情态动词宾语从句.docx

情态动词宾语从句.docx

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情态动词宾语从句

情态动词；

主要是mustI和mayI的否定回答mustI

No,youneedn'/youdon'haveto

mayI…No,youmustn'宾语从句

用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。

现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：

，引导词

例：

Itoldhimthathewaswrong.

l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。

例：

Idon'tthinkyouareright.我认为你做的不对）

l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。

例：

Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone（我认为他向每一个人撒

谎是错误的）

B,由连词if、whether引导的表示是否…”的宾语从句。

Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。

例:

Idon'tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.

Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.

l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导

例:

Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney

l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.

例：

Idon'tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.

l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.

tbeendecided.

例:

Whethertogothereornothasn

C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。

连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。

例:

Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?

（which做定语）

Idon'tknowwherehelives.（were做地点状语）

，宾语从句的语序,

宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

例:

Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.

HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.

Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.

，宾语从句的时态。

宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,

既：

主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。

主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。

1）Shesaysthatsheisastudent.

Shesaidthatshewasastudent.

2）ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.

ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.

3）Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.

Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.

4）ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.

ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.

l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

例：

Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.

lCouldyoutellme是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。

例:

CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum?

注意事项:

u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。

例:

Shesaid:

“IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.

ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore.

Sheaskedme:

“Doyoulikemaths?

”

SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths.

u宾语从句与简单句的交换。

由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用疑问词+不定式

'做宾语的简单句结构。

例：

Idon'tknowwhatIshouldOnext.

Icontknowwhattodonext.

Hedidn'tknowwherehewouldlive.

Hedidntknowwheretolive.

1）陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren'tI.

rmastallasyoursister，aren'tI?

2）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语。

Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?

3）陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?

Someplantsneverblown（开花）,dothey?

4）含有oughtto的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't/

oughtn't+主语。

Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the?

/shouldn'the?

5）陈述部分有haveto+v.（hadto+v.），疑问部分常用don't+主语（didn't+主语）。

Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?

6）陈述部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。

Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?

/usedn'the?

7）陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn'tyou?

You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?

8）陈述部分有wouldrather+v.，疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。

Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?

9）陈述部分有You'dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。

You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?

10）陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?

YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou?

/didn'tyou?

Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?

11）感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。

Whatcolours,aren'tthey?

Whatasmell,isn'tit?

12）陈述部分由neither•••nor,either•连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其

实际逻辑意义而定。

NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?

佝陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。

Everythingisready,isn'tit?

14）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

a.并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,heshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldn'the?

b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?

HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?

c.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语

从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?

Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can'tshe?

15）陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey?

（doeshe?

）

Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?

（doeshe?

）16）带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need（dare）+主语。

Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?

Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?

当dare,need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do+主语。

Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?

17）省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyou。

Don'tdothatagain,willyou?

Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?

注意：

Let's开头的祈使句，后用shallwe?

Letus开头的祈使句，后用willyou?

Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?

Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?

佝陈述部分是"therebe"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?

Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?

19）否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

Itisimpossible,isn'tit?

Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?

20）must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

Hemustbetherenow,isn'the?

Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrow,won'tit?

快速记忆表

陈述部分的谓语疑问部分

Iaren'tI

Wishmay+主语

no,nothing,nobody,neverfew,seldom,hardlyjarely,little等否定含义的词肯定

含义

oughtto（肯定的）shouldn't/oughtn't+主语

haveto+v.（hadto+v.）don't+主语（didn't+主语）

usedtodidn't+主语或usedn't+主语

hadbetter+v.hadn'tyou

wouldrather+v.wouldn't+主语

you'dliketo+v.wouldn't+主语must根据实际情况而定

感叹句中be+主语

Neither…nor,either••根据其实际逻辑意义而定

指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this主语用it

并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定

定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定

主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定

think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导与宾语从句相对应的从句

everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone复数they,单数he

情态动词dare或needneed（dare）+主语dare,need为实义动词do+主语省去主语的祈使句willyou?

Let's开头的祈使句Shallwe?

Letus开头的祈使句Willyou?

therebe相应的谓语动词+there（省略主语代词）

否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式

回答：

反意疑问句是在陈述句后边加上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的内容提出相反的疑问,这种句子就叫作反意疑问句。

反意疑问句可以表示真实的疑问，也可以表

示提问人的倾向、强调或反问。

如果陈述句是肯定句时，后边的反意疑问句通常要用否定式；反之，如果陈述句是否定句时，后边的反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。

陈述句和后边的反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。

例如：

HespeaksEnglish,doesn'the?

