被动语态讲解与练习.docx
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被动语态讲解与练习
被动语态
（一）语态分类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：
Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.（主动）
Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.（被动）
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
（二）被动语态常用的八种时态
1.一般现在时
Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthestates.
Rice______inthesouthofthestates.
2.一般过去时
Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.
Thebuildingofanewcarfactory_______lastmonth.
3.一般将来时
Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.
Cars________abroadbysea.
4.过去将来时
Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.
Theworkerstoldmethatthecar________assoonaspossible.
5.现在进行时
——Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?
——Notyet.Wearepaintingtherooms.
Theroomsarebeingpainted.
6.过去进行时
Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.
Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.
7.现在完成时
Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.
Theprice___________down.
8.过去完成时
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthetickets___already______out.
9.含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.
Agreatmanyletters___________withthecomputerbyhim.
（四）被动语态的使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.”（只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的）。
2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.
ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。
Thesecarsweremade___China.（by\in）
15,000carswillbeproducedeachyear____thenewfactory.（by\in）
Themapshouldbeput__thewall（by\on）
（五）主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。
如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。
如：
Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
Iwasinvited（bymyaunt）toherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.
Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.
（六）语态转换时所注意的问题
1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.
Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.（正确）
Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.（错误）
2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，要注意介词的用法（pass,give,lend,show,make,buy,
sing）
（1）Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.
Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.
Apresentwasgiven__meyesterday.
（2）Themagazinewaspassedtomebylilei.
.I______amagazinebylilei.
Lilei_______amagazine.
（3）Mybikewaslenttoher.
（4）Mothermademeanewskirt.
3.动词短语看作一个整体giveup,handin,putaway,takecareof
Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.
Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.
Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.
4.带复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
如：
Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.
Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.
Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.
Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.
注意：
在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。
Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.
He__often_______playtheguitar.
Theearthquakemadetheroadfallontoanotheronebelow.
Theroad___made______ontoanotheronebelowbytheearthquake.
5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。
如：
Nobodycananswerthisquestion.
误：
Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.
正：
Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.
Noonecandothejob.
6.不及物动词,连系动词无被动语态（happen,takeplace,appear）
Greatchanges______（take）placeinthelasttwoyears.
Look!
What___（happen）?
It____（seem）thathewasbadlyill.
Thesweater___（feel）soft.
!
!
!
It___（say）thatshecomesfromtheUSA.
It____（notknow）whetherhewillcomeornot.
4:
练习
1）.Putthefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice（byphrasemaybeomitted）
1.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.
2.Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.
4.XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.
5.Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.
6.Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.
7.Hasanybodyfedthebirds?
8.Peoplewillneverforgettheaccident.
9.Youmaywritethisletterinpencil.
11.Someonemustturnonthelight
12.Theyhavefoundwaystomakewastewaterclean.
13.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.
14.Theywon'tholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.
15.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.
17.Theymadetheyoungmanbecomeheadofthevolleyballteam.
18.Someonewilltellyouhowtopreparefortheexamination.
20.Someonehastakenthestrangertoanotherhospital.
21.Isawhimentertheroomjustnow.
22.sheoftenkeepstheroomclean.
23.Peoplewilllaughatyouifyouwearthatdress.
26.Wemustfinishtheworkbysixo'clockthisafternoon.
27.Doyouoftencleanyourroom?
29.Couldyoucarryouttheplanontime?
30.Wemustpayattentiontosuchproblems.
32.Youshouldputforward（提出）thequestionsatthemeeting.
34.Heissuretofinishthejobbythen.
35.Sheisgoingtoplaythematchtoday.
36.Peoplearetalkingabouttheincidentalloverthetown.
37.Wesawabusrunningtowardsusatthattime
36Youneedtofinishtheworksoon.
39.Theyhadtoputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseoftherain.
40.Wedon'thavetowriteitinsuchahurry.
2）.Makethebestchoice:
43.Thewar_____in1937
A.wasbrokenout B.hadbeenbrokenout
C.hasbrokenout D.brokeout
44.Themistakesintheexerciseswill_____theteacher.
A.cross B.becrossing
C.becrossedby D.crossby
45.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.
A.beeninvited B.beeninvitedfor
C.invitedto D.beeninvitedto
46.It_______thisway
A.ishadtodo B.ishadtobedone
C.hadtobedone D.hastodo
47.It__thisway.
Ausedtodo B.usedtobedone
C.isusedtodo D.isusedtodoing
48._____Chaplin.
A.Thechild'snamewascalled
B.Thechild'snamecalls
C.Thechildcalls
D.Thechildisnamed
50.Maryrealizedshe_________
A.wasmakingfunof B.wasmadefun
C.wasbeingmadefunof D.wasbeingmadefun
D.Itisconsiedringwrong
52.Heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.
A.wouldbeprinted B.wouldprint
C.beprinted D.print
53.Thestory______inChina.
A.wastakenplace B.washappened
C.tookplace D.hasbeentakenplace
54.Thehouse_____myparents
A.isbelongto B.belongto
C.belongsto D.isbelongedto
55.He_______byhisteacher.
A.happenedtosee B.washappenedtosee
C.happenedtobeseen
D.washappenedtobeseen
56.Greatchanges_____inourprovince.Manytallbuildings______.
A.havebeentakenplace, havebeensetup
B.havetakenplace, havebeensetup
C.havebeentakenplace, havebeensetup
D.weretakenplace, weresetup
57.Thehall's____butit'snotyet____withlamps.
A.furnished, finished
B.beenfinished, beenfurnished
C.beingfinished, beingfurnished
D.setup, full
58.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown.
_____fromhere?
A.Canitsee B.Canitbeseen
C.Canitseen D.Cansee
59.Assoonaswegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane_____.
A.hadalreadytakenoff B.alreadytookoff
C.wasalreadytakingoff
D.wasalreadytakenoff
60.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_________.
A.havenowbeenrebuilding
B.arenowrebuilding
C.arenowbeingrebuilt
D.arerebuiltnow
（Answerstothequestions:
BADCD,CBDAC,BCCCC,BBBAC）
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