshadexperiencedlargepartofmeaningfullife,hehadadeepercognitionforpeople,environment,aswellasthelifewhichhehadgonethrough,andthatallthematurecognitionsareincludedinthisnovel—GreatExpectations.

Thenovel,asoneofDickens’smostpopularnovels,canalsobeconsideredsemi-autobiographicalofDickens,likemuchofhiswork,drawingonhisexperiencesoflifeandpeople.Inthisnovel,DickensusesthelimitedperspectivetointroducePip’sposition,andmakes“crimeandpunishment”and“nobilityandaward”asitsdeeperstructure,whichistheinterpretationofdialecticalrelationshipbetweengoodandevil.

GreatExpectationshasdescribedachildPipwhoseparentsdiedwhenhewasveryyoung.Heisbroughtupbyhissisterwhoisunpleasantaswellascruelandhisfriendlybrother-in-law—Joe.ThefriendshipbetweenJoeandhimisverydeepbeforehebecomesagentleman.Pipissatisfiedwiththislifeandhiswarmfriendsuntilheishiredbyanembitteredwealthywoman,MissHavisham,asanoccasionalcompaniontoherandherbeautifulbuthaughtyadopteddaughter,Estella.Fromthattimeon,Pipaspirestoleavebehindhissimplelifeandbeagentleman.AfteryearsascompaniontoMissHavishamandEstella,hespendsmoreyearsasanapprenticetoJoe,sothathemaygrowuptohavealivelihoodworkingasablacksmith.ThislifeissuddenlyturnedupsidedownwhenheisvisitedbyaLondonattorney,Mr.Jaggers,whoinformsPipthatheistocomeintothe“greatexpectations”ofahandsomepropertyandbetrainedtobeagentlemanatthebehestofananonymousbenefactor.Pipentruststhelawyertohelphimmakehisdreamcometrue.Pip’sloveisEstella.MissHavishamtriesherbesttomakeEstellabecomeanattractivegirltofascinateallkindsofmen,becausesheisdeceivedbyherloverwhounitsherbrothertocheatherproperty.Herloverescapesontheweddingparty.ThenMissHavishamclosesherselfinagravelyweddingroomuntilshedies.However,itturnsoutthatthegoodfortuneisgivenbyaconvict.Piphelpshimwhentheconvictescapesfromtheprison.Fromthenon,theconvictdoesmanybusinessestoearnenoughmoneyinordertomakeagentleman.Astheconvictisarrested,thepropertyisdespoiledofhim.Pipisbacktoapoorman.ThenovelshowsthedisillusionofPip’sgreatexpectationsandtheideathatunrealistichopesandexpectationscanleadtoundesirabletraits.

Althoughtheatmosphereofthisnovelisalittleupsetandheavy,itiswellstructured,andtheplotisfullofturningsandsuspensions,whichsurprisesthereader.Besides,whenitcomestothesignif