mba年英语真题.docx

mba年英语真题.docx

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mba年英语真题

SectionI UseofEnglish

    Directions：

    Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

    TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas 1 acrosstheWeb.

    Canprivacybepreserved 2  bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly 3  ?

    Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta 4 tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech 5 ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled 6 one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential 7 toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.

    Theideaisto 8 afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould 9 whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense  10  bythegovernment.

    GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto  11 justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.

    12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa  13 community.

    Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith 14 ,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure 15 whichthetransactionruns”.

    Still,theadministration’splanhas 16 privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould 17 beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense”mentality.

    Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith 18 bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet 19 .TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe 20 toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.

    1．A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden

    2．A.forB.withinC.whileD.though

    3．A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless

    4．A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal

    5A.information．B.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent

    6．A.byB.intoC.fromD.over

    7．A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared

    8．A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve

    9．A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize

    10．A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered

    11．A.carryon B.lingeron C.setin D.login

    12．A.Invain B.Ineffect C.Inreturn D.Incontrast

    13．A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving D.competing

    14．A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience

    15．A.on B.after C.beyond D.across

    16．A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united

    17．A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually

    18．A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm

    19．A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible

    20．A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced

SectionII  ReadingComprehension 

    PartA

    Directions:

    Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

    Text 1

    RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:

ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?

ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.

    Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.

    TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.

    Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.

    21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor        .

    [A]gainingexcessiveprofits

    [B]failingtofulfillherduty

    [C]refusingtomakecompromises

    [D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes

    22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe        .

    [A]generousinvestors

    [B]unbiasedexecutives

    [C]sharepriceforecasters

    [D]independentadvisers

    23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto       .

    [A]becomemorestable

    [B]reportincreasedearnings

    [C]dolesswellinthestockmarket

    [D]performworseinlawsuits

    24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors        .

    [A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm

    [B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm

    [C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm

    [D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm

    25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis       .

    [A]permissive

    [B]positive

    [C]scornful

    [D]critical

    Text 2 

    Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?

Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?

Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?

Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.

    Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.

    Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.

    Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development（OECD）.InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.

    Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.

    26.Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”（Lines3-4,Para.1）,theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper       .

    [A]neglectedthesignofcrisis

    [B]failedtogetstatesubsidies

    [C]werenotcharitablecorporations

    [D]wereinadesperatesituation

    27.Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause      .

    [A]readersthreatenedtopayless

    [B]newspaperswanted