当代散文赏析期末复习资料.docx

当代散文赏析期末复习资料.docx

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当代散文赏析期末复习资料

当代散文赏析

考试题型

I.ParaphraseinEnglishthepartsunderlinedinthefollowing（2x10=20%）2到3段来自我讲课的重点段落unit2,unit6,unit7,unit11,unit12,unit13,unit15

IIRewritethefollowing（2x5=10%）高级英语

（二）教与学指南unit3,7,9,10

的rewriting

IIITranslatethefollowingpartsintoEnglish（40%）2到3段来自我讲课的重点段落unit2,unit6,unit7,unit11,unit12,unit13,unit15

IVWriting（30%）

以下是复习的主要重点段落（大家好好做一下高级英语

（二）教与学指南相应的练习）

Unit2

Infact,thereisalongandhonorablehistoryofprocrastinationtosuggestthatmanyideasanddecisionsmaywellimproveifpostponed.Itissomethingofatruismthattoputoffmakingadecisionisitselfadecision.Theparliamentaryprocessisessentiallyasystemofdelayanddeliberation.So,forthatmatter,isthecreationofagreatpainting,oranentree,orabook,orabuildinglikeBlenheimPalace,whichtooktheDukeofMarlborough’sarchitectsandlaborers15yearstoconstruct.Intheprocess,thedesigncanmellowandmarinate.Indeed,hurrycanbetheassassinofelegance.AsT.H.White,authorofSwordintheStone,oncewrote,time“isnotmeanttobedevouredinanhouroraday,buttobeconsumeddelicatelyandgraduallyandwithouthaste.”

Unit6

Theoutstandingcharacteristicofman’screativenessistheabilityto1transmutetrivialimpulsesintomomentousconsequences.Thegreatnessofmanisin2whathecandowithpettygrievancesandjoys,andwithcommonphysiologicalpressuresandhungers.“WhenIhavealittle3vexation,”wroteKeats,“itgrowsinfiveminutesintoathemeforSophocles.”Toacreativeindividualallexperienceis4seminal---alleventsare5equidistantfromnewideasand6insights---andhis7inordinatehumannessshowsitselfintheabilitytomakethetrivialandcommonreachanenormousway.

Childrenandmaturepeople8thriveondullroutine,whiletheadolescent,whohaslostthechild’scapacityforconcentrationandiswithouttheinner9resourcesofthemature,needsexcitementandnoveltyto10staveoffboredom.

Thereseemstobeageneralassumptionthatbrilliantpeoplecannotstandroutine;thattheyneedavaried,excitinglifeinordertodotheirbest.Itisalsoassumedthatdullpeopleareparticularlysuitedfordullwork.Wearetoldthatthereasonthepresent-dayyoungprotestsoloudlyagainstthedullnessoffactoryjobsisthattheyarebettereducatedandbrighterthantheyoungofthepast.

Peoplewhofinddulljobsunendurableareoftendullpeoplewhodonotknowwhattodowiththemselveswhenatleisure.Childrenandmaturepeoplethriveondullroutine,whiletheadolescent,whohaslostthechild’scapacityforconcentrationandiswithouttheinnerresourcesofthemature,needsexcitementandnoveltytosaveoffboredom.

Unit7

FortheGreeks,beautywasavirtue:

akindofexcellence.Personsthenwereassumedtobewhatwenowhavetocall---lamely,enviously---wholepersons.IfitdidoccurtotheGreekstodistinguishbetweenaperson’s“inside”and“outside,”theystillexpectedthatinnerbeautywouldbematchedby-beautyoftheotherkind.Thewell-bornyoungAthenianswhogatheredaroundSocratesfounditquiteparadoxicalthattheirherowassointelligent,sobrave,sohonorable,soseductive---andsougly.OneofSocrates’mainpedagogicalactswastobeugly—andteachthoseinnocent,nodoubtsplendid-lookingdisciplesofhishowfullofparadoxeslifereallywas.0necouldhardlyaskformoreimportantevidenceofthedangersofconsideringpersonsassplitbetweenwhatis“inside”andwhatis“outside”thanthatinterminablehalf-comichalf-tragictale,theoppressionofwomen.

Unit11

Weshoulddeplorethedisappearanceofmanuscripts.Howcananyone,studentorscholar,learnanythingaboutthecreativeprocessfromafloppydisc?

Canthiswobblyplasticrevealthehours,theendlesshours,wherebeautywasbornoutofIitsowndespair（asWilliamButlerYeatsputit）andblear-eyedwisdomoutofmidnightoil?

Manuscriptsaretheserecordsofcreativeagony,oftensweat-stained,coffee-splatteredorcigarette-charred.Manuscriptstelluswhatwentoninawriter’ssoul,howheorshefeltduringtheagonyofcreation.Manuscriptsareourgifttoourheritage,andwehavenorighttodeprivefuturegenerationsoflearninghowwethinkandfeel,simplybecausewefindwordprocessingmoreconvenient.

Unit12

Americawasalandthatwasbeginningalloveragain,dedicatedtonothingmuchmorecomplicatedthantherather1hazybeliefthatallmenhadequalrightsandshouldhaveanequalchanceintheworld.InsuchalandLeestoodforthefeelingthatitwassomehowofadvantagetohumansocietytohavea2pronouncedinequalityinthesocialstructure.Thereshouldbealeisureclass,backedbyownershipofland;inturn,societyitselfshouldbe3keyedtothelandasthechiefsourceofwealthandinfluence.Fromthemthecountrywouldgetitsleadership;4tothemitcouldlookforthehighervalues---ofthought,ofconduct,ofpersonal5deportment---togiveitstrengthandvirtue.

