复合不定代词的用法.docx
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复合不定代词的用法
复合不定代词的用法:
由some,any,every,no, 加thing,body,one构成的词叫不定代词,它们共有12个(其中noone 例外),即:
something,anything,everything,nothing,somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody,someone,anyone,everyone,noone(none).
①something,somebody,someone 通常用于肯定句中,something意为“某物,某事”。
Somebody,someone意为“某人”。
在否定句或疑问句中,他们通常要用anything,anybody,anyone代替。
Eg:
“Icanhearsomething!
” saidLucy,“Doesanybodyliveonthisisland?
” Isthereanyoneontheisland?
Can’tyouhearanything?
②anything,anybody,anyone用于肯定句中时分别表示不“任何东西,任何事情,任何人”。
Eg:
Anybodycandoitwell.任何人都可以把它做好。
Youcantakeanythingifyoulike.如果你喜欢,可以拿任何东西。
Something,somebody,someone可用在表示请求,建议,反问等语气的疑问句中,问话者往往希望得到肯定答复。
-Isomeonenearus?
我们附近有人吗?
-No.没人。
-Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
你想要些喝的东西吗?
-Yes,please.是的。
③nothing,nobody通常用于肯定句中,表示否定的意思。
Nothing意为“没有什么事情,没有东西”,nobody意为“没有人”。
Eg:
There’snobodythere.那儿没有人。
There’snothinginthebox. 盒子里没有东西。
④ everything,everybody,everyone 通常用于肯定句中,分别表示“一切,每一件事情”,“每人,人人”。
Eg:
Ibelieveeverybodycan. 我相信每个人都能。
Everythingisready. 一切都准备好了。
使用复合不定代词还应注意:
① 复合不定代词作主语时,要当作单数对待。
Eg:
-Hello,Emily.IseverythingOK?
- Yes,Linda.Everythingisfine.
② 当形容词或动词不定式修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或动词不定式必须放在复合不定代词之后。
Eg:
There’ssomethingwrongwithyoureyes.
Let’sgetsomethingtoeat.Todaywe’regoingtohavesomethingEnglish.
③ 反意疑问句中,表示人的复合不定代词(如somebody,anyone等)在陈述句中作主语时,附加问句中主语要用he或they;表示物的复合不定代词(如something,everything等)在陈述句中作主语时,附加问句中的主语要用it.
Eg:
Nobodyisintheroom,ishe(aren’tthey)?
Everythingisready,isn’tit?
④ 注意复合不定代词在否定句中与肯定句中的转换。
No=not … any
Eg:
There’snobodythere.=Thereisn’tanythingthere.
Shedidn’tfeellikeeatinganything.=Shefeltlikeeatingnothing.
GrammarFocus
Wheredidyougoonvacation?
IwenttoNewYorkCity.
Didyougooutwithanyone?
No,Noonewashere.Everyonewasonvacation.
Didyoubuyanythingspecial?
Yes,Iboughtsomethingformyfather.
No,Iboughtnothing.
Howwasthefood?
Everythingtastedreallygood
Dideveryonehaveagoodtime?
Oh,yes,Everythingwasexcellent
复合不定代词的用法
1.不定代词some,any,no,every与-body,-one,
-thing构成复合代词。
我们称之为复合不定代词
somebody某人
someone某人
something某物,某事
anybody任何人
anyone任何人
Anything任何事物
nobody没有人
noone没有人
nothing没有东西
Everybody每人
Everyone每人
Everything一切
含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同,可以互换。
只是用-body时显得较通俗些,多用于口语中,用-one时显得较文雅些,更常见于正式场合及书面语中。
复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。
当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。
如:
Iseveryoneheretoday?
今天,大家都到齐了吗?
Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.
世上无难事,只怕有心人。
Nobody/Nooneknowshisname
There is something or somebody near us.(作主语)
2.因为some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句或疑问句,no表示完全否定,因此由some,any,no与-one,-body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。
somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句,而anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。
--Didyoubuyanythingspecial?
--Yes,Iboughtsomethingformyfather.
--No,Ididn’tbuyanything.(Iboughtnothing)
Someoneissinginginthenextroom.
Doesanyoneliveintheoldhouse?
Didyougooutwithanyone?
Nooneknowshisname.
Would you like something to eat?
表示邀请时,疑问句里可用something.
3.第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只能用于表示人,它们的形式是单数形式,相应的人称代词和物主代词用单数he,him,his(不一定指男性)。
但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they,them,their来避免由于如:
Everyoneknowsthis,doesn’the[don’tthey]?
Thereissomeoneinyouroffice.Canyouhearthemtalking?
them指代someone
4.第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。
相应的人称代词也只能用it,而不用they。
如:
Therewassomethingwrongwiththecarsohehadtostoppedit.
Everythingisready,isn’tit?
一切都准备好了,是吗?
5.形容词修饰这些复合不定代词,形容词必须后置。
如:
There is something wrong with your ears
IsthereanythinginterestingonTVtonight?
interesting修饰anything
Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
Isthereanythingelseinthebox?
--Let's give her something different to eat .
--Something English?
I know fish and chips!
Wouldyougivemesomethingtodrink?
练习
1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?
A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportant
C.somethingimportant
2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.
A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody
3.Wouldyoulike___?
Icangetitforyou.
A.somethingelseB.anythingelse
C.everythingelse
4.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewith______.A.everything
B:
anything C.something D.nothing
根据句意及首字母填空。
1.Wheredidyougoonv________.
2.Tinawenttosummerc________.
3.DidLucyv_______heruncle?
Yes,shedid.
4.WheredidSallygo?
Shew______toNewYork
汉译英.
1.呆在家里stayathome
2.去夏令营gotosummercamp
3.去爬山gotothemountains
4.参观博物馆visitthemuseum
5.去度假goonvacation
6.去沙滩gotothebeach
7.去看爷爷奶奶visitthegrandparents
ReadingandWriting:
writethequestions.
1.Q:
(you/vacation)__Wheredidyougoonvacation?
A:
Iwenttothebeach.
2.Q:
(yoursister/beach)__Didyoursistergotothebeach?
A:
:
No,shedidn’t.Shestayedathome.
3.Q:
(Julie/heruncle)__DidJulievisitheruncle?
A:
Yes,shevisitedheruncleinNewYorkCity.
4.Q:
(yourparents/museums)_Didyourparentsvisitmuseums?
A:
No,theydidn’t.Theydon’tlikemuseums.
5.Q:
(yourparents/museums)____Whatdidyourparentsdo?
A:
Theyvisitedalotofmuseums.Themuseumswereinteresting.
HOMEWORK:
Writeaboutyourvacation
Forexample:
LastsummerIwenttothebeach.Myvacationwasgreat.Iwenttherebybusandmybustripwasrelaxing.Thebeachwasverybeautiful.Itwassunny,coolandhumid.thepeoplewerefriendlyandthefoodweredelicious.
IenjoyedmyvacationverymuchandIhopetogothereagain.
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