定语从句详解+例句.docx
《定语从句详解+例句.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《定语从句详解+例句.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![定语从句详解+例句.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-1/5/42d57209-7715-4ccf-98ae-bbde7f85f351/42d57209-7715-4ccf-98ae-bbde7f85f3511.gif)
定语从句详解+例句
一、定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。
关系词常有3个作用:
1,引导定语从句。
2,代替先行词。
3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
注意:
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)
(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系
代词是所有格时用whose
(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)
(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)
(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)
(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
四.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意:
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句举例:
(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.
(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例:
(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他只有一个哥哥)
难点分析
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,
或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时
(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?
(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.
(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时
(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,
(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性
定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思
(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.注意:
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which
(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.
3.当先行次受such,thesame修饰时,常用as
(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.
注意:
当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(3)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。
(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
(4)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon't)
(5)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系
(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句
(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句
2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,充当成分
(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.
(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.
(3)
定语
Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.
(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.
3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以
(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.
(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.
(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.同位语
(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.
语法解释:
定语从句一一修饰名词或代词的从句。
换句话说,名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。
先行词一一被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。
关系词一一引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分两种:
一是关系代词(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分)
二是关系副词(在定语从句中担任状语成分)
关系词的三个功能:
1.连接功能(连接先行词与定语从句);
2.担任功能(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语)
3.替代功能(在定语从句中代替先行词)。
Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.
Aplaneisamachine,andthemachinecanfly.
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
关系代词有:
who,whom,whose,that,which,as
who,that,which,as
who,whom,that,which,as
whose,which
who,whom,that,as
which,that,whose,as
先行词为地点),why(先行词为原因)
在定语从句中可担任主语的是:
在定语从句中可担任宾语的是:
在定语从句中可担任定语的是:
当先行词是人时,可用的关系词是:
当先行词是物时,可用的关系词是:
关系副词有:
when(先行词为时间),where(关系副词=介词+which/whom
定语从句分为两种:
限制性与非限制性。
先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性;有逗号隔开则为非限制性。
非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词that引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as引导。
以下练习详细介绍了定语从句使用的具体语法规则。
一.单选:
1.Afootballfanishasastronginterestinfootball.
A.thatB.whoC.apersonwhoD.what
2.Thehouse,wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.
A.whoseroofB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof
3.Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?
A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit
C.whichyoutalkedD.youtalkedabout
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich
5.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.
whom
6.
Whohas
commonsense(常识)
willdosuchathing?
A.which
B.who
C.whom
D.
that
7.
Alltheapples__
___felldownwereeatenbythepigs.
A.that
B.those
C.which
D.
what
8.
Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything
_hesawatthefront.
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.where
9.
I'lltellyou
hetoldmelastnight.
A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all
10.Achildparentshavediediscalledanorphan.
A.whoB.who'sC.whoseD.which
11.Isthisthemuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
12.IsthismuseumsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
13.—Howdoyoulikethebook?
—It'squitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.
D.theonewhat
D.forthat
D.inthat
D.which
A.thatB.whichC.theone
14.Isthatthereasonyouareinfavoroftheproposal?
A.whichB.whatC.why
15.Thetrainshewastravelingwaslate.
A.whichB.whereC.onwhich
16.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawerthepapersarekept.
A.whereB.onwhichC.underwhich
17.Antarcticweknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich
18.Hearrivedatatime,,inhisopinion,wasratherinappropriateforthem.
A.thatB./C.whichD.when
19.Heoftenhelpsthestudentshethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.
A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because
20.TheSecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.
A.whenB.duringthatC.inwhichD.which
21.HewasbornintheyeartheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeout.
A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.duringwhich
22.M