高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 52.docx

高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 52.docx

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高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day52

高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day52

Passage1

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenreferredtoasnaturevsnurture.

Thosewhosupportthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredetermined（注定）tosuchadegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts（本能）.

Proponentsofthe"nurture"theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli（somethingthathelpssb./sth.todevelopbetterandmorequickly）asthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Thesocialandpoliticalconnectionsofthesetwotheoriesaresignificant.IntheUnitedSates,forexample,blacksoftenbelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome"nature"proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyworsethanwhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescannotyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem________.

A.whyourpersonalitiesandbehaviorsdiffer

B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence

C.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories

D.whatcausesthe"nature/nature"argument

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe"nature"school?

________

A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors

B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities

C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsareshowedbybehaviors

D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstincts.

3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?

________

A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical

B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines

C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo

D.Theyagreethatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell

Passage2

Whatissuccess?

Iamnotgoingtotrytoexplainsuccess.Ithinkaprecisemeaningisimpossible!

IsitwinningaGoldMedalattheOlympicGamesorwinningWimbledon,orbeingawardedaNobelPrize?

Whatelse?

Ibelievepersonalsuccesscouldbeanythingatall—itdoesnothavetoinvolvepublicrecognition.Whoismoresuccessful?

Amillionairewhoisunhappy,oranunnoticedperson,whohasledasimple,quiet,sincereandhappylife?

Thesimplestdefinitionofsuccess,Ithink,is“tosetouttodosomethingandtosucceedindoingit”.

Thefirststepontheroadtosuccessstartswithbelief.Believeyoucansucceedandyouwill.Achievingsuccessinwhateverendeavor（努力）youchoosemaybethegoaloflife,becauseitgivesyoufreedomfromworry.Couldthatbe?

Successmeansdifferentthingstoeveryoneofus.Somepeoplebelieveitismeasuredinfinancialterm;othersbelieveitishelpingothersratherthanhelpingthemselves.However,mostpeoplearemotivatedtoagreatextentbypublicrecognition.Howmanypeoplearereallyhappy?

Howmanypeoplearereallydoingwhattheywanttowiththeirlives?

Incidentally,theabilitytoimaginemakesusdifferentfromanimals.

Mostimportantofall,Ibelievesuccessisamatterofpersonalgrowth.Ifeverydayyouaredevelopingorgrowingjustamillimeter,Ibelieveoneissuccessful.Justbeingaslightlybetterpersoneachdayformeissuccess.I’vegotaverylongwaytogothem!

Finally,alwaysremembersuccessisaprocessandisnotsimplyamatterofarrivingatadestination.It’sthejourneythatreallymatters.Successiswhatyoubecomeintheoftenverydifficultanddangerousjourneydowntheriveroflife.

1.Whatispersonalsuccessaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Winningpublicrecognition.

B.Beinganunhappymillionaire.

C.Somethingimpossibletodefinesimply.

D.Succeedingindoingwhatyouwant.

2.Accordingtothetext,humansaredifferentfromanimalsin.

A.beliefB.imagination

C.freedomD.success

3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Whatissuccess

B.Notruesuccess

C.Howtobesuccessful

D.Successisreachingadestination

Passage3

Oneday,apoorman,whohadonlyonepieceofbreadtoeat,waswalkingpastarestaurant.Therewasalargepotofsouponthetable.Thepoormanheldhisbreadoverthesoup,sothesteamfromthesoupwentintothebread,andgaveitagoodsmell.Thenheatethebread.

Therestaurantownerwasveryangryatthis,andheaskedthemanformoney,inexchangeforthesteamfromthesoup.Thepoormanhadnomoney,sotherestaurantownertookhimtoNasreddin,whowasajudgeatthattime.Nasreddinthoughtaboutthecaseforalittlewhile.

Thenhetooksomemoneyfromhispocket.Heheldthecoinsnexttotherestaurantowner’sear,andshookthem,sothattheymadeadingling（叮当声）noise.

“Whatwasthat?

”askedtherestaurantowner.

“Thatwaspaymentforyou,”answeredNasreddin.

“Whatdoyoumean?

Thatwasjustthesoundofcoins!

”saidangrilytherestaurantowner.

“Thesoundofthecoinispaymentforthesmellofthesoup,”answeredNasreddin.“Nowgobacktoyourrestaurant.”

1.Thepoormanheldhisbreadoverthesoupto_______.

A.makeitheated

B.warmhiscoldhands

C.avoidpayingtherestaurantowner

D.makeitsmellandtastealittlebetter

2.WhydidNasreddinmakeanoisewiththecoins?

A.Tomakethepoormanrelaxed.

B.Topayforthesmellofthesoup.

C.Tomaketherestaurantownerhappy.

D.Toshowthathewasarichperson.

3.Nasreddinthoughtthatthesmellofthesoup________.

A.wasworthlessB.shouldbepaid

C.waspleasantD.couldbesold

4.Thewriter’spurposeintellingthestoryismainlyto_________.

A.showthebadrestaurantowner

B.describethepoor’sunhappylife

C.showNasreddin’sclevernessandhumor

D.provethevalueofthesoundofcoins

Passage4

Drivingisoneofnecessaryskillsthateachpersonshouldhaveiftheywishnottogettroubleduringtheirlife.Youhadbetterstartlearningtodrivewhenyouareeighteen.Experiencetellsthattheolderyoubecome,theharderitistolearntodrive.

Learningtodrivemaybetheverylastthingonyourmindwhenyougraduatefromauniversity,butitishelpfultolookforajobandpayoffthemoneywhichisspentonyourstudy.

So,thebestwayistostartoutearlytotakedrivinglessons.Manyteensinrecenttimesarechoosingnottodrive.Ifso,youarereallymissingoutonahugepartofgrowingupandlosinglotsofbenefitsonawhole.Thetopreasonfornotlearningtodriveisthehighcostsofdrivinglessons.But,weareheretotellyouwhyyoushouldignorethecostsandpaymuchattentiontothemanyadvantages.

Attimesyouaren'torcan'tbedependingonpublictransportation.Thosearethetimesyouareprobablydependingonafriend,oryourparentsforaride.Knowinghowtodriveyourselfwillmakeyouindependentandyouwouldn'thavetofityourplansaccordingtootherpeoplesplans.

Intherecentjobworld,theremaybeplentyofjobs.However,youwon’tbethoughttobeaneligiblecandidate（合格的候选人）becauseyoudon'tknowhowtodrive.

1.Whenisthebesttimetolearntodriveaccordingtothetext?

A.Whenyouareinyourfreetime.B.Whenyouareeighteen.

C.Afteryouhavesomedrivingexperience.D.Afteryoufindajob.

2.Whydomanyteensgiveuplearningtodrive?

A.Theyarebusylookingforjobs.

B.Theyfindpublictransportationmoreconvenient.

C.Theyareunwillingtopayhighcost.

D.Theyshownointerestindriving.

3.Howwillyoubeifyoucandriveaccordingtoparagraph4?

A.Independentofparents.

B.Easy-goingforyourworkmates.

C.Reliableforyourboss.

D.Eligibleforjobs.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhyIsDrivingComfortable?

B.WhyShouldYouLearntoDrive?

C.TheMethodsofLearningtoDriveD.LearntoDrivetoFindaJob

Passage5

AliceWalkermakesherlivingbywriting.Andherpoems,shortstories,andnovelshavewonmanyprizesforher.ShewasborninEatonton,Georgia;shewenttopublicschoolsthere,andthentoSpelmanCollegeinAtlantabeforecomingtoNewYorktoattendSarahLawrenceCollege,fromwhichshegraduatedin1965.ForatimeshelivedinJackson,Mississippi,withherlawyerhusbandandsmalldaughter.

AboutLangstonHughes:

AmericanPoet,herfirstbookforchildren,shesays,“Aftermyfirstmeeting