仁爱英语八年级下册语法培训讲学.docx
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仁爱英语八年级下册语法培训讲学
仁爱英语八年级下册 语法复习及配套练习
一，系动词及用法。
大多数联系动词后面接形容词，seem后还可接不定式, be后可接副词、名词、介词短语等。
联系动词和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。
初中阶段常见的联系动词有be , look（看起来），seem（似乎，好像），feel（感觉，感到），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），get（变），become（变得，成为），turn（变），go（变），grow（变），等。
表示变化的系动词的区别：
天气变化用get; 颜色的变化用turn; 由好变坏用go; 逐渐变化用grow; 好变坏、坏变好用become 或get;成为用become. 翻译下列句型：
面包变酸了（sour）.________________________
这朵花闻起来很香sweet____________________
这种食物尝起来是咸的（salty）___________
那个妇女疯了。
____________________________
她似乎很担心。
____________________________
她感到烦恼。
_____________________________
这首歌听起来很动听。
______________________
树木变得越来越绿。
________________________
他变得越来越老。
_________________________
天气变得越来越暖和。
______________________
似乎要下雨。
____________________________
保持健康。
_____________________________
最后，她成为了一名女警察。
_________________
我感到失望。
______________________________
二，状语从句 种类 连接词
注意点
时间状语 when, while, before, after, until, as soon as,
主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时（主将从现）；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。
地点状语 where, 原因状语 because, as, since, because语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。
条件状语 if, unless, as long as, 从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替
目的状语 so that, in order that, so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词
结果状语 so…that, such…that
时间状语从句，其连接词有：
after， before， when， as， as soon as， until （till）， while， since， by
1 until （till） 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。
如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：
I studied hard ________ 12 o'clock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：
He ______ go to bed_______ until his mother came back.
2 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。
它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：
If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday.
as 强调随着时间推移，当…时。
考试中常见的考点有：
要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：
I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.
if it rains, he will not come. 原因状语从句中主要是
① because， 因为.表达的因果关系最强，如：
He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard② since 应译为"既然"，如：
Since you were ill yesterday, I left some notes on your desk. ③ as 应译为"由于"，如：
As it is too hot we'd better go swimming.
since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。
而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。
它不能用于句首，如：
He studies hard, for he wants to go to college.
比较状语从句中有同级比较 as „ as， 要注意的有两点：
1as „ as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。
2用形容词还是副词，如：
Mary writes as carefully as Tom.
Mary is as careful as Tom.
状语从句练习
1. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.
A. Though B. Since C. For D. So
2. Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?
I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be
C. will come; is D. will come; will be
3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him.
A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help
C. will fall; help D. falls; helping
4. I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who
5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming
6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green.
A. not; before B. don’t; when C. not to; until D. not; after
7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because
8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was
9. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less
10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D. while
11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions.
A. which B. that C. where D. though
13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order
14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.
A. because B. as C. if D. since
15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.
A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day
C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day
16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very
17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.
A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if
18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
19. ______ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.
A. So long as B. In order that
C. No matter how D. The moment
20. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing.
A. will get B. get C. getting D. got
二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子
1. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生都很喜欢她。
Mrs Bruce was _______ kind to her students ______they all______ her very much .
2. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。
Our parents will be pleased with our performance _____ _____ ______ we try our best.
3. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？
Will you please call me ______ ______ ______ you get to Shanghai.
4. 虽然她很忙，她还坚持自学英语。
_______ _______ ______ _______, she kept on learning English by herself.
5. 他长大后想当一名老师。
He wants to be a teacher ______ _______ _______ _______.
6 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。
______ ______ ______ _____ _______ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
7. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。
Li Ming didn’t come to school _______ _______ ______ ______.
三，宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的连接词
宾语从句是一种主从复合句，在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
根据宾语从句原先（做宾语之前）的句式，我们把宾语从句分为三类。
1）. 宾语从句原先是陈述句的，由that连接。
that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：
He said. He wanted to stay at home.
He said （that） he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know. She is seriously ill.
She doesn’t know_____________________
I am sure . He will succeed.
I am sure _________________________________.
2）. 宾语从句原先是特殊疑问句的，由其本身疑问词连接。
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：
Do you know？
Who （whom） are they waiting for?
Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for?
Can you tell me?
Where is the No.3 bus stop ?
________________________________
I don’t know. Why is the train late?
______________________________________
3）.宾语从句原先是一般疑问句的， 由if或whether。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如：
I want to know. Does he live there?
I want to know if he lives there?
He asked me. Was there a book store on Center Street?
________________________
2. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句（主谓式）的语序。
例如：
I hear （that） physics isn’t easy.
I think （that） you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
3. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
如：
I don’t think （that） you are right. Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
1．They want to know ______ do to help us.
A. what they can B. how they can
C. how can they D. what can they
2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.
A. didn’t think; was; that B. thought was; whether
C. didn’t think; was; × D .thought; wasn´t; ×
3．____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：
连接词、语序和时态。
1.引导词
1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。
在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。
注意：
当who为主语时，句式为：
who+谓语+其他
2.判断时态情况
1．主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。
2．主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意；描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。
The teacher told the children that the sun____ round.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
2． I believe that our team____ the basketball match.
A. win B. won C. will win D. wins
3． I don’t know____ to visit the old man.
A. whether B. if C. that D. who
3.宾语从句的用法
1．that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。
但下列情况除外：
（1）．介词宾语从句的that不省略
（2）．and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
He told me （that） he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
（3）．在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 2.Whether,if 引导宾语从句：
两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：
（1）whether从句中有or not
（2）介词后用whether.
Eerything depends on whether you agree with us
3．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
False:
He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right:
He is wondering _______ finish this difficult job.
4 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
即否定前移。
F:
I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. .
T:
I _________ think he _____ the English teacher. 5. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；即主过从过。
False:
He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right:
He wanted to know _________ _________ _________ crying in the corner.
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether
C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she loo
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