Marywon'tdoit,willshe?

Liescannotcoverupthefacts,canthey?

回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样，肯定回答用"Yes,+肯定结构";否定回答用"No,+否定结构"。

这与汉语习惯有所不同。

例如：

-He'sadoctor,isn'the?

他是医生，对吧？

-Yes,heis.对，他是医生。

（No,heisn't.不,他不是医生。

）

-Heisn'tadoctor,ishe?

他不是医生，对吧？

-Yes,heis.不,他是医生。

（No,heisn't.对,他不是医生。

）

阅读理解；

ThisisatalkbyaLondontaxi（出租车）driver.

"I'vebeenataxidriverfornearlytenyears.MostLondontaxidrivershavetheirowntaxis."

"It'sanicejobmostoftime.youmeetalotofpeopie.Ialwaysworkatnight,becausethereistoomuchtrafficduringtheday.Ilivetwentymiles（英里）outsideLondonandIgotoworkat5:

30intheafternoon."

"Iusuallygohomebetween2and3inthemorning."

"Someverystrangethingshappenedlateatnight.TheotherdayIwastakingawomanhomefromaparty.Shehadherlittledogwithher.Whenwegottoherhouse,shefoundthatshehadlostherkey.SoIwaitedinthecarwiththedogwhilesheclimbedinthroughthewindows."

"Iwaitedandwaited.AfterhalfanhourofringingthebellIdecidedtofindoutwhatwasgoingon」tiedthedogtoatreeandstartedtoclimbinthroughthewindow.ThenextthingIknewwasthatthepolicecame.TheythoughtIwasathief（小偷）.

Luckilythewomancamedownstairs（下楼）.Shemusthavegonetosleepandforgottenaboutmeandthedog!

"

1.Thedriveralwaysworkedatnightbecauseitwaseasierto.

A.driveB.makemoney?

C.climbinthroughthewindow

D.meetalotofpeople

2.Thewomanclimbedinthroughthewindowbecause.

A.shewantedtohaveasleep

B.herhusbanddidn'topenthedoorforher

C.shedidn'twanttopaythedriver

D.shecouldn'tfindherkey

3.Thestoryhappened.

A.earlyinthemorningB.lateatnight

C.20milesoutsideLondonD.nearthepolicestation

4.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

A.Thedriverworkeduntilbetween2and3inthemorning.

B.Thepolicemadeamistake.

C.Thewomanhadnomoneytopaythedriver.

D.Thewomanhadforgottenaboutthedriverandthedog.

5.Thedriverclimbedinth

A.earlyinthemorningB.lateatnight

C.20milesoutsideLondonD.nearthepolicestation

4.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

A.Thedriverworkeduntilbetween2and3inthemorning.

B.Thepolicemadeamistake.

C.Thewomanhadnomoneytopaythedriver.

D.Thewomanhadforgottenaboutthedriverandthedog.

5.Thedriverclimbedinthroughthewindowto

A.getmoneyfromthewoman

B.returnthedogtothewoman

C.seewhatwashappeninginthehouse

D.phonethepolice

KEY:

1-5ADBCC

TherearefiftystatesintheUnitedStates.ThelargestinpopulationisCalifornia,thelargestinareaisAlaska.AlaskaisthesmallestinpopulationandRhodeIslandisthesmallestinsize.TheoldeststatesaretheonesalongtheAtlanticcoast.TheneweststatesareAlaskaandHawaii.Alaskaisalsothecoldeststate.CaliforniaandFloridaarethewarmer.HenryandhisfamilyliveinSeattle,abigcity,onthePacificcoast.ButLosAngelesandSanFrancisco,alsoonthePacificcoast,arelargerthanSeattle.Henry'scousin,Susan,livesinNewYork.ItisthelargestcityintheUnitedStates.ThousandsofpeoplevisitNewYorkeachyear.ThemostimportantcityintheUnitedStatesisWashington,D.C.Itisthecapital,butitismuchsmallerthanNewYork.

1.HowmanystatesarethereintheU.S.A.?

A.FiveB.Forty-Five.C.FiftyD.Fifteen.

2.Whichstateisthelargestinpopulation?

A.California.B.Rhode-Island.

C.Al