Leeembodiedthenoblestelementsofthisaristocraticideal.Throughhim,the6landednobilityjustifieditself.

SoGrantandLeewereincompletecontrast,representingtwo7diametricallyopposedelementsinAmericanlife.Grantwasthemodernmanemerging;beyondhim,readytocomeonthestage,wasthegreatageof8steelandmachinery,ofcrowdedcitiesandarestlessburgeoningvitality.Leemighthaveriddendownfromtheoldageofchivalry,lanceinhand,silkenbanner9flutteringoverhishead.Eachmanwasthe10perfectchampionofhiscause,drawingbothhisstrengthsandhisweaknessesfromthepeopleheled.

Unit13

Aeuphemismiscommonlydefinedasan1auspiciousorexaltedterm（like“sanitationengineer”）thatisusedinplaceofamore2down-to-earthterm（like“garbageman”）.Peoplewho3arepartialtoeuphemisms4standaccusedofbeing“5phony”ortryingtobidewhatitistheyarereallytalkingabout.Andthereisnodoubtthatinsomesituationstheaccusationisentirelyproper.Forexample,oneofthemore6detestableeuphemismsIhavecomeacrossinrecentyearsistheterm“OperationSunshine,”whichisthenametheU.S.GovernmentgavetosomeexperimentsitconductedwiththehydrogenbombintheSouth.Pacific.Itisobviousthatthegovernment,inchoosingthisname,wastryingto7expungethehideousimagerythatthebombevokesandinsodoingcommitted,asIseeit,animmoralact.Butthereisanothersidetoeuphemizingthatisworthmentioning,andafewwordshereinitsdefensewillnotbe8amiss.WhatIamsayingisthattheprocessofeuphemizinghasnomoralcontent.Themoral9dimensionsaresuppliedbywhatthewords10inquestionexpress,whattheywantustovalueandtosee.

Unit15

Mountaineeringfurnishestheneededanalogy.TheSwissmountainguide,likethetrueteacher,hasaquietauthorityabouthisveryperson.Heorsheengenderstrustandconfidencesothatoneiswillingtojointheendeavor.Themountaineeracceptshisleadershiprole,yetrecognizesthatthesuccessofthejourney（measuredbythescalingoftheheights）dependsuponclosecooperationandactiveparticipationbyeachnumberofthegroup.Hehascrossedtheterrainbeforeandisfamiliarwiththelandmarks,buteachtripisnew,andgeneratesitsownanxietyandexcitement.Essentialskillsmustbemasteredifthetripistobesuccessful;lackingthem,disasterloomsasanominouspossibility.Theveryprecariousnessofthesituationnecessitateskeenfocusandraptattention;slackness,misjudgment,orlazinessIcanbringdoom.

1.Myfather’snegativeresponsewasnotsomuchtothearchitectureastoaviolationofhisconceptofthenatureofmoney.

Thearchitectureitselfdidn’tcausesomuchof_______________

2.Itmightbearguedthattheundevelopedtechnologyoftheperiodprecludedtheconstructionofmoredelicatewalls.

Itwaspossiblybecauseoftheundevelopedtechnologyoftheperiod_______________

试题样题（题型例释）

I.ParaphraseinEnglishthepartsunderlinedinthefollowing（20%）:

Besides,thewhole9toffee-nessoftoffeeswas10imperceptiblydiminishedbythegrossactofhavingeatenit.

II.Rewritethefollowing（10%）

Foreachofthesentencesbelow,writeanewsentenceascloseinmeaningaspossibletotheoriginalsentencebyusingthegivenwordsasthebeginning.

Theoutstandingcharacteristicofman’screativenessistheabilitytotransmutetrivialimpulsesintomomentousconsequences.

Man’screativenessisespeciallyshowninthefactthat_________

III.TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartsintoEnglish（40%）

美国是一个一切从头越的国家，它致力于实现一种复杂而又相当模糊的信念：

人人都享有平等的权利，并应该享受平等的生存机会。

IV.Writing（30%）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthetitle:

ShouldFirecrackersBeBanned?

Youshouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline（giveninChinese）.

1.有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？

2.有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？

3.我的看法

Therehasbeenmuchcontroversyoversettingofffirecrackersinthepastyears,witheachpartyowningconvincingevidences.ThosewhoareinfavorofsettingfirecrackersclaimthatitisanancientChinesecustomthatshouldbepreserved.Theyalsoarguethatfirecrackersmakefestivalsandholidayoccasionsmorecolorfulandentertainingforbothadultsandchildren.Withoutfirecrackers,festivalswouldbecomecoldandcheerless.

Ontheotherhand,therearemanypeoplewhoareoftheopinionthatfirecrackersshouldbebanned.Theypointoutthatfirecrackersareresponsibleforfireswhichdestroyproperty,andforinjuriessufferedbothbythepeoplewhosetthemoffandbyinnocentbystanders.Besides,theymaintainthatfirecrackersleadtoawasteofmoneyandresources.

Personally,Ithinkthatbothsideshavesomethingright.Actually,fi