定语从句详解+例句.docx

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定语从句详解+例句.docx

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定语从句详解+例句.docx

定语从句详解+例句

一、定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句:

修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词:

引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。

关系词常有3个作用:

1,引导定语从句。

2,代替先行词。

3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句指人,在从句中做主语

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.

注意:

关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.

(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.

(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

注意:

1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:

lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等

(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)

(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)

2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系

代词是所有格时用whose

(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)

(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)

(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)

(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词

(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

四.关系副词引导的定语从句

1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意:

关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句举例:

(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.

(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例:

(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他只有一个哥哥)

难点分析

(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,

或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时

(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?

(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.注意:

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.

2.当先行词被序数词修饰

(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时

(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,

(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/

5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时

(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时

(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?

(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。

具体情况是:

1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。

(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.

2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性

定语从句只能放在主句之后。

另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思

(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.

(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.

(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.注意:

当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which

(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.

3.当先行次受such,thesame修饰时,常用as

(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

注意:

当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(3)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。

(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.

(4)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon't)

(5)区分定语从句和同位语从句

1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系

(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句

(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句

2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,充当成分

(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.

(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.

(3)

定语

Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.

(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.

3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以

(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.

(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.

(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.同位语

(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.

语法解释:

定语从句一一修饰名词或代词的从句。

换句话说,名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。

先行词一一被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。

关系词一一引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词分两种:

一是关系代词(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分)

二是关系副词(在定语从句中担任状语成分)

关系词的三个功能:

1.连接功能(连接先行词与定语从句);

2.担任功能(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语)

3.替代功能(在定语从句中代替先行词)。

Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.

Aplaneisamachine,andthemachinecanfly.

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

关系代词有:

who,whom,whose,that,which,as

who,that,which,as

who,whom,that,which,as

whose,which

who,whom,that,as

which,that,whose,as

先行词为地点),why(先行词为原因)

在定语从句中可担任主语的是:

在定语从句中可担任宾语的是:

在定语从句中可担任定语的是:

当先行词是人时,可用的关系词是:

当先行词是物时,可用的关系词是:

关系副词有:

when(先行词为时间),where(关系副词=介词+which/whom

定语从句分为两种:

限制性与非限制性。

先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性;有逗号隔开则为非限制性。

非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词that引导。

唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as引导。

以下练习详细介绍了定语从句使用的具体语法规则。

一.单选:

1.Afootballfanishasastronginterestinfootball.

A.thatB.whoC.apersonwhoD.what

2.Thehouse,wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.

A.whoseroofB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof

3.Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit

C.whichyoutalkedD.youtalkedabout

A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich

5.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.

whom

6.

Whohas

commonsense(常识)

willdosuchathing?

A.which

B.who

C.whom

D.

that

7.

Alltheapples__

___felldownwereeatenbythepigs.

A.that

B.those

C.which

D.

what

8.

Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything

_hesawatthefront.

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.where

9.

I'lltellyou

hetoldmelastnight.

A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all

10.Achildparentshavediediscalledanorphan.

A.whoB.who'sC.whoseD.which

11.Isthisthemuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

12.IsthismuseumsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

13.—Howdoyoulikethebook?

—It'squitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.

D.theonewhat

D.forthat

D.inthat

D.which

A.thatB.whichC.theone

14.Isthatthereasonyouareinfavoroftheproposal?

A.whichB.whatC.why

15.Thetrainshewastravelingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC.onwhich

16.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawerthepapersarekept.

A.whereB.onwhichC.underwhich

17.Antarcticweknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich

18.Hearrivedatatime,,inhisopinion,wasratherinappropriateforthem.

A.thatB./C.whichD.when

19.Heoftenhelpsthestudentshethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.

A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because

20.TheSecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.

A.whenB.duringthatC.inwhichD.which

21.HewasbornintheyeartheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeout.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.duringwhich

22.M